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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Mengqian Ding Jun Liu Yang Luo School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

The relatively simple genome, short life cycle, and easy observation of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) make it an excellent model organism for aging research. Age-stage prediction of C. elegans can help to assess the effectiveness of anti-aging interventions, better explore the role of individual differences in the aging process, and thus promote the development of medicine. However, there are still some problems in accurately predicting the age stages of C. elegans. On the one hand, there may be individual differences among C. elegans due to natural variation and environmental factors. On the other hand, nematode data sets are scarce and image information is complex. In this paper, we perform the age prediction task by studying the body contour morphology, biomarkers, and internal organ changes of C. elegans. Specifically, to address the effects of individual differences and datasets, this paper combines the body contour features, protein aggregation features, and pharyngeal terminal bulb features of C. elegans. In addition, considering the complex information of C. elegans images, this paper proposes a hybrid CNN and Transformer feature extraction method (DFCT), which can fully extract the global and local features of the image. A Dual Path Adaptive Feature Fusion Module (DAFM) is used to fuse the features. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and precision, especially in dividing 25 age stages into 3 categories, with an accuracy of 85.93%.

关键词： Proteins Hands Accuracy Estimation Biomarkers Aging Feature extraction Transformers Pharynx Biomedical imaging

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A Lightweight and Key Escrow-Free Access Control Scheme on Encrypted Data in Edge computing

A Lightweight and Key Escrow-Free Access Control Scheme on E...

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International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD)

作者： Heng He Yuejia Chen Jianfeng Lu Jiacheng Zheng School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798331511074

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511081

Attribute-based encryption provides fine-grained access control, ensuring data security in edge computing. However, existing access control schemes face issues such as high computational complexity due to bilinear pairing and key escrow with a single authority, which limit their effectiveness for lightweight terminal devices. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight and key escrow-free access control scheme on encrypted data. This scheme replaces bilinear pairing with fast elliptic curve scalar multiplication, transferring most computational tasks to edge servers while preserving privacy, thus alleviating the computational burden on terminal devices. Additionally, we design a blockchain-based distributed key management method that allows multiple edge servers to distribute private keys collaboratively, resolving the key-escrow issue. Security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that our scheme effectively ensures data confidentiality, resists collusion attacks, and achieves high computational efficiency on the user side with low storage overheads, making it highly suitable for lightweight devices in edge computing.

关键词： Access control Performance evaluation Privacy Elliptic curves Process control Transforms Resists Encryption Servers Edge computing

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MAML MOT: Multiple Object Tracking Based on Meta-Learning

MAML MOT: Multiple Object Tracking Based on Meta-Learning

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Jiayi Chen Chunhua Deng School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781665410205

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410212

With the advancement of video analysis technology, the multi-object tracking (MOT) problem in complex scenes involving pedestrians is gaining increasing importance. This challenge primarily involves two key tasks: pedestrian detection and re-identification. While significant progress has been achieved in pedestrian detection tasks in recent years, enhancing the effectiveness of re-identification tasks remains a persistent challenge. This difficulty arises from the large total number of pedestrian samples in multi-object tracking datasets and the scarcity of individual instance samples. Motivated by recent rapid advancements in meta-learning techniques, we introduce MAML MOT, a meta-learning-based training approach for multi-object tracking. This approach leverages the rapid learning capability of meta-learning to tackle the issue of sample scarcity in pedestrian re-identification tasks, aiming to improve the model's generalization performance and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy on mainstream datasets in the MOT Challenge. This offers new perspectives and solutions for research in the field of pedestrian multi-object tracking.

关键词： Metalearning Training Pedestrians Accuracy Robustness Object tracking Optimization Cybernetics

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DHCT-DT: Dual-branch Hybrid CNN-Transformer Combined with Dual-Teacher Semi-Supervised Network for Kidney Ultrasound Image Segmentation

DHCT-DT: Dual-branch Hybrid CNN-Transformer Combined with Du...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Yang Luo Jun Liu Mengqian Ding School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781665410205

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410212

Accurate segmentation of kidney ultrasound (KUS) images is of great significance for the diagnosis of kidney diseases. However, KUS images have challenges such as low contrast, large size variations, and acoustic shadow interference. In addition, obtaining labeled data is a major challenge in the field of medical image segmentation. This paper proposes a dual-branch hybrid CNN Transformer combined with a dual teacher semi-supervised segmentation network (DHCT-DT) based on the MT model. The reliability of guidance can be improved between two teachers by constructing consistency regularization constraints. The U-Net architecture is employed between the main teacher and student model. The auxiliary teacher model adopts a dual-branch hybrid CNN Transformer architecture. The multi-scale channel fusion attention mechanism (MSCF) is introduced to capture the feature correlation information of KUS images at different scales and channels. Two different training methods can combine their advantages to fully extract local and global information from images. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, experiments were conducted on two datasets: a KUS dataset and a breast ultrasound (BUS) dataset. Both datasets demonstrated the most competitive segmentation performance. For example, in a semi-supervised experiment using only 10% labeled data in the BUS dataset, the Dice coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, HD, and ASSD reached 82.28%, 76,36%, 13.36mm, and 3.71mm.

关键词： Training Image segmentation Ultrasonic imaging Attention mechanisms Accuracy Predictive models Network architecture Transformers Reliability Kidney

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APSeg: Auto-Prompt Network for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Weizhao Zhang, Yang Zhuo, Wei Shen, Linlin Yang, Jiaqi Deng, Songhe Sun, Liang Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China School of Computer Science University of Nottingham China

Few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) endeavors to segment unseen classes with only a few labeled samples. Current FSS methods are commonly built on the assumption that their training and application scenarios share similar domains, and their performances degrade significantly while applied to a distinct domain. To this end, we propose to leverage the cutting-edge foundation model, the Segment Anything Model (SAM), for generalization enhancement. The SAM however performs unsatisfactorily on domains that are distinct from its training data, which primarily comprise natural scene images, and it does not support automatic segmentation of specific semantics due to its interactive prompting mechanism. In our work, we introduce APSeg, a novel auto-prompt network for cross-domain few-shot semantic segmentation (CD-FSS), which is designed to be auto-prompted for guiding cross-domain segmentation. Specifically, we propose a Dual Prototype Anchor Transformation (DPAT) module that fuses pseudo query prototypes extracted based on cycle-consistency with support prototypes, allowing features to be transformed into a more stable domain-agnostic space. Additionally, a Meta Prompt Generator (MPG) module is introduced to automatically generate prompt embeddings, eliminating the need for manual visual prompts. We build an efficient model which can be applied directly to target domains without fine-tuning. Extensive experiments on four cross-domain datasets show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art CD-FSS method by 5.24% and 3.10% in average accuracy on 1-shot and 5-shot settings, respectively. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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CAT: a coarse-to-fine attention tree for semantic change detection

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Visual Intelligence 2023年第1期1卷 1-12页

作者： Wei, Xiu-Shen Xu, Yu-Yan Zhang, Chen-Lin Xia, Gui-Song Peng, Yu-Xin School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Xi’an China Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security Nanjing China 4Paradigm Inc Beijing China School of Computer Science and Institute of Artificial Intelligence Wuhan University Wuhan China Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology Peking University Beijing China

Semantic change detection (SCD) and land cover mapping (LCM) are always treated as a dual task in the field of remote sensing. However, due to diverse real-world scenarios, many SCD categories are not easy to be clearly recognized, such as “water-vegetation” and “water-tree”, which can be regarded as fine-grained differences. In addition, even a single LCM category is usually difficult to define. For instance, some “vegetation” categories with litter vegetation coverage are easily confused with the general “ground” category. SCD/LCM becomes challenging under both challenges of its fine-grained nature and label ambiguity. In this paper, we tackle the SCD and LCM tasks simultaneously by proposing a coarse-to-fine attention tree (CAT) model. Specifically, it consists of an encoder, a decoder and a coarse-to-fine attention tree module. The encoder-decoder structure extracts the high-level features from input multi-temporal images first and then reconstructs them to return SCD and LCM predictions. Our coarse-to-fine attention tree, on the one hand, utilizes the tree structure to better model a hierarchy of categories by predicting the coarse-grained labels first and then predicting the fine-grained labels later. On the other hand, it applies the attention mechanism to capture discriminative pixel regions. Furthermore, to address label ambiguity in SCD/LCM, we also equip a label distribution learning loss upon our model. Experiments on the large-scale SECOND dataset justify that the proposed CAT model outperforms state-of-the-art models. Moreover, various ablation studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of tailored designs in the CAT model for solving semantic change detection problems. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： Attention tree Coarse-to-fine Fine-grained recognition Label ambiguity Semantic change detection

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A FRAMEWORK FOR INFERENCE INSPIRED BY HUMAN MEMORY MECHANISMS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zeng, Xiangyu Lin, Jie Hu, Piao Huang, Ruizheng Zhang, Zhicheng Laboratory of Intelligent Collaborative Computing School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

How humans and machines make sense of current inputs for relation reasoning and question-answering while putting the perceived information into context of our past memories, has been a challenging conundrum in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Inspired by human brain's memory system and cognitive architectures, we propose a PMI framework that consists of perception, memory and inference components. Notably, the memory module comprises working and long-term memory, with the latter endowed with a higher-order structure to retain extensive and complex relational knowledge and experience. Through a differentiable competitive write access, current perceptions update working memory, which is later merged with long-term memory via outer product associations, reducing information conflicts and averting memory overflow. In the inference module, relevant information is retrieved from two separate memory origins and associatively integrated to attain a more comprehensive and precise interpretation of current perceptions. We exploratively apply our PMI to improve prevailing Transformers and CNN models on question-answering tasks like bAbI-20k and Sort-of-CLEVR datasets, as well as detecting equilateral triangles, language modeling and image classification tasks, and in each case, our PMI enhancements consistently outshine their original counterparts significantly. Visualization analyses reveal that relational memory consolidation, along with the interaction and integration of information from diverse memory sources, substantially contributes to the model effectiveness on inference tasks. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Harnessing Light Field Angular Cues and Spatial Geometries for Semantic Segmentation

Harnessing Light Field Angular Cues and Spatial Geometries f...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Chen Jia Fan Shi Xu Cheng School of Computer Science and Engineering The Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System (Ministry of Education) The Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

4D light field imaging captures rich spatial-angular information, providing essential geometric cues for semantic segmentation tasks. In this paper, we introduce a novel backbone network called the Light Field Extraction Interaction Network (LFEI-Net). LFEI-Net excels in extracting global structures and multi-scale spatial-angular features, capturing feature dependencies through channel modeling and diverse feature interactions. Unlike traditional methods that depend on pyramid and dilated feature extraction, LFEI-Net pioneers an efficient method by integrating large-scale horizontal depth-wise convolution (HDWC) and vertical depth-wise convolution (VDWC) with interactive operations for comprehensive spatial multi-scale feature extraction. Furthermore, we present the Multi-Angular Modeling (MAM) module, which effectively captures scene angle variations from multiple perspectives and precisely delineates object boundaries, thereby improving model adaptability. Our experimental evaluations on two datasets demonstrate that LFEI-Net significantly outperforms state-ofthe-art (SOTA) 2D and 4D light field semantic segmentation methods, achieving mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 83.72% and 86.88%, respectively.

关键词： Geometry Adaptation models Convolution Semantic segmentation Imaging Feature extraction Light fields Acoustics Speech processing

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Domain Adaptation for Large-Vocabulary Object Detectors 38

Domain Adaptation for Large-Vocabulary Object Detectors

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Jiang, Kai Huang, Jiaxing Xie, Weiying Lei, Jie Li, Yunsong Shao, Ling Lu, Shijian State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Xi'an710071 China S-Lab School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Data Engineering The University of Technology Sydney Australia UCAS-Terminus AI Lab University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Large-vocabulary object detectors (LVDs) aim to detect objects of many categories, which learn super objectness features and can locate objects accurately while applied to various downstream data. However, LVDs often struggle in recognizing the located objects due to domain discrepancy in data distribution and object vocabulary. At the other end, recent vision-language foundation models such as CLIP demonstrate superior open-vocabulary recognition capability. This paper presents KGD, a Knowledge Graph Distillation technique that exploits the implicit knowledge graphs (KG) in CLIP for effectively adapting LVDs to various downstream domains. KGD consists of two consecutive stages: 1) KG extraction that employs CLIP to encode downstream domain data as nodes and their feature distances as edges, constructing KG that inherits the rich semantic relations in CLIP explicitly;and 2) KG encapsulation that transfers the extracted KG into LVDs to enable accurate cross-domain object classification. In addition, KGD can extract both visual and textual KG independently, providing complementary vision and language knowledge for object localization and object classification in detection tasks over various downstream domains. Experiments over multiple widely adopted detection benchmarks show that KGD outperforms the state-of-the-art consistently by large margins. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Find the Bad Apples: An efficient method for perfect key recovery under imperfect SCA oracles – A case study of Kyber

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Sys...

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IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded systems 2022年第1期2023卷 89-112页

作者： Shen, Muyan Cheng, Chi Zhang, Xiaohan Guo, Qian Jiang, Tao Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Xian China Lund University Lund Sweden Research Center of 6G Mobile Communications School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Side-channel resilience is a crucial feature when assessing whether a post-quantum cryptographic proposal is sufficiently mature to be deployed. In this paper, we propose a generic and efficient adaptive approach to improve the sample complexity (i.e., the required number of traces) of plaintext-checking (PC) oracle-based side-channel attacks (SCAs), a major class of key recovery chosen-ciphertext SCAs on lattice-based key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs). This new approach is preferable when the constructed PC oracle is imperfect, which is common in practice, and its basic idea is to design new detection codes that can determine erroneous positions in the initially recovered secret key. These secret entries are further corrected with a small number of additional traces. This work benefits from the generality of PC oracle and thus is applicable to various schemes and implementations. Our main target is Kyber since it has been selected by NIST as the KEM algorithm for standardization. We instantiated the proposed generic attack on Kyber512 and then conducted extensive computer simulations against Kyber512 and FireSaber. We further mounted an electromagnetic (EM) attack against an optimized implementation of Kyber512 in the pqm4 library running on an STM32F407G board with an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. These simulations and real-world experiments demonstrate that the newly proposed attack could greatly improve the state-of-the-art in terms of the required number of traces. For instance, the new attack requires only 41% of the EM traces needed in a majority-voting attack in our experiments, where the raw oracle accuracy is fixed. © 2022, Ruhr-University of Bochum. All rights reserved.

关键词： Standardization

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