Blockchain has recently emerged as a research trend,with potential applications in a broad range of industries and *** particular successful Blockchain technology is smart contract,which is widely used in commercial s...
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Blockchain has recently emerged as a research trend,with potential applications in a broad range of industries and *** particular successful Blockchain technology is smart contract,which is widely used in commercial settings(e.g.,high value financial transactions).This,however,has security implications due to the potential to financially benefit from a security incident(e.g.,identification and exploitation of a vulnerability in the smart contract or its implementation).Among,Ethereum is the most active and ***,in this paper,we systematically review existing research efforts on Ethereum smart contract security,published between 2015 and ***,we focus on how smart contracts can be maliciously exploited and targeted,such as security issues of contract program model,vulnerabilities in the program and safety consideration introduced by program execution *** also identify potential research opportunities and future research agenda.
Current ethical debates on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care treat AI as a product of technology in three ways. First, by assessing risks and potential benefits of currently developed AI-enabled p...
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Current ethical debates on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care treat AI as a product of technology in three ways. First, by assessing risks and potential benefits of currently developed AI-enabled products with ethical checklists;second, by proposing ex ante lists of ethical values seen as relevant for the design and development of assisting technology, and third, by promoting AI technology to use moral reasoning as part of the automation process. The dominance of these three perspectives in the discourse is demonstrated by a brief summary of the literature and by findings our own expert interviews regarding their views on intelligent assistive technology in dementia care which is a particular focus of our approach. Subsequently, we propose a fourth approach to AI, namely as a methodological tool to assist ethical reflection. We provide a concept of an AI-simulation informed by three separate elements: 1) stochastic human behavior models based on behavioral data for simulating realistic settings, 2) qualitative empirical data on value statements regarding internal policy, and 3) visualization components that aid in understanding the impact of changes in these variables. The potential of this approach is to inform an interdisciplinary field about anticipated ethical challenges or ethical trade-offs in concrete settings and, hence, to spark a re-evaluation of design and implementation plans. This may be particularly useful for applications that deal with extremely complex values and behavior or with limitations on the communication resources of affected persons (e.g., persons with dementia care or for care of persons with cognitive impairment). Simulation does not replace ethical reflection but does allow for detailed, context-sensitive analysis during the design process and prior to implementation. Finally, we discuss the inherently quantitative methods of analysis afforded by stochastic simulations as well as the potential for ethical discussions
Existing smart contract vulnerability identification approaches mainly focus on complete program detection. Consequently, lots of known potentially vulnerable locations need manual verification, which is energy-exhaus...
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Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat in the medical field. Machine learning has enabled in-depth analysis of rich multi-omics profiles and medical imaging for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. De...
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For increasingly complex communication demands of large-scale AI communication systems, the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) better caters to demands but also raises concerns about resource scarcity and div...
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For increasingly complex communication demands of large-scale AI communication systems, the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) better caters to demands but also raises concerns about resource scarcity and diversity. This paper innovatively combines Graph Pointer Neural Networks (GPNN) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enhance resource allocation efficiency. The method leverages the advantages of GPNN in handling graph data and RL in optimizing decisions in dynamic environments. It also targets the optimization goal of maximizing resource allocation while minimizing deployment latency. This paper begins by modeling SAGIN and elucidating the SAGIN logical architecture based on Software-defined Networking (SDN). Subsequently, it introduces an SFC deployment algorithm aimed at joint optimization of resource allocation and latency. The algorithm leverages GPNN and RL to deploy virtual nodes and links, with the goal of optimizing resource allocation and deployment latency. Experiment findings conclusively demonstrate that the efficacy of proposed algorithm in effectively weighing limited heterogeneous resources and minimum mapping delay. Notably, when compared to three other SFC mapping algorithms MLRL, NFVdeep, and RL, the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms them, with an average improvement of 10.17% in long-term average reward/cost, 11.21% in link resource utilization ratio, 15.34% in node resource utilization ratio, and 16.38% in acceptance ratio.
This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of he...
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BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform with the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron tracing. We gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species that is r...
BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform with the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron tracing. We gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species that is representative of the data obtained in many neuroscience laboratories interested in neuron tracing. Here, we report generated gold standard manual annotations for a subset of the available imaging datasets and quantified tracing quality for 35 automatic tracing algorithms. The goal of generating such a hand-curated diverse dataset is to advance the development of tracing algorithms and enable generalizable benchmarking. Together with image quality features, we pooled the data in an interactive web application that enables users and developers to perform principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, correlation and clustering, visualization of imaging and tracing data, and benchmarking of automatic tracing algorithms in user-defined data subsets. The image quality metrics explain most of the variance in the data, followed by neuromorphological features related to neuron size. We observed that diverse algorithms can provide complementary information to obtain accurate results and developed a method to iteratively combine methods and generate consensus reconstructions. The consensus trees obtained provide estimates of the neuron structure ground truth that typically outperform single algorithms in noisy datasets. However, specific algorithms may outperform the consensus tree strategy in specific imaging conditions. Finally, to aid users in predicting the most accurate automatic tracing results without manual annotations for comparison, we used support vector machine regression to predict reconstruction quality given an image volume and a set of automatic tracings.
Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized...
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Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate in 2021 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clickinghere. Please be patient as it may take a few mi...
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Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the State of the Climate in 2021 is a low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clickinghere. Please be patient as it may take a few minutes for the high-resolution file to download.
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