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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chu, Zhaoyang Wan, Yao Li, Qian Wu, Yang Zhang, Hongyu Sui, Yulei Xu, Guandong Jin, Hai School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Australia School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Australia School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of software systems. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent code embedding approach for vulnerability detection, owing to their ability to capture the underlying semantic structure of source code. However, GNNs face significant challenges in explainability due to their inherently black-box nature. To this end, several factual reasoning-based explainers have been proposed. These explainers provide explanations for the predictions made by GNNs by analyzing the key features that contribute to the outcomes. We argue that these factual reasoning-based explanations cannot answer critical what-if questions: "What would happen to the GNN's decision if we were to alter the code graph into alternative structures?" Inspired by advancements of counterfactual reasoning in artificial intelligence, we propose CFExplainer, a novel counterfactual explainer for GNN-based vulnerability detection. Unlike factual reasoning-based explainers, CFExplainer seeks the minimal perturbation to the input code graph that leads to a change in the prediction, thereby addressing the what-if questions for vulnerability detection. We term this perturbation a counterfactual explanation, which can pinpoint the root causes of the detected vulnerability and furnish valuable insights for developers to undertake appropriate actions for fixing the vulnerability. Extensive experiments on four GNN-based vulnerability detection models demonstrate the effectiveness of CFExplainer over existing state-of-the-art factual reasoning-based explainers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Layered Structure Aware Dependent Microservice Placement Toward Cost Efficient Edge Clouds

Layered Structure Aware Dependent Microservice Placement Tow...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Deze Zeng Hongmin Geng Lin Gu Zhexiong Li School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Although the containers are featured by light-weightness, it is still resource-consuming to pull and startup a large container image, especially in relatively resource-constrained edge cloud. Fortunately, Docker, as the most widely used container, provides a unique layered architecture that allows the same layer to be shared between microservices so as to lower the deployment cost. Meanwhile, it is highly desirable to deploy dependent microservices of an application together to lower the operation cost. Therefore, the balancing of microservice deployment cost and the operation cost should be considered comprehensively to achieve minimal overall cost of an on-demand application. In this paper, we first formulate this problem into a Quadratic Integer Programming form (QIP) and prove it as a NP-hard problem. We further propose a Randomized Rounding-based Microservice Deployment and Layer Pulling (RR-MDLP) algorithm with low computation complexity and guaranteed approximation ratio. Through extensive experiments, we verify the high efficiency of our algorithm by the fact that it significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art microservice deployment strategies.

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Structure design and analysis of a rigid-soft robotic hand with large load capacity 3

Structure design and analysis of a rigid-soft robotic hand w...

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3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Information Engineering, EEIE 2024

作者： Wu, Peichen Lan, Fuming Hong, Wen Chen, Xiaoping Shuai, Wei Cui, Guowei Gao, Yang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology Guangzhou510070 China Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai201100 China Intelligent Manufacturing Institute of HFUT HeFei230041 China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688179

In recent years, soft grippers have gained significant attention due to their adaptability and safety. However, when performing horizontal object grasping, their limited structural stiffness prevents them from withstanding the torque generated by friction between the gripper and the object, leading to a loss of contact and limiting their horizontal load capacity. To address this limitation while preserving the adaptability of soft grippers, this paper proposes a gripper structure called the rigid-soft robotic hand, which incorporates lateral rigid connecting rods outside the soft joints. The paper analyzes the bending capacity of the rigid-soft joint using kinematic methods and investigates the influence of link design parameters on maximum bending angle. Subsequently, a finite element analysis is conducted to study the finger structure with the added connecting rods, aiming to optimize the link design parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the grasping capabilities of the rigid-soft gripper in both vertical and horizontal orientations. The findings show that the rigid-soft gripper significantly improves the load-carrying capacity during horizontal object grasping while maintaining the adaptability of the soft gripper. © The Authors.

关键词： Robotic arms

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A Data-Centric Accelerator for High-Performance Hypergraph Processing 22

A Data-Centric Accelerator for High-Performance Hypergraph P...

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Proceedings of the 55th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture

作者： Qinggang Wang Long Zheng Ao Hu Yu Huang Pengcheng Yao Chuangyi Gui Xiaofei Liao Hai Jin Jingling Xue National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China and Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462723

Hypergraph processing has emerged as a powerful approach for analyzing complex multilateral relationships among multiple entities. Past research on building hypergraph systems suggests that changing the scheduling order of bipartite edge tasks can improve the overlap-induced data locality in hypergraph processing. However, due to the complex intertwined connections between vertices and hyperedges, it is almost impossible to find a locality-optimal scheduling order. Thus, these task-centric hypergraph systems often suffer from substantial off-chip *** this paper, we first propose a novel data-centric Load-Trigger-Reduce (LTR) execution model to exploit fully the locality in hypergraph processing. Unlike a task-centric model that loads the required data along with a task, our LTR model invokes tasks as per the data used. Specifically, once the hypergraph data is loaded into the on-chip memory, all of its relevant computation tasks will be triggered simultaneously to output intermediate results, which are finally reduced to update the final results. Our LTR model enables all hypergraph data to be accessed once in each iteration. To fully exploit the LTR performance potential, we further architect an LTR-driven hypergraph accelerator, XuLin, which features with an adaptive data loading mechanism to minimize the loading cost via chunk merging at runtime. XuLin is also equipped with a priority-based differential data reduction scheme to reduce the impact of conflicting updates on performance. We have implemented XuLin both on a Xilinx Alveo U250 FPGA card and using a cycle-accurate simulator. The results show that XuLin outperforms the state-of-the-art hypergraph processing solutions Hygra and ChGraph by 20.47× and 8.77× on average, respectively.

关键词： hypergraph data-centric accelerator

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Enhancing Ocean Scene Video Captioning with Multimodal Pre-Training and Video-Swin-Transformer 49

Enhancing Ocean Scene Video Captioning with Multimodal Pre-T...

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49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2023

作者： Chen, Xinyu Zhao, Meng Shi, Fan Zhang, Meng'en He, Yu Chen, Shengyong School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education Tianjin300384 China Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Space Utilization Beijing100190 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331820

With the success of multimodal pre-training models in the video-language field and various downstream tasks, previous multimodal models used 3DCNN networks as video feature extractors, which have limitations in interacting and fusing with text features. This paper proposes a multimodal pre-training model that utilizes a Video-Swin-Transformer-based network to encode both video and text data, to achieve better performance in video understanding. The model consists of four modules: video encoder, text encoder, interact encoder, and caption decoder to accomplish the task of ocean scene video captioning. A dataset of ocean scene videos, including various content types such as sea surfaces and shores, is also constructed. The training process is divided into two stages: pre-training and fine-tuning. Pre-training is performed on the Howto100m dataset to allow the model to learn video captions in natural scenes and complete video-language matching tasks. The fine-tuning stage is then performed on the ocean1000 dataset to better understand the events and content in ocean scene videos and generate captions that conform to ocean scene video descriptions. The model achieves satisfying results on both the public dataset YouCook2 and the proprietary dataset Ocean1000, demonstrating its ability in video-text information fusion and interaction. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Expediting Distributed GNN Training with Feature-only Partition and Optimized Communication Planning

Expediting Distributed GNN Training with Feature-only Partit...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Bingqian Du Jun Liu Ziyue Luo Chuan Wu Qiankun Zhang Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University USA Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350383508

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383515

Feature-only partition of large graph data in distributed Graph Neural Network (GNN) training offers advantages over commonly adopted graph structure partition, such as minimal graph preprocessing cost and elimination of cross-worker subgraph sampling burdens. Nonetheless, performance bottleneck of GNN training with feature-only partitions still largely lies in the substantial communication overhead due to cross-worker feature fetching. To reduce the communication overhead and expedite distributed training, we first investigate and answer two key questions on convergence behaviors of GNN model in feature-partition based distribute GNN training: 1) As no worker holds a complete copy of each feature, can gradient exchange among workers compensate for the information loss due to incomplete local features? 2) If the answer to the first question is negative, is feature fetching in every training iteration of the GNN model necessary to ensure model convergence? Based on our theoretical findings on these questions, we derive an optimal communication plan that decides the frequency for feature fetching during the training process, taking into account bandwidth levels among workers and striking a balance between model loss and training time. Extensive evaluation demonstrates consistent results with our theoretical analysis, and the effectiveness of our proposed design.

关键词： Training Time-frequency analysis Costs Computational modeling Distributed databases Bandwidth Graph neural networks

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Graphene-based dual-function acoustic transducers for machine learning-assisted human-robot interfaces

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InfoMat 2023年第2期5卷 66-79页

作者： Hao Sun Xin Gao Liang-Yan Guo Lu-Qi Tao Zi Hao Guo Yangshi Shao Tianrui Cui Yi Yang Xiong Pu Tian-Ling Ren Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology School of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China School of Computer Science&Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingPeople's Republic of China

Human–robot interface(HRI)electronics are critical for realizing robotic ***,we report graphene-based dual-function acoustic transducers for machine learning-assisted human–robot interfaces(GHRI).The GHRI functions both an artificial ear through the triboelectric acoustic sensing mechanism and an artificial mouth through the thermoacoustic sound emission *** success of the integrated device is also attributed to the multifunctional laser-induced graphene,as either triboelectric materials,electrodes,or thermoacoustic *** systematically optimizing the structure parameters,the GHRI achieves high sensitivity(4500 mV Pa^(–1))and operating durability(1000000 cycles and 60 days),capable of recognizing speech identities,emotions,content,and other information in the human *** the assistance of machine learning,30 speech categories are trained by a convolutional neural network,and the accuracy reaches 99.66%and 96.63%in training datasets and test ***,GHRI is used for artificial intelligence communication based on recognized speech *** work shows broad prospects for the development of robotic intelligence.

关键词： human-robot interface laser-induced graphene machine learning thermoacoustic triboelectric nanogenerator

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Efficient and Revocable Anonymous Account Guarantee system Based on Blockchain 19th

Efficient and Revocable Anonymous Account Guarantee System ...

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19th EAI International Conference on Collaborative computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, CollaborateCom 2023

作者： Liang, Weiyou Wang, Yujue Ding, Yong Liang, Hai Yang, Changsong Wang, Huiyong Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University Hangzhou China School of Mathematics and Computing Science GuilinUniversity of Electronic Technology Guilin China Institute of Cyberspace Technology HKCT Institute for Higher Education Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9783031545207

The fast expansion of information technology and public concern for personal privacy and security have raised expectations for the authentication process. Although existing anonymous authentication schemes can achieve anonymous authentication and accountability, they all require users to apply for certificates from the authorization authority, resulting in a significant certificate storage overhead for the authority. Additionally, they have not implemented certificate revocation for anonymous users, which allows malicious users to potentially engage in malicious behavior. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient and revocable anonymous account guarantee system based on blockchain (ERAAS). The system implements a guarantor mechanism where anonymous users can authenticate their identities through the guarantees provided by guarantors without the need to apply for certificates, reducing the storage overhead of certificates. Furthermore, the system utilizes cryptographic accumulators to enable fast revocation of accounts, preventing malicious users from engaging in further malicious behavior. Moreover, in this system, the certificate authority (CA) can enhance the system’s ability to handle concurrent requests by allocating group keys to the registration authority (RA), authorizing them to register guarantors and sign guarantees. Security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme enjoys anonymity, traceability, and revocability and can resist forgery attacks. The experimental comparison demonstrates its practicality. © ICST Institute for computer sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2024.

关键词： Authentication

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StreamFP: Learnable Fingerprint-guided Data Selection for Efficient Stream Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shi, Tongjun Zhang, Shuhao Chen, Binbin He, Bingsheng National Engineering Research Center for Big DataTechnology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore

Stream Learning (SL) requires models that can quickly adapt to continuously evolving data, posing significant challenges in both computational efficiency and learning accuracy. Effective data selection is critical in SL to ensure a balance between information retention and training efficiency. Traditional rule-based data selection methods struggle to accommodate the dynamic nature of streaming data, highlighting the necessity for innovative solutions that effectively address these challenges. Recent approaches to handling changing data distributions face challenges that limit their effectiveness in fast-paced environments. In response, we propose StreamFP, a novel approach that uniquely employs dynamic, learnable parameters called fingerprints to enhance data selection efficiency and adaptability in stream learning. StreamFP optimizes coreset selection through its unique fingerprint-guided mechanism for efficient training while ensuring robust buffer updates that adaptively respond to data dynamics, setting it apart from existing methods in stream learning. Experimental results demonstrate that StreamFP outperforms state-of-the-art methods by achieving accuracy improvements of 15.99%, 29.65%, and 51.24% compared to baseline models across varying data arrival rates, alongside a training throughput increase of 4.6x. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Data accuracy

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Optical spatiotemporal vortices

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eLight 2023年第1期3卷 156-168页

作者： Chenhao Wan Andy Chong Qiwen Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina Department of Physics Pusan National UniversityGeumjeong-GuBusan 46241South Korea Zhangjiang Laboratory 100 Haike RoadShanghai 201204China Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Spatiotemporal vortices of light,featuring transverse orbital angular momentum(OAM)and energy circulation in the spatiotemporal domain,have received increasing attention *** experimental realization of the controllable generation of spatiotemporal vortices triggers a series of research in this *** review article covers the latest developments of spatiotemporal vortices of light ranging from theoretical physics,experimental generation schemes,and characterization methods,to applications and future *** new degree of freedom in photonic OAM endowed by spatiotemporal vortices paves the way to the discovery of novel physical mechanisms and photonic applications in light science.

关键词： Spatiotemporal optical vortex Orbital angular momentum Spin-orbit interaction Linear momentum density Toroidal vortex Topological charge

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