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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Hou, Yangzhi Yang, Ying Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615445

In recent years, backdoor attack techniques on neural networks have been widely studied and researched. In this attack mode, the model implanted with a backdoor behaves normally when processing normal inputs, but once it encounters a special trigger designed by the attacker, its prediction results will be maliciously manipulated. Different backdoor attack strategies have been proposed to improve the stealth and robustness of the triggers. However, most of the existing backdoor attack strategies use fixed triggering patterns or input-independent triggering patterns, and thus are easily detected and blocked by existing defense systems. To address these limitations, we propose a backdoor attack method based on image contours. Specifically, we first use image contours as the target region for backdoor injection and fill them with specific color information to generate trigger patterns. Then, using our designed Generative Network (GN) and the Auxiliary Extraction Network (AE), the trigger patterns are covertly embedded into the images to be contaminated to generate a poisoned dataset, which contaminates the training model for the purpose of malicious attacks. Compared with traditional methods, our trigger patterns are more natural and harder to detect. Experimental results show that our proposed attack method achieves excellent performance in terms of both stealth and robustness. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Federated Learning and Parallel Prompt Scheduling Strategies for Large Language Models 24th

Federated Learning and Parallel Prompt Scheduling Strategie...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Lv, Guangtong Gu, Bruce Jia, Xiaocong Gao, Longxiang Qu, Youyang Cui, Lei Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615278

Large language models have garnered significant attention and are widely utilized across different fields due to their impressive performance. However, centralized training of these models can pose privacy risks like data leakage, hindering their application and advancement. As a decentralized learning paradigm, Federated Learning(FL) can effectively address data security in large language models and has specific application scenarios. In addition, the fine-tuning process of large language models also incurs significant communication expenses and leads to the loss of computational resources. The utilization of prompt tuning in federated learning is anticipated to decrease training costs, accelerate the training process, and enhance model performance. In this paper, we propose ‘FedLLM-PPS’ to explore a novel approach for large language models within federated learning. This method address data security concerns associated with large language models while enhancing performance and efficiency. Experiments based on several datasets for various Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks demonstrate superior performance and efficiency compared to baseline methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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Fuzzy-AttnNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Image Retrieval Using Fuzzy Feature Fusion 16

Fuzzy-AttnNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Image Retrieval...

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2024 16th International Conference on Graphics and Image Processing, ICGIP 2024

作者： Liu, Shengyu Pan, Jingshan Li, Na Hu, Tao Tian, Tangbin Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

ISBN: (数字)9781510688780

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688773

Image retrieval is the process of searching for similar images based on their visual content, which has significant applications in the field of medical imaging. Quickly retrieving similar images from a medical image database can assist doctors in rapid browsing and diagnosis. Although feature fusion-based descriptors have achieved great success in the field of image retrieval, there are relatively few cases of using fusion feature descriptors for image retrieval in the medical imaging field. To address this gap, we propose a novel feature extraction model, Fuzzy-AttnNet, aimed at enhancing the performance of medical image retrieval using fusion descriptors. The model simulates dilated convolutions and self-attention mechanisms, comprehensively modeling both local and global features of medical images and performing feature fusion. The fused descriptors are then applied to image retrieval. Additionally, Fuzzy-AttnNet employs a parallel optimization strategy using Arcface loss and Softmax loss, which increases intra-class spacing and significantly improves the model's recognition performance across different categories. In subclass classification tasks, Fuzzy-AttnNet demonstrates significant advantages, with an average precision improvement of approximately 10% and a recall increase of about 30%. The experimental results indicate that our proposed feature extraction model significantly enhances the accuracy of medical image retrieval. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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DT-UPD: User Privacy Data Protection Through Distribution Transformation in Unlearning Cloud service 24th

DT-UPD: User Privacy Data Protection Through Distribution Tr...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Sun, Shouyue Wu, Feng Zhang, Yingzhi Cui, Lei Gao, Longxiang Yu, Shui Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

Providing machine unlearning services to users in the cloud, known as Machine Unlearning as a service (MUaaS), has become a prominent privacy protection strategy. However, existing methods primarily focus on the effectiveness of the unlearning algorithm itself, while neglecting the privacy of the data users upload to the cloud for unlearning. To address this problem, we propose a distribution transformation method that maps users’ private data to a distribution (DT-UPD) that is functionally parallel and orthogonal to the original distribution. We then sample from this transformed distribution and use the sampled data instead of the original data to obtain the unlearning service. In detail, DT-UPD first employs the information bottleneck theory to extract the most relevant features for the unlearning service and then maps these features to a normal distribution. Low-dimensional features are then randomly sampled from this normal distribution and expanded into a high-dimensional space using adversarial reconstruction. This sampling and adversarial reconstruction process removes most of the information from the original private data (including unlearning-related and irrelevant information), ensuring that the final reconstructed data used for the unlearning service has a privacy protection effect. Additionally, we introduce Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) loss, which effectively avoids ‘catastrophic unlearning’ during the unlearning process. Extensive experimental results show that DT-UPD can achieve a forgetting accuracy (forget ACC) of 18.22% in the forgetting set with no more than a 6% accuracy loss in the test set. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Image Generation Method for Addressing Class Imbalance in Small-Sample Pulsar Candidates 21st

Image Generation Method for Addressing Class Imbalance in ...

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21st Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Maoyu Xu, Hai Yan, Fanfan Ding, Haoran Guo, Meng Shandong Jinan250013 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Jinan250013 China Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology Shandong Jinan250013 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601219

Pulsars, rapidly rotating neutron stars, have been crucial topics in astrophysics since their discovery. The advent of deep learning offers a novel method for the efficient classification of pulsar candidates. However, the extreme imbalance between positive and negative classes in the dataset severely affects the performance of the classification model. Therefore, a network enhancing detail perception and stability (EDPSNet) is proposed to address class imbalance. The model combines Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) with multi-scale Channel-Spatial Attention (CSA) modules and Spectral Normalization (SN). To enhance local details and global features, thereby enhancing the overall quality and detail of generated images, we introduced a self-designed CSA module. To enhance the stability of the model, SN stabilizes training and prevents mode collapse by constraining the weight matrices of the network. In addition, we proposed the Pixel Moving Segmentation (PMS) technique to address the overfitting issue in generative models caused by insufficient samples. This method expands the dataset while preserving the original features, thus increasing the sample diversity. Experimental results indicate that the EDPSNet model and PMS technique offer significant advantages in handling class imbalanced, small-sample pulsar candidate datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Pulsars

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Expressive Speech Synthesis Enhancement with Conditional Embeddings 21st

Expressive Speech Synthesis Enhancement with Conditional Em...

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21st Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2024

作者： Yan, Fanfan Zhang, Maoyu Xu, Hai Ding, Haoran Guo, Meng Shandong Jinan250013 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Jinan250013 China Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology Shandong Jinan250013 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601240

In recent years, emotional speech synthesis techniques have attracted considerable interest because of their wide-ranging potential applications. However, when confronted with datasets containing emotional attributes, speech synthesized by traditional methods frequently encounters difficulties, such as a mismatch with the text content or an unnatural expression of emotions. To solve these problems, we developed a straightforward emotional speech synthesis model. This model builds upon the VITS framework and incorporates an emotion prediction module, a prosody prediction module, and a conditional encoder. It can automatically predict emotion labels based on the input text, or manually specify emotions for precise control of emotions. Experimental outcomes indicate improved naturalness and expressiveness in synthesized speech, thus enhancing the overall audio quality. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Speech enhancement

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Modal-Centric Insights Into Multimodal Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare: A Survey 24th

Modal-Centric Insights Into Multimodal Federated Learning fo...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Wang, Di Liu, Wenjian Gao, Longxiang Qu, Y. Neil. Zhang, Hu Shi, Jihong The Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau Macau China Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Medical Integration and Practice Center Shandong University Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

Federated Learning (FL) has progressed, providing a distributed mechanism where data need not be consolidated, thereby enhancing the privacy and security of sensitive healthcare data. Recent advancements in multimodal machine learning have empowered the development of accurate and robust AI systems in the medical domain, especially within centralized database systems. Multimodal federated learning (MFL) combines federated learning’s distributed nature with the flexibility to work with various data types. This capability is particularly relevant in medical contexts, where healthcare data can range from electronic health records (EHR) to radiology imaging, genomic data, and wearable device information. The key advantage of MFL in medical settings is the ability to create robust models without centralizing sensitive patient information. However, there are no existent research to comprehensively review the application status of MFL in smart healthcare systems from the modal-centric aspect. Motivated by this, we explore the systematization of knowledge about multimodal federated learning on medical data, find the challenges of this area and related solutions. With this research, we hope to provide a systematical review of this under-explored domain and provide insights for forthcoming researchers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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Mitigating Over-Unlearning in Machine Unlearning with Synthetic Data Augmentation 24th

Mitigating Over-Unlearning in Machine Unlearning with Synt...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Wang, Baohai Qu, Youyang Gao, Longxiang Li, Conggai Li, Lin Smith, David Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Data61 Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization CanberraVIC Australia College of Business and Law Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology MelbourneVIC Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615445

In machine learning, data privacy and security has become an increasingly growing concern. The introduction of machine unlearning offers the ability to address this issue through the removal of personal and sensitive data from trained models to comply with laws, regulations, and user privacy requirements. However, despite the significant benefits of this technique, performing unlearning operations is only sometimes smooth in practice. When we attempt to remove specific data, the model may over-adjust, resulting in its performance on unlearned data. This phenomenon not only reduces the accuracy of the model on known data but also affects its ability to generalize new data, thus weakening the model’s overall performance. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the phenomenon of over-unlearning;firstly, we explore how to mitigate the effects of over-unlearning by generating synthetic data to fill in the forgotten parts, using data synthesis-based techniques. Secondly, we combine the data synthesis-based compensation strategy with model fine-tuning to further improve the model’s adaptability and generalization capability by further training the model to accommodate synthetic data. Through comprehensive experimentation, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed data synthesis-based compensation strategy. The experimental results show that the data synthesis-based compensation strategy can effectively mitigate the effects of the over-unlearning phenomenon, as well as maintaining the stability and accuracy of the model after removing specific data. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data assimilation

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Federated Meta Continual Learning for Efficient and Autonomous Edge Inference 24th

Federated Meta Continual Learning for Efficient and Autono...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Li, Bingze Ho, Stella Qu, Youyang Xu, Chenhao Luan, Tom H. Gao, Longxiang Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne VIC Melbourne Australia School of Information Technology Deakin University VIC Geelong Australia School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

With an increasing volume of data being collected and processed on edge, Federated Learning (FL) has become a dominant approach to train shared global models on distributed data held by diverse edge clients without exposing privacy. However, with expectations of high-quality user experience, instantaneous intelligent decisions must be made at the network edge to meet performance, security, and latency requirements. Intuitively, this challenge becomes more daunting as edge devices are constrained by limited computing and storage resources. Furthermore, edge clients need to continuously acquire, update, accumulate, and apply knowledge in domains requiring the processing of sensitive data and long-term model training. It has been proven that edge clients often forget previous tasks knowledge after learning new tasks, resulting in catastrophic forgetting. To mitigate this, we propose a Federated Meta Continual Learning (FMCL) approach. It requires edge clients not only to learn new tasks quickly but also to memorize rapidly. Specifically, we adopted a MAML (Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning) framework with memory replay, setting up buffers at edge clients to consolidate old tasks. In such a way, the model learns optimal initialization to quickly adapt to all seen tasks while preventing catastrophic forgetting. Extensive evaluation results indicate that FMCL performs well in alleviating catastrophic forgetting and achieves a good balance between learning new tasks and remembering existing tasks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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A Hybrid-Feature-Based Autoencoder Model for Predicting Traffic Flow to Accelerate Ambulance Medical Response Time in internet of Vehicles

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IEEE internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 11397-11407页

作者： Li, Yongmeng Tian, Yu Liu, Wenjian Gao, Longxiang Tian, Hui Xing, Lumin The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Oncology Shandong Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Surgery Shandong Jinan250014 China Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Department of Thoracic Surgery Shandong Jinan250012 China City University of Macau Faculty of Data Science China Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250014 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Jinan250000 China The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Diagnosis and Treatment of Thoracic Oncology Shandong Jinan250014 China

Traffic congestion during ambulance travel can delay medical response times. With the growing availability of traffic data, computational methods for traffic flow prediction are attracting significant attention. However, current computational prediction models have the following shortcomings. Fully connected networks require extensive feature engineering yet struggle to capture local traffic flow features. Their high parameter count increases training time and overfitting risk, while varying traffic conditions hinder model generalization. Therefore, in this work, we propose a hybrid-feature-based autoencoder (HFAE) model to predict traffic flow and accelerate ambulance medical response time in internet of Vehicles. Specifically, the HFAE model simultaneously considers local features from the convolutional neural network and global features from the fully connected neural network. Additionally, the HFAE model uses an autoencoder to reconstruct the original input, capturing the intrinsic structure of the traffic flow data. Specifically, the root mean-squared error and mean absolute error scores of the HFAE model are better than those of the three mainstream models. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Ambulances

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