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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN Dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

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AsT: An Asymmetric-Sensitive Transformer for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Detection 37

AsT: An Asymmetric-Sensitive Transformer for Osteonecrosis o...

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37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2023

作者： Chen, Haoyang Liu, Shuai Lu, Feng Li, Wei Sheng, Bin Li, Mi Jin, Hai Zomaya, Albert Y. National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing School of Computer Science The University of Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781577358800

Early diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) can inhibit the progression and improve femoral head preservation. The radiograph difference between early ONFH and healthy ones is not apparent to the naked eye. It is also hard to produce a large dataset to train the classification model. In this paper, we propose Asymmetric-Sensitive Transformer (AsT) to capture the uneven development of the bilateral femoral head to enable robust ONFH detection. Our ONFH detection is realized using the self-attention mechanism to femoral head regions while conferring sensitivity to the uneven development by the attention-shared transformer. The real-world experiment studies show that AsT achieves the best performance of AUC 0.9313 in the early diagnosis of ONFH and can find out misdiagnosis cases firmly. Copyright © 2023, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Large dataset

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Efficient Spatio-Temporal Out-of-Distribution Detection for Autonomous systems 4

Efficient Spatio-Temporal Out-of-Distribution Detection for ...

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4th International Conference on Intelligent technology and Embedded systems, ICITES 2024

作者： Ren, Jiankang Li, Simeng Li, Yong Yang, Xin Liu, Lin Li, Shengyu Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian China Dalian University of Technology Key Laboratory of Social Computing and Cognitive Intelligence Dalian China Xinjiang Normal University School of Computer Science and Technology Xinjiang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506292

Learning-enabled components (LECs) are increasingly deployed in autonomous systems to provide adaptive and intelligent decision making in a complex dynamic environment. However, most LECs are typically data-driven, and they may exhibit erroneous predictions impacting system safety when there are some distribution shifts between real testing scenarios and training scenarios. In this paper, we introduce an efficient spatio-temporal Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection scheme for time-series data to improve the detection performance and robustness over the state-of-the-art. Specifically, the optical flow method is employed to extract the spatio-temporal features in the high-dimensional time series data, and the extracted spatio-temporal optical flow features are encoded with the variational autoencoder to obtain input manifold for the OOD detection. Moreover, we proposed a martingale-based inductive conformal anomaly detection method to achieve lower bounded false alarms owing to the statistical foundation and robustness characteristic of martingale. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the existing methods in terms of detection capability and robustness. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： autonomous systems satety Out-of-Distribution detection time-series data

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PipeEdge: A Trusted Pipelining Collaborative Edge Training based on Blockchain 23

PipeEdge: A Trusted Pipelining Collaborative Edge Training b...

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2023 World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Yuan, Liang He, Qiang Chen, Feifei Dou, Ruihan Jin, Hai Yang, Yun School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of Technology Australia School of Information Technology Deakin University Australia Faculty of Mathematics University of Waterloo Canada National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394161

Powered by the massive data generated by the blossom of mobile and Web-of-Things (WoT) devices, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have developed both in accuracy and size in recent years. Conventional cloud-based DNN training incurs rapidly-increasing data and model transmission overheads as well as privacy issues. Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a promising solution by facilitating DNN model training on edge servers at the network edge. However, edge servers often suffer from constrained resources and need to collaborate on DNN training. Unfortunately, managed by different telecoms, edge servers cannot properly collaborate with each other without incentives and trust. In this paper, we introduce PipeEdge, a scheme that promotes collaborative edge training between edge servers by introducing incentives and trust based on blockchain. Under the PipeEdge scheme, edge servers can hire trustworthy workers for pipelined DNN training tasks based on model parallelism. We implement PipeEdge and evaluate it comprehensively with four different DNN models. The results show that it outperforms state-of-the-art schemes by up to 173.98% with negligible overheads. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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A Novel Teaching Strategy Based on EduCoder Platform for C Programming Language 5th

A Novel Teaching Strategy Based on EduCoder Platform for C P...

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5th International Conference on computer science and Educational Informatization, CSEI 2023

作者： Li, Wei Hei, Xinhong Wang, Lei Wang, Yichuan School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819994915

Experimental teaching is an important part of the C programming language course, which aims to cultivate students’ Computational thinking ability, problem solving ability and programming ability. However, the existing experimental teaching mode of the C programming language course has been criticized mainly for their: 1) it is difficult for teachers to check all students’ programs within a limited time;2) Limited computer room capacity, fixed time, and other factors make it difficult to meet the personalized requirements of students. In this paper, we put forward the construction scheme of experimental teaching of the C programming language course based on the EduCoder platform, which alleviates all the above two problems. The scheme follows the fundamental law of engineering practice ability training and constructs a LDEI practice teaching closed loop of "learning (L), doing (D), evaluation (E) and improvement (I)". Through specific cases, this paper elaborates the implementation process of this scheme in the experimental teaching of the C programming language course. Finally, a survey are conducted on 64 students from computer science and technology majors. The survey results show that the designed scheme effectively enhances the students’ Computational thinking ability and programming ability. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Students

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Super-resolution reconstruction of single image for latent features

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第6期10卷 1219-1239页

作者： Xin Wang Jing-Ke Yan Jing-Ye Cai Jian-Hua Deng Qin Qin Yao Cheng School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610000 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610000China School of Marine Engineering Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541000China School of Computer and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541000China

Single-image super-resolution(SISR)typically focuses on restoring various degraded low-resolution(LR)images to a single high-resolution(HR)***,during SISR tasks,it is often challenging for models to simultaneously maintain high quality and rapid sampling while preserving diversity in details and texture *** challenge can lead to issues such as model collapse,lack of rich details and texture features in the reconstructed HR images,and excessive time consumption for model *** address these problems,this paper proposes a Latent Feature-oriented Diffusion Probability Model(LDDPM).First,we designed a conditional encoder capable of effectively encoding LR images,reducing the solution space for model image reconstruction and thereby improving the quality of the reconstructed *** then employed a normalized flow and multimodal adversarial training,learning from complex multimodal distributions,to model the denoising *** so boosts the generative modeling capabilities within a minimal number of sampling *** comparisons of our proposed model with existing SISR methods on mainstream datasets demonstrate that our model reconstructs more realistic HR images and achieves better performance on multiple evaluation metrics,providing a fresh perspective for tackling SISR tasks.

关键词： image superresolution reconstruction denoising diffusion probabilistic model normalized flow adversarial neural network variational auto-encoder

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On the Effectiveness of Function-Level Vulnerability Detectors for Inter-Procedural Vulnerabilities 24

On the Effectiveness of Function-Level Vulnerability Detecto...

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Li, Zhen Wang, Ning Zou, Deqing Li, Yating Zhang, Ruqian Xu, Shouhuai Zhang, Chao Jin, Hai Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hong Kong Jin YinHu Laboratory Wuhan China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China University of Colorado Colorado Springs Department of Computer Science Colorado Springs Colorado United States Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

Software vulnerabilities are a major cyber threat and it is important to detect them. One important approach to detecting vulnerabilities is to use deep learning while treating a program function as a whole, known as function-level vulnerability detectors. However, the limitation of this approach is not understood. In this paper, we investigate its limitation in detecting one class of vulnerabilities known as inter-procedural vulnerabilities, where the to-be-patched statements and the vulnerability-triggering statements belong to different functions. For this purpose, we create the first Inter -Procedural Vulnerability Dataset (InterPVD) based on C/C++ open-source software, and we propose a tool dubbed VulTrigger for identifying vulnerability-triggering statements across functions. Experimental results show that VulTrigger can effectively identify vulnerability-triggering statements and inter-procedural vulnerabilities. Our findings include: (i) inter-procedural vulnerabilities are prevalent with an average of 2.8 inter-procedural layers;and (ii) function-level vulner-ability detectors are much less effective in detecting to-be-patched functions of inter-procedural vulnerabilities than detecting their counterparts of intra-procedural vulnerabilities. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Open source software

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Event-Triggered Cooperative Tracking Control of Multiagent systems with a Dynamic Leader via Approximate Dynamic Programming

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第6期5卷 2752-2765页

作者： Fu, Hao He, Haodong Chen, Yang Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System The School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Wuhan University of Science and Technology Eng. Res. Center for Metallurgical Automation and Measurement Technology of Ministry of Education Wuhan430081 China

This article investigates the optimal cooperative tracking control problem for unknown nonlinear multiagent systems with a real dynamic leader and uncertainties. Its main difficulty lies in eliminating effect of the unmatched uncertainty and noncooperation in the event-triggered manner. To overcome this difficulty, a distributed robust event-triggered control algorithm is developed with the aid of a disturbance observer and robust approximate dynamic programming (ADP). Specifically, this problem is converted into a cooperative multiplayer game for the distributed auxiliary systems employing observer-based feedforward compensation, which contributes to reducing conservatism;via an adaptive event-triggered mechanism and a new weight tuning law, a distributed robust ADP approach is proposed with hope to obviate judging the existence of the saddle point beforehand. Moreover, the local neighbor tracking error and the weight estimation error are demonstrated to be uniformly ultimately bounded by means of Lyapunov stability theory. We also prove that Zeno behavior is excluded. A comparative simulation example for multiquadrotor systems is carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of our algorithm. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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Hardware Acceleration for SLAM in Mobile systems

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Journal of computer science & technology 2023年第6期38卷 1300-1322页

作者：樊哲郝一帆支天郭崎杜子东 State Key Laboratory of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Cambricon Technologies Beijing 100191China

The emerging mobile robot industry has spurred a flurry of interest in solving the simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)***,existing SLAM platforms have difficulty in meeting the real-time and low-pow-er requirements imposed by mobile *** specialized hardware is promising with regard to achieving high per-formance and lowering the power,designing an efficient accelerator for SLAM is severely hindered by a wide variety of SLAM *** on our detailed analysis of representative SLAM algorithms,we observe that SLAM algorithms advance two challenges for designing efficient hardware accelerators:the large number of computational primitives and ir-regular control *** address these two challenges,we propose a hardware accelerator that features composable com-putation units classified as the matrix,vector,scalar,and control *** addition,we design a hierarchical instruction set for coping with a broad range of SLAM algorithms with irregular control *** results show that,com-pared against an Intel x86 processor,on average,our accelerator with the area of 7.41 mm^(2) achieves 10.52x and 112.62x better performance and energy savings,respectively,across different *** against a more energy-efficient ARM Cortex processor,our accelerator still achieves 33.03x and 62.64x better performance and energy savings,respec-tively.

关键词： hardware accelerator instruction set mobile system simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithm

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ResPocket: A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Method for Improving Protein Binding Site Detection

ResPocket: A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Method for Improving...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Lin, Xiaoli Yang, Wenli Chen, Yaoyu Liao, Xiongwei Wu, Zimo Zhang, Xiaolong Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System School of Computer Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

Accurate detection of protein binding sites is critical for facilitating drug design. Most existing models rely on features at a single scale, leading to the loss of crucial global or local structural information. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel 3D model (ResPocket), to fully capture the multi-scale features of proteins. First, Residual Block (ResB) based on U-Net is used to capture features from different scales, including global and local structural information. Then, an Enhanced Attention Module (EAM) is designed to encode semantic dependencies by effectively capturing global context information. In addition, ResPocket focuses on learning local information about protein pockets with Self-Guided Mask Block (SGMB), to increase the robustness of the overall model and reduce its dependence on external mask guidance. Experimental results show that ResPocket improves by an average of 4.89% on DCA Top-n, by an average of 1.48% and 2.25% on DCC and DVO metrics, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Binding sites

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