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intelligent Moiré deflection tomography using physically processed deep learning

Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 23367-23375页

作者： Weihao Cheng Yunyun Chen Zhiqin Huang Zhaolou Cao Bing Tu State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Atmospheric Optoelectronic Detection and Information Fusion Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Technology of Atmosphere Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Moiré tomography is a vital technique for diagnosing high-temperature and complex flow fields. However, traditional information extraction and reconstruction methods lead to significant time and resource expenditures. In this paper, we propose a Deep Learning-based Moiré Deflection Tomography (DLMDT) method that achieves high-precision predictions of the refractive index distribution in measured flow fields while ensuring the results align closely with physical principles. A carefully designed two-step deep learning model serves as the foundation of this approach. The model's accuracy and computational efficiency are first validated through numerical simulations. Subsequently, the trained model is applied to the diagnos of real flow fields. The findings reveal that the proposed model accurately predicts the refractive index distribution of measured flow fields, exhibiting high precision and structural similarity. Compared to traditional moiré tomography, our proposed method significantly enhances the speed of high-precision diagnostics for high-temperature and complex flow fields, which provides a robust foundation for advancing the intelligent capabilities of moiré tomography.

关键词： Deep learning Digital holography Ghost imaging Numerical simulation Phase unwrapping Refractive index

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Coevolution of large language models with physical models boosts advanced battery research

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Cell Reports Physical Science 2025年第5期6卷

作者： Li, Jia-hui Hu, Yue Xia, Guangyu Mo, Wendi Li, Baorong Jia, Yingzhen Gao, Yang Xuan, Fuzhen Liu, Honglai Lian, Cheng School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Faculty of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518107 China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China College of Arts & Sciences Boston University Boston 02215 MA United States

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), deep artificial intelligence methods have begun to approach the field of scientific research. Nevertheless, the pre-trained LLMs face problems such as information fabrication and the inability to handle simulations in specific research fields, which restricts the further integration of artificial intelligence with professional scientific research. Here, we present a pioneering framework that harnesses the textual comprehension of LLMs alongside the physical models, thereby advancing the field of battery research. Our coevolution blueprint not only refines the LLMs' ability to conduct domain-specific simulations but also generates data, steering AI toward broader intelligence. The integration of LLMs and physical models provides a powerful tool for researchers, streamlining the transition from data analysis to experimental validation, and inspires more researchers to adopt this paradigm as a prototype to promote the integration between data, models, and information, innovating the research patterns in related fields. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： artificial general intelligence battery life cycle coevolution system large language models real-time simulations

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Wafer bow control of extended wavelength InGaAs photodetector materials by strain tailoring

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Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2025年 197卷

作者： Liu, Bowen Gu, Yi Yin, Lihao Huang, Huijuan Li, Kang Fan, Liuyan Zhou, Hong Chen, Pingping Yu, Chunlei Li, Tao Shao, Xiumei Li, Xue Gong, Haimei National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200083 China Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200083 China State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200083 China Wuxi Zhongke Dexin Sensing Technology Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Wuxi214135 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The wafer bow caused by lattice mismatch between metamorphic InGaAs epitaxial layer and InP substrate has become one of the key factors limiting the large-scale development of extended wavelength InGaAs focal plane array photodetectors. By introducing tensile strain in InAlAs buffer layers and InAlAs cap layer to compensate the compressive strain caused by lattice mismatch, the wafer bow was decreased from 55.9 μm to 22.2 μm. The influence of strain compensation structure on the anisotropy of metamorphic InGaAs materials was investigated by stress distribution, surface morphology, and PL uniformity. XRD and PL characterizations indicate that small tensile strain in InAlAs buffer layers did not reduce the quality of metamorphic InGaAs epitaxial material. This study shows that strain compensation is an effective method to control wafer bow and decrease anisotropy of metamorphic InGaAs materials grown on InP substrate. © 2025

关键词： Lattice mismatch

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Rotated 8QAM probabilistic shaping scheme based on DM-OFDM-IM over an underwater magnetic induction communication system

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Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 23342-23357页

作者： Jiyuan Wang Jianxin Ren Bo Liu Yaya Mao Xiumin Song Shuaidong Chen Xue Tang Lilong Zhao Rahat Ullah Institute of Optics and Electronics Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Atmospheric Optoelectronic Detection and Information Fusion Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory for Meteorological Photonics and Optoelectronic Detection Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Technology of Atmosphere Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China bo@*** Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China

This paper introduces a rotated 8QAM probabilistic shaping (PS) scheme based on dual-mode orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with index modulation (DM-OFDM-IM) over an underwater magnetic induction (MI) communication system. The key aspect of DM-OFDM-IM is its use of two distinct signal constellations to modulate the carrier signal independently. We categorize the 8QAM constellations into internal and external groups. We divide the subcarriers within the whole bit block into two groups: the index selection group and the constellation mapping group. The internal constellation transmission probability is advanced by making the index bits of the index selection group correspond to different constellation modulations' times and order. The modulation index is structured to achieve a 3:1 ratio between the internal and external constellation signals. This approach enhances the likelihood of transmitting low-energy internal signals, thereby lowering the bit error rate (BER). Comparative analysis with the constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) method reveals no significant performance differences. Additionally, constellation rotation is integrated to improve signal robustness in Rayleigh fading channels, increasing diversity gain without expanding bandwidth or power consumption. To validate the scheme’s underwater performance, a practical experiment was conducted at 15 cm water depth, transmitting DM-OFDM-IM-based PS rotated 8QAM signals over a 23 cm distance at 62.18 Kb/s. Results demonstrate that constellation rotation significantly enhances signal reliability despite its simplicity. Compared to conventional 8QAM, the proposed method extends the communication distance by 4.6 cm at a hard-decision forward error correction (FEC) bit error rate (BER) limit of 3.8 × 10 −3 . This approach achieves high performance in MI communication with low complexity and ease of implementation, positioning it as a promising solution for future short-range underwater magnet

关键词： Bit error rate Frequency division multiplexing Modulation Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Signal processing Signal transmission

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An online data-driven method for predicting crack propagation and remaining fatigue life via combining linear and nonlinear ultrasonic

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Ultrasonics 2025年 155卷 107707页

作者： Jiachen Zhou Lishuai Liu Haiming Xu Yanxun Xiang Fu-Zhen Xuan Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China Shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control Shanghai 200092 China

Ultrasonic features play a critical role in evaluating the structural integrity of metallic components, yet current approaches predominantly rely on individual ultrasonic parameters for predictive analysis. This study presents an online data-driven method that combines linear and nonlinear ultrasonic parameters through an optimized weighting function to predict crack propagation and remaining fatigue life (RFL) over the entire fatigue life from microstructural changes to macroscopic crack formation of plate structures. LSTM neural networks are employed to learn sequential features captured by various PZTs. Experimental results on 6061 aluminum plates demonstrate that the proposed method predicts crack length and RFL with average errors of 0.568 mm and 4.50 % of the total fatigue life of the structure, respectively. Comparative analysis reveals that the combined approach with the optimal weighting function outperforms predictions using individual parameters. This method shows significant robustness under varying conditions, underscoring its potential for real-time fatigue monitoring and predictive maintenance.

关键词： Fatigue crack Long short-term memory (LSTM) Remaining useful life Ultrasonic features

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Electrodeposited Co-Ni layered double hydroxide film with tunable dielectric properties for resistive switching

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054010-054010页

作者： Xiaojun Mao Yi Zhang Xi Chang Cheng Qian Yang Gao Xiaoyang Xuan Yueping Niu Shangqing Gong Min Qian School of Physics East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taishan University Taian Shandong 271000 People’s Republic of China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Shanghai 200237 People’s Republic of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials Shanghai 200237 People’s Republic of China

With the rapid development of data science, higher performance hardware, such as resistive-switching memory with alternative ultrathin materials, emerges. Although the dielectric constant is an important parameter for photoelectric devices, its tunability in a thin film is needed, a method for its measurement in an ultrathin film is lacking, and its relationship with resistive-switching behavior is rarely investigated. Here, a dielectric-property-tunable thickness-controllable continuous Co-Ni layered double hydroxide (LDH) film is achieved by bulk-phase doping of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using an electrodeposition method, and a general method for dielectric constant measurement of a thin film based on a parallel-plate capacitor is suggested. The Co-Ni LDH-PVA significantly suppresses dielectric loss by 99%, and an enhanced resistive-switching performance is achieved with an increased initial resistivity, a suppressed leakage current, a reduced set power by 79%, a data retention over 104 s, an endurance up to 200 cycles, and a synapselike capability, compared with pure LDH material. The enhanced electrical performance comes from an improved inherent trade-off of dielectric constants inside an electrodeposited LDH film that is tuned by PVA; this is supported by density-functional calculations. This work provides a reference for the selection and modification of resistive-switching materials in relation to dielectric constants.

关键词： Ultrathin films

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Superconductivity of the hybrid Ruddlesden‒Popper La5Ni3O11 single crystals under high pressure

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Mengzhu Peng, Di Fan, Kaibao Xing, Zhenfang Yang, Shaohua Wang, Yuzhu Li, Houpu Wu, Rongqi Du, Mei Ge, Binghui Zeng, Zhidan Zeng, Qiaoshi Ying, Jianjun Wu, Tao Chen, Xianhui CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly coupled Quantum Matter Physics Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230088 China Shanghai China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Shanghai China Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei China

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 under high pressure indicates that the Ruddlesden‒Popper (RP) phase nickelates Rn+1NinO3n+1 (R = rare earth) is a new material family for high-temperature superconductivity. Exploring the superconductivity of other RP or hybrid RP phase nickelates under high pressure has become an urgent and interesting issue. Here, we report a novel hybrid RP nickelate superconductor of La5Ni3O11. The hybrid RP nickelate La5Ni3O11 is formed by alternative stacking of La3Ni2O7 with n=2 and La2NiO4 with n=1 along the c axis. The transport and magnetic torque measurements indicate a density-wave transition at approximately 170 K near ambient pressure, which is highly similar to both La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10. With increasing pressure, high-pressure transport measurements reveal that the density-wave transition temperature (TDW) continuously increases to approximately 210 K with increasing pressure up to 12 GPa before the appearance of pressure-induced superconductivity, and the density-wave transition abruptly fades out in a first-order manner at approximately 12 GPa. The optimal superconductivity with Tconset = 64 K and Tczero = 54 K is achieved at approximately 21 GPa. On the other hand, high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments reveal a structural phase transition from an orthorhombic structure to a tetragonal structure at approximately 4.5 GPa. In contrast to La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10, the pressure-induced structural transition has no significant effect on either the density-wave transition or the superconductivity, suggesting a minor role of lattice degree of freedom in La5Ni3O11. The present discovery extends the superconducting member in the RP nickelate family and sheds new light on the superconducting mechanism. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： High temperature superconductors

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Anisotropic modulations of superconductivity in an isolated superconducting layer of the iron-based superconductor KCa2Fe4As4F2

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Physical Review B 2025年第14期111卷 144504-144504页

作者： Zongyuan Zhang Qing Wang Lichuan Wang Yu-bing Tu Shuai Shao Teng Wang Fan Zhang Jie Hou Xing-yuan Hou Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province Anhui University Hefei 230601 China Center of Free Electron Laser and High Magnetic Field Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei 230601 China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices High Magnetic Field Laboratory HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China Science Island Branch of Graduate School University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Iron-based superconductors exhibit multiple superconducting gaps opened in different energy bands. The debate surrounding their pairing mechanism stems from the diverse Fermi-surface topologies and orbital-dependent electronic correlations, raising questions about whether it belongs to weak-coupling scenarios or strong-coupling regimes based on short-range antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. In this paper, we present findings on angle-dependent modulations of superconductivity induced by local strains in the isolated topmost FeAs layer of KCa2Fe4As4F2. Leveraging scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we observed significant variations in the superconducting gap depending on the orientation of the strain relative to the crystal lattice. This angle-dependent suppression of pairing strength in response to tiny tensile strains defies the explanation within weak-coupling scenarios. Instead, it can be qualitatively understood by considering the strain-induced symmetry-breaking distortion of the FeAs layer. These results provide compelling evidence that antiferromagnetic exchange interactions play a critical role in achieving high-temperature superconductivity in iron-based superconductors, challenging the prevailing assumptions about the nature of the pairing mechanism.

关键词： Iron-based Superconductors

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Dual topology and versatile Rashba-split surface state configurations in 2M−WS2 and 2M−WSe2

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Physical Review B 2025年第11期111卷 115151-115151页

作者： Lixuan Xu Yuqiang Fang Fuqiang Huang Shihao Zhang Shiheng Liang Yulin Chen Lexian Yang Zhongkai Liu Nan Xu Department of Physics Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security (Hubei University) Ministry of Education Wuhan 430062 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics Shanghai 201210 China Department of Physics University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PU United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology Wuhan 430206 China

The 2M-phase transition metal dichalcogenides have recently attracted intensive research interest due to their rich topological and superconducting phase diagrams. Apart from the topological surface states of 2M−WS2 near Γ that originated from the strong topological order, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we discover additional Rashba-split states on the surfaces of both 2M−WS2 and 2M−WSe2, which extend in large momentum-energy regions. First-principles calculations well reproduce these states and attribute them to the weak topological orders. The calculations further indicate that the surface state connecting configurations are tunable under moderate pressure, suggesting that 2M−WS2 and WSe2 are promising platforms to study topological phase transition and explore topological superconductivity.

关键词： Photoacoustic spectroscopy

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Progress in silicon-based reconfigurable and programmable all-optical signal processing chips

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2025年第1期18卷 10-10页

作者： Xu, Jing Dong, Wenchan Huang, Qingzhong Zhang, Yujia Yin, Yuchen Zhao, Zhenyu Zeng, Desheng Gao, Xiaoyan Gu, Wentao Yang, Zihao Li, Hanghang Han, Xinjie Geng, Yong Zhai, Kunpeng Chen, Bei Fu, Xin Lei, Lei Wu, Xiaojun Dong, Jianji Su, Yikai Li, Ming Liu, Jianguo Zhu, Ninghua Guo, Xuhan Zhou, Heng Wen, Huashun Qiu, Kun Zhang, Xinliang Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Optics Valley Laboratory Wuhan430074 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institute of Intelligent Photonics Nankai University Tianjin300071 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China

Taking the advantage of ultrafast optical linear and nonlinear effects, all-optical signal processing (AOSP) enables manipulation, regeneration, and computing of information directly in optical domain without resorting to electronics. As a promising photonic integration platform, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has the advantage of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, low-loss, compact size as well as large optical nonlinearities. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the project granted to develop silicon-based reconfigurable AOSP chips, which aims to combine the merits of AOSP and silicon photonics to solve the unsustainable cost and energy challenges in future communication and big data applications. Three key challenges are identified in this project: (1) how to finely manipulate and reconfigure optical fields, (2) how to achieve ultra-low loss integrated silicon waveguides and significant enhancement of nonlinear effects, (3) how to mitigate crosstalk between optical, electrical and thermal components. By focusing on these key issues, the following major achievements are realized during the project. First, ultra-low loss silicon-based waveguides as well as ultra-high quality microresonators are developed by advancing key fabrication technologies as well as device structures. Integrated photonic filters with bandwidth and free spectral range reconfigurable in a wide range were realized to finely manipulate and select input light fields with a high degree of freedom. Second, several mechanisms and new designs that aim at nonlinear enhancement have been proposed, including optical ridge waveguides with reverse biased PIN junction, slot waveguides, multimode waveguides and parity-time symmetry coupled microresonators. Advanced AOSP operations are verified with these novel designs. Logical computations at 100 Gbit/s were demonstrated with self-developed, monolithic integrated programmable optical logic array. High-dimensional multi-valu

关键词： Four wave mixing

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