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Electrochemical activation of biochar and energy-saving hydrogen production by regulation of biochar-assisted water electrolysis

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2024年 300卷

作者： Gu, Xufei Ying, Zhi Zheng, Xiaoyuan Du, Yueyue Sun, Hao Chen, Xinyue Dou, Binlin Cui, Guomin Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

Biochar-assisted water electrolysis (BAWE) has the potential to reduce the electricity consumption of hydrogen production. However, prolonged electrolysis leads to over-oxidation of biochar, reduced reactivity, and decreasing hydrogen production at cathode. Herein, we proposed the electrochemical activation of biochar via limited biochar oxidation reaction (BOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in BAWE process, and the upgraded biochar was employed to remove Cr(VI). Distinct biochar was first pyrolyzed from three kinds of representative biomass components, cellulose, lignin, and their mixture at different temperatures. All of them exhibited excellent BOR activity, especially the biochar derived by the pyrolyzed cellulose and lignin at 800 degrees C (MBC-800) required a potential as low as 1.319 V vs. RHE@1 mA cm(-2) using Pt electrode in 1 M KOH and achieved a Faraday efficiency almost 100% for hydrogen production. BAWE presented an energy-saving electrical consumption of 4.98 kWh Nm(-3) H-2 compared to the conventional water electrolysis of 5.32 kWh Nm(-3) H-2. Electrochemical oxidation enriched the oxygen-containing groups on biochar surface, which significantly improved its reductivity towards Cr(VI) and complexation with Cr(III), leading to the removal rate of Cr(VI) more than doubled. Results showed the achievement of electrochemical activation of biochar by limited electrooxidation. These findings provide a new route for the high-value utilization of biochar and energy-saving electrolytic hydrogen production.

关键词： Biochar-assisted water electrolysis Hydrogen production Biochar Electrochemical activation Adsorption Cr(VI)

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Frosting characteristics and performance impact on R744 heat pump systems for electric vehicles at low ambient temperatures: An experimental approach

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2025年 266卷

作者： Li, Kang Kong, Fanyue Liu, Ni Zhang, Hua Dou, Binlin Li, Chao He, Qize Tian, Yafen Tu, Ran Mohtaram, Soheil Zhou, Xuejin Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P 516 Jun Gong Rd Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Invest Design & Res Inst Co Ltd Shanghai 200080 Peoples R China Shanghai Fire Res Inst MEM Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Coll Mech Engn & Automat Xiamen 361021 Fujian Peoples R China

With global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels, electric vehicles have emerged. Although their carbon dioxide heat pump systems are environmentally friendly, they face the problem of frosting on outdoor heat exchangers. Previous studies have mainly focused on the internal factors of heat exchangers or specific operating conditions, with limited exploration of frosting behavior in electric vehicles under complex operating conditions, especially in supercritical high-pressure environments of carbon dioxide electric vehicles. This study builds an experimental platform for a carbon dioxide electric vehicle heat pump system, using an infrared thermal imager to capture accurate data on outdoor heat exchanger temperature and frost development. Different environmental temperatures and compressor speeds are set at high humidity levels of 85-95% to study the distribution of frost layer growth in outdoor heat exchangers under different operating conditions. The study also introduced FCR to analyze the changes in heat pump performance parameters in different FCR regions. Finally, under the same environmental temperature, humidity, and speed conditions, the frosting characteristics of R744 and R134a heat pump systems were compared, and the impact of frosting on them was analyzed. The results indicate that in high humidity environments, lower ambient temperatures and higher rotational speeds increase frost coverage. When FCR exceeds 40%, the suction pressure of the compressor significantly decreases, the heating capacity of the system decreases by 26.01% to 31.08%, and the COP decreases by 21.59% to 29.69%. Regardless of the compressor speed, the COP decreases by about 21% after frosting. Under similar conditions, R134a heat exchanger has more severe frosting than R744, which has a greater impact on the suction pressure of R134a compressor. However, frosting reduces the heating capacity of both systems by about 30%.

关键词： Electric vehicles Outdoor heat exchanger Frost formation CO2 heat pump system

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Suppressing thermal stress in the vicinity of a circular nano-inhomogeneity via the mechanism of size effects

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MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS 2023年第8期28卷 1863-1876页

作者： Huang, Haojie Xing, Shichao Song, Kun Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai Peoples R China Tongling Univ Key Lab Construction Hydraul Robots Anhui Higher Educ Inst Tongling Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Mech & Power Engn 30 Puzhu South Rd Nanjing 211816 Peoples R China

Thermal stress is one of the main factors threatening the reliability of nanocomposites. In this paper, we propose a set of interfacial conditions to simulate the interfacial phonon scattering and interfacial elasticity in the nanocomposite, and then obtain closed-form solutions for the thermal-elastic fields around the circular nano-inhomogeneity. The results show that the interfacial thermal stress within matrix is more sensitive to interfacial phonon scattering than that in nano-inhomogeneity, while the size change of inhomogeneity has greater impact on the stress of nano-inhomogeneity than that of the matrix. In view of the significant effects of thermal conductivities and thermal expansion coefficients on the thermal stress around inhomogeneity, the maximum von Mises stress is reduced up to three orders of magnitude by adjusting these parameters. More importantly, the thermal stresses within matrix and inhomogeneity can be, respectively, designed as "zero" even though the nanocomposite is subjected to a large thermal loading, which is viewed as an update mechanism of "neutral inhomogeneity." Our work provides guidance for the design of nanocomposites and has important potential applications.

关键词： Thermal stress nano-inhomogeneity interfacial phonon scattering interfacial elasticity complex variable method

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A novel horizontal gas-liquid pipe separator for wet gas based on the phase-isolation

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CHEMICAL engineering RESEARCH & DESIGN 2022年 178卷 315-327页

作者： Yang, Yang Ha, Wen Zhang, Hong Zhang, Chao Wang, Ying Zhang, Xingkai Wang, Dong Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Yangtze Univ Pet Engn Coll Wuhan 430100 Peoples R China

This paper proposes a novel horizontal gas-liquid pipe separator with a compact structure based on the phase-isolation. In the separator, the gas-liquid two-phase flow is firstly isolated as a swirling annular flow by a swirler, where gas core and liquid film spiral and flow forward in parallel. Based on the flow characteristics of the swirling liquid film, a downward tangential liquid extraction channel is designed, which is tangent to the swirl trajectory of the liquid film. Then the swirling liquid film can be directly separated by falling into the downward tangential channel under the combined action of its kinetic energy and gravity. On the basis of this structure, the inner thread on the wall, different lengths of liquid extraction channel and tangential gas return channel are designed individually to study their effect on the separation efficiency. Experiments were carried out to investigate the separation performance of the separator. The results show that when the superficial velocity of gas reaches 20 m/s, the separation efficiency can be higher than 94% with the superficial velocity of liquid in a large range of 0.02-0.264 m/s. The design of inner thread is beneficial for separation when the liquid film has a certain thickness. The length of liquid extraction channel has an opposite influence on separation efficiency at low gas velocity and high gas velocity. The gas return flow channel deteriorates the separation performance for the reason that the returning gas will carry a large number of liquid droplets into the main pipe. (c) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gas-liquid two-phase flow Separation Phase-isolation Pipe separator

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Transient simulation of SO2 absorption into water in a bubbling reactor

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL engineering 2023年第9期58卷 811-824页

作者： Cai, Yuyang Wang, Zhen Liu, Dunyu Chen, Jun Jin, Jing Qin, Qi Liu, Ke Hu, Haixiang Li, Sijie Shi, Huancong Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Huzhou Inst Huzhou Peoples R China Univ Regina Clean Energy Technol Res & Innovat Ctr Regina SK Canada

A bubbling reactor is an important type of gas scrubber to reduce SO2 emissions in maritime shipping. Both experiments and simulations were conducted to study the relationship between the periodic gas bubbling process and SO2 concentration at the outlet of the reactor, and the entrainment of liquid droplets on SO2 absorption. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the bubble size, the depth of bubbles injected into the water, and the SO2 concentration obtained in both experiments and simulations. The gas bubbling process is accompanied by bubble formation, rise, and collapse. The gas bubbling period is affected by the disturbance of the liquid level. The period of the SO2 concentration at the outlet of the gas bubbling reactor is smaller than that at the gas jar outlet which acts as the gas buffering region. The amounts of water carried out of the bubbling reactor by the gas bubbling process increase with the gas flow rates. The droplets and liquid film in the gas jar and the connecting tube play an important role in the absorption of SO2. This study encourages more research to reduce the fluctuation of SO2 concentration and consider droplet entrainment in the design of bubbling reactors.

关键词： Multi-fluid VOF model bubbling reactor SO2 absorption mass transfer model periodicity of gas bubbling >

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Optimization of anode performance in the ethanol electrochemical reforming for clean hydrogen production

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021年第1期46卷 119-133页

作者： Ying, Zhi Geng, Zhen Zheng, Xiaoyuan Dou, Binlin Cui, Guomin Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

Carbon-based fuel electrochemical reforming is considered as a promising hydrogen production method. Ethanol is one of the most appropriate carbon-based fuels. In this work, anode performance, especially the flow, ethanol electro-oxidization and energy consumption in the ethanol electrochemical reforming is numerically studied and experimental verified. Take the straight serpentine channel with square cross-section as a base structure in the electrochemical cell (EC), the effects of channel geometry and operating parameters are analyzed. Another five different configurations of flow channels, as well as another three different cross-sections are designed and explored. Results indicate that at the same cross-section area, the wider channel provides the higher effective area for proton transfer, and thereby improves the electrode reactions. The appropriate decrease of inlet velocity or increase of input voltage promotes the anode reaction and reduces the pressure drop in channel, while the operating temperature has the opposite effects on ethanol conversion and pressure drop. The arc channel is found optimal considering its highest ethanol conversion, although its pressure drop is a bit higher. The sector crosssection with uniform flow field distribution is found most favorable for the straight serpentine channel considering the ethanol electro-oxidization. These findings will favor the improvement of EC. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrochemical reforming Ethanol Electrochemical cell flow channel Hydrogen

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Effect of Operation Parameters on the Thermal Characteristics in a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1974-1989页

作者： WANG Mingyuan WANG Ke WANG Yongqing CHEN Jiangshuai AN Bo TU Shantung School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Process Heat Transfer and Energy Saving of Henan Province Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety(MOE) East China University of Science&TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Effective operation strategies in the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)can adjust the spatial distribution of temperature gradient favoring the long-term *** investigate the effects of different operating conditions on the thermal behavior inside SOFC,a three-dimensional model is developed in this *** model is verified by comparing it with the experimental *** heat generation rate and its variation under different operating conditions are *** combined effects of operating voltage and gas temperature are considered to be the key factor influencing the temperature *** to the original case,the temperature of SOFC decreases by 21.4 K when the fuel velocity reaches 5 m/*** the maximum temperature gradient increases by21.2%.Meanwhile,higher fuel velocities can eliminate about 32%of the area with higher temperature *** when the oxidant velocity reaches 7.5 m/s,the peak temperature gradient effectively decreases by 16.59%.Simultaneous adjustment of the oxidant and fuel velocities can effectively reduce the peak temperature gradient and increase the safety *** effects of operation conditions on the temperature gradient of the cell are clarified in this study,which can be a reference for further research on the reliability of SOFCs.

关键词： SOFC heat generation temperature gradient distribution heat source thermal behavior

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Sustainability design and analysis of a regional energy supply CHP system by integrating biomass and solar energy

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SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2023年 41卷 228-241页

作者： Li, Zeqiu Zhu, Xinyao Huang, Xiuhui Tian, Ying Huang, Beijia Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Opt Elect & Comp Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Coll Environm & Architecture Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

A regional energy supply system integrating biomass and solar energy combined the heat and power system (RESCHP) is developed. This hybrid energy power supply system retrofits the traditional regional energy supply (RES) system by coupling a solar-driven biomass gasification system, a gas turbine system, and a solar collecting system. In order to better utilize the high temperature sensible heat of syngas, a new integrated design is developed. The heat generated by the syngas is utilized to preheat the gasifying agent and feedstock. The effect of several key parameters on the composition of the syngas is investigated. At the optimal design point, the system is analyzed for energy, exergy, economy and emissions (4E). The results showed that the energy and exergy efficiencies of the RES-CHP system reach 42.57% and 39.52%, respectively. Economic analysis shows that over the projected 10 years, the proposed system has a positive NPV and better investment value. RES-CHP system provides low CO2 emissions about 4.146 kt/year, which is 32.3% less than the reference system.

关键词： Biomass gasification Solar energy 4E analyses Regional energy supply

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Au-Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Morphologies for the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Trace Thiram

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ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023年第6期6卷 4253-4261页

作者： Sun, Li Cao, Chunlai Zhi, Yuan Shan, Yuejin Zhang, Hua Dou, Binlin Zhang, Lixin Huang, Weijia Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Utsunomiya Univ Dept Mat & Environm Chem Res Div Funct Mat Design Utsunomiya 3218585 Japan Shanghai Minrula Biotechnol Co Ltd R&D Dept Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has been limitedly applied to the detection of trace thiram due to the weak activity of employed substrates. In this work, Au-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable morphologies are synthesized and used as SERS-active substrates for the detection of trace thiram. Porous-spiny Au-Ag NPs are synthesized with spherical Ag NPs as intermediates through in situ redox. Annular Au-Ag NPs can be further obtained by heating porous-spiny Au-Ag NPs. Here, the morphology transformation of Au-Ag NPs is first completed by means of the element diffusion theory, providing a strategy for the morphology control of complex Au-Ag NPs. Additionally, these Au-Ag NPs with optimized morphologies were chosen as substrates for the successful SERS detection of trace thiram. Especially, porous-spiny Au-Ag NPs show superior sensitivity and reproducibility. Meanwhile, using porous-spiny Au-Ag NPs as SERS-active substrates, thiram can be quantitatively detected in the range from 10-3 to 10-11 M. Thus, it is inferred that Au- Ag NPs with optimized morphologies will have great potential in the field of trace analyte detection related to food safety and environmental protection.

关键词： Au Ag nanoparticles morphology transformation Raman-spectroscopy thiram SERS detection

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Modeling and Prediction Method for Young's Moduli of Ti Alloys Based on Residual Muti-layer Perceptron

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JOM 2025年第1期77卷 76-90页

作者： Yan, Hua Li, Qiang Yang, Bin Yang, Yang Wang, Ying Zhang, Hao Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Civil Aviat Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Innovat Ctr NPU Chongqing Chongqing 401135 Peoples R China

Accurate Young's modulus models of beta-type Ti alloys can provide a convenient approach to developing Ti alloy, especially non-toxic and biocompatible medical materials. Data-driven approaches can significantly reduce the difficulty of modeling Young's modulus of Ti alloy and build reliable models by relying on the large amount of available historical data. Therefore, a deep learning model using multi-layer perceptron with residual connection, namely Res-MLP, is designed to establish the Young's modulus model of Ti alloy according to its element content or composition. Benchmark models are selected for performance comparison, of which performances metrics, including MAE, MAPE, RMSE, and MARNE, are 9.83, 15.05%, 14.86, and 10.57%, respectively. Therefore, the Res-MLP has predictive ability. Compared to SVR, XGBoost, RF, BPNN, CNN, and MLP models, Res-MLP achieves better prediction performance and precision. Moreover, the bootstrapping algorithm is used to expand the sample size. Through a comparative analysis of the predictive performance of Res-MLP before and after dataset expansion, it is demonstrated that data augmentation methods can effectively enhance predictive capabilities. Consequently, the model proposed in this study can provide an effective and efficient data mining tool developing medical Ti alloy materials.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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