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Measurement of high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow by electromagnetic flowmeter and differential pressure based on phase-isolation

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flow MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 2022年第0期84卷 102142-102142页

作者： Yang, Yang Ha, Wen Zhang, Chao Liu, Ming Zhang, Xingkai Wang, Dong Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai Peoples R China SINOPEC Petr Engn Technol Res Inst Shengli Oilfield Co Dongying 257000 Peoples R China Yangtze Univ Petr Engn Coll Wuhan 430100 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

When the oil field has been exploited by long-term water-flooding, it will be in high water-content stage of production. However, it is a great challenge for high-water-content measurement due to oil droplets extremely dispersed in the water. In this paper, we developed a phase-isolation based method for high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow measurement. Phase-isolation was realized by axial-flow swirler to concentrate scattered and random oil droplets into the pipe center and change the inlet flow pattern into a particular annular flow before measuring. Owing to the axisymmetric velocity and phase distribution, the electromagnetic flow meter avoided the effect of random distribution of insulating phase, and then had a good measurement performance for total volume flow rate. Furthermore, we respectively studied using axial pressure drop, radial pressure drop and the ratio of the two pressure drops to measure water content. The results showed that the ratio of the two pressure drops not only improves the resolution of oil and water, but also effectively reduces the impact of error transfer. In the dual-parameter measurement experiment, the relative errors of total volume flow rate and water content were almost within +/- 5%.

关键词： Two-phase flow measurement High-water-content Phase-isolation Electromagnetic flowmeter Differential pressure

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Modeling Study of the Slag Behaviors and SiC Refractory Wall Corrosion on the Top Cone of a Membrane Wall Entrained-flow Gasifier

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ENERGY & FUELS 2020年第10期34卷 12440-12448页

作者： Zhang, Binbin Jin, Jing Liu, Haifeng Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China East China Univ Sci & Technol Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Coal Gasificat Inst Clean Coal Technol Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China

Slag behaviors on the top cone are significant characteristics that relate to the refractory wall corrosion and safe operation in a membrane wall gasifier. The slag flow and heat transfer model was established to predict the slag behaviors on the top cone of a gasifier. The results showed that the closer to the top outlet of the gasification chamber, the thinner the slag thickness, the higher the slag layer heat flux density and refractory wall surface temperature. The mean slag thickness of the top cone was thinner and the mean heat flux density of the top cone was higher than that of the bottom cone, thus the protection of the upper refractory wall was weakened. Especially, the heat transfer rate of the overall top cone significantly decreased when the cone angle increased. Moreover, the refractory wall corrosion model was built based on the active oxidation behavior. The results showed that the refractory wall surface temperature and linear corrosion rate significantly increased, while the gas temperature increased.

关键词： Thickness Electrochemistry Liquids Layers Oxidation

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Visualization experiment of gas-liquid flow pattern downstream of single-orifice plates in horizontal pipes under an intermittent upstream flow

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EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE 2020年 119卷 110206-110206页

作者： Ma, Youfu Liu, Weiye Wu, Hengliang Liu, Yuan Lyu, Junfu Cai, Zhenqi Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Res Inst Shanghai 201108 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Energy & Power Engn Key Lab Thermal Sci & Power Engn Minist Educ Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

The flow pattern of gas-liquid mixtures across a single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes, in particular the change in flow patterns downstream of a single-orifice plate (DSOP) when the upstream is in a common intermittent flow, has not been elucidated hitherto. In this study, a visualization experiment was performed using air and water as the gas and liquid phases, respectively. The effects of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, and orifice-pipe diameter ratio on the flow pattern transition in DSOPs were experimentally examined in ranges of 0.07-0.51 m/s, 0.35-1.77 m/s, and 0.30-0.61, respectively. Results show that there are two different trends, i.e., stratified and dispersed, in DSOPs for an intermittent upstream flow. It is interesting that in DSOPs, intermittent flows tend to disappear, or, stratified flows can transit to bubble flows directly. In DSOPs, most of the region corresponding to an intermittent flow for a simple horizontal pipe becomes the region of a completely dispersed bubble flow, indicating that the throttling of orifice plates has excellent performance on bubble breakup. Moreover, a novel dimensionless criterion is proposed to predict the transition between stratified and bubble flows in DSOPs.

关键词： Gas-liquid flow Orifice plate flow pattern Transition criterion Bubble

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Advances in rational design of catalysts for efficient Hg⁰ removal

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FUEL 2023年第Part2期331卷

作者： Liu, Dunyu Xu, Kailong Mae, Jingjing Liu, Qiuqi Fan, Yunpei Wang, Chaoran Wang, Xudong Jin, Jing Shi, Huancong Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Huzhou Inst Huzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Environm Sci & Technol Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Ningxia Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab High Efficiency Utilizat Coal & Gree Yinchuan 750021 Ningxia Peoples R China

This paper reviews the current methods on the rational design of transition metal-based, SCR-based, precious metal-based and fly ash-based catalysts. Catalysts generally contains three components: active sites, promoters, and supports. The construction of active sites for adsorption, oxidation, and desorption of mercury-related species is important. Selection of promoters needs to enhance the functions of active sites or protect active sites from poisoning. Selection of supports should consider the well dispersion of active sites as well as diffusion of reactive gases in pores. The adsorption sites for Hg0 include high valance cations as well as precious metals. Oxidation sites for Hg0 include oxygen vacancy, lattice oxygen, surface active oxygen, halogen species (Cl, Br, and F), and elemental sulfur. Desorption sites normally contain metal cations with weak bonding strength of Hg0. CuO, Fe2O3, and MoO3 have higher reactivity with SO2, and incorporation of these metal oxides protects the active sites from sulfur poisoning. In the selection of supports, SiO2, zeolite, MOFs, and carbon-based materials have large surface area for dispersion of active sites and dominant mesopores. A hierarchical pore structure with reasonable proportions of micropores and macropores is appropriate for Hg0 removal. The design of catalysts considering the existence of gases such as NO, H2S, CO, H2, and SO2 is then discussed and summarized. Overall, this work helps with the development and synthesis of novel and efficient catalysts for Hg0 removal.

关键词： Catalyst Rational design Mercury removal

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The effect of phase change material balls on the thermal characteristics in hot water tanks: CFD research

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2020年 178卷 115557-115557页

作者： Qin, Yanbin Wang, Zilong Zhang, Hua Dou, Binlin Zhang, Guanhua Wu, Weidong Wu, Chunfei Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Queens Univ Belfast Sch Chem & Chem Engn Belfast BT9 5AG Antrim North Ireland

Hot water storage tank is the crucial element in solar energy utilization systems. Phase change material can significantly improve the thermal efficiency and the heat storage of hot water tank. In this study, a 3-D model for hot water tank with low melting point metals, sodium acetate trihydrate, and paraffin wax was established and validated by the experimental results. The influence of the inlet flow rates, the thermal conductivity and positions of the phase change materials on thermal characteristics of the hot water tank had been investigated. Results show that the hot water tank with low melting point metals has better performance due to its high thermal conductivity. Besides, with the inlet flow rate of 9 L/min, the released heat energy of the low melting point metals, the sodium acetate trihydrate and the paraffin wax water tanks are 17.22 MJ, 16.77 MJ and 16.37 MJ with the melting rates at the end time of 0%, 28% and 47%, respectively. In addition, as the inlet flow rate varies from 5 L/min to 9 L/min, the distances between the isothermal surfaces (35 degrees C and 75 degrees C) of the low melting point metals, the sodium acetate trihydrate and the paraffin wax water tanks increases from 3.98 cm to 7.96 cm, 5.49 cm to 8.57 cm and 5.82 cm to 8.87 cm, respectively, thus, the filling efficiency and Richardson number of the hot water tank with low melting point metals are the highest at the same inlet flow rate and position of the phase change material balls. Therefore, the application of low melting point metals as a phase change material in hot water tank not only can improve the heat storage capacity, but also increase thermal stratification.

关键词： Thermal stratification Phase change materials Hot water tank Fill Efficiency Low melting point metals

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Investigation on heat transfer characteristics of outside heat exchanger in an air conditioning heat pump system for electric vehicles

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF heat AND MASS transfer 2021年 170卷 121040-121040页

作者： Yu, Jun Su, Lin Li, Kang Liu, Mingkang Zhang, Hua Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

The development of thermal management systems in electric vehicles challenges new understandings of outside heat exchangers. The increasing heat load of electric vehicles requires a corresponding improvement in their heat exchanger characteristics. The purpose of this work is to modify the classical Nusselt number correlation model through experiments to check and predict the heat transfer characteristics of such a heat exchanger. In this paper, a parallel flow microchannel outside heat exchanger was studied with experiments and numerical simulations. heat transfer correlations on the air side were modified by experimental data obtained from a newly designed test bench. Experimental results show that the heat transfer rate increases with increasing inlet pressure and inlet airflow. Furthermore, a numerical model for predicting heat exchanger characteristics was also proposed with the modified Nusselt number correlations. The comparison between modeling and experimental heat transfer rate shows good agreement, in which the absolute errors of the corresponding heat transfer characteristics for the heat exchanger are within 25%. The typical heat transfer model with the j-factor was also applied to predict the heat transfer rate. Comparison between results of modeling and experiment shows that models with the modified Nusselt number correlations demonstrate advantages when predicting the outside heat exchanger characteristics in an air conditioning heat pump system. The Nusselt number correlation model has good applicability for various environmental conditions. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microchannel heat exchanger Nusselt number heat transfer rate

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Comparison of Gelatinous and Calcined Magnesia Supported Ni or/And Co-Based Catalysts for Aqueous Bioglycerol Phase Reforming

SSRN

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SSRN 2021年

作者： Liu, Dashuai Dou, Binlin Zhang, Hua Wu, Kai Zhao, Longfei Zeng, Pingchao Chen, Haisheng Xu, Yujie School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

In this study, glycerol aqueous phase reforming was carried out in a batch reactor. The gases produced were H2, CO, CH4, and CO2 during the experiment. The catalysts used included Ni or/and Co catalysts supported by MgO. Meanwhile, two different MgO supporters were prepared by the sol-gel method and calcining method, and the active metal was added by an initial wet impregnation (IWI) method. The catalysts were characterized by BET, BJH, TEM, and XRD. In order to achieve the purpose of comparison, the activity of different types of catalysts was tested under similar conditions. It was found that the amount of hydrogen produced by the catalyst containing gelatinous MgO supporter is more than 1.5 times that of other catalysts, and the Ni-Co-MgO had the best catalytic effect among the same types of catalysts. The activity of the Ni-Co-MgO catalyst was tested under different temperatures, concentrations, and CaO conditions. We found that Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst supported on gelatinous MgO has the best highest gas production, while the catalyst containing calcined MgO support usually has a better hydrogen selectivity. Through the stability study of the Ni-Co-MgO catalyst, we found that the bimetallic catalyst supported by gelatinous MgO support has better catalytic stability. © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sol-gel process

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Investigation of chlorine-poisoning mechanism of MnO_x/TiO₂ and MnO_x-CeO₂/TiO₂ catalysts during o-DCBz catalytic decomposition: Experiment and first-principles calculation

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021年 298卷 113454-113454页

作者： Lin, Feng Wang, Qiulin Huang, Xiaoniu Jin, Jing Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

The catalytic activity and stability of MnOx/TiO2 and MnOx-CeO2/TiO2 catalysts for the oxidative degradation of 1,2-dichorobenzene (o-DCBz) at low temperatures (<= 275 degrees C) were experimentally examined. The chlorine (Cl) poisoning mechanism of the catalysts was also clarified based on the catalyst characterization combined with theoretical calculations. Experimental results show that the MnOx/TiO2 catalyst is considerably deactivated during o-DCBz catalytic decomposition, mainly due to the chlorination of the catalytic active component. Ce addition and high temperature can effectively promote the resistance of MnOx/TiO2 catalyst to Cl poisoning. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations in the framework of first-principles reveal that Cl atom prefers to anchor on surface oxygen vacancy (OV) rather than on top site of Mn atom. The adsorption of Cl atom on surface OV hinders the dissociated adsorption of O-2 on surface OV and interrupts the regeneration of the surface reactive oxygen species. The adsorption of Cl atom on top site of Mn atom increases the formation energy of surface OV and damages the surface Lewis acid sites which act as the important adsorption sites for o-DCBz molecules. Ce addition causes Cl atom to adsorb preferentially onto the OV around Ce atom, which weakens the interaction between Cl atom and Mn atom. Consequently, the chlorination of the MnOx species is prevented and the oxygen mobility of the catalyst is guaranteed to some extent.

关键词： MnOx-based catalyst Ce addition o-DCBz catalytic oxidation Cl-poisoning First-principles calculation

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Ethylene Oxidation with Ce-Modified Fe-Based Oxygen Carrier: Fuel Combustion Efficiency Improvement

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sun, Tianli Wu, Ye Mei, Jian Han, Yinghui Cai, Tianyi Liu, Dong MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Advanced Combustion Laboratory School of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

Improving combustion efficiency of diesel engine is very important in the current background of carbon neutralization because sufficient combustion means low pollutant emission and little energy waste. In past studies, catalytic coatings were used in diesel engine to speed up fuel-burning rates and reduce emissions caused by insufficient combustion. Insufficient combustion mainly in high temperature and low oxygen area, using oxygen carrier as the coating material for the combustor surface to support additional –O and regulate the combustion process also is a promising strategy. A desired Fe-based oxygen carrier with excellent redox capability and stability was fabricated to convert fuel pyrolysis products into CO2, H2O and extra heat to improve the fuel combustion efficiency. A range of cerium modified Fe2O3 oxygen carriers were prepared and tested with ethylene as a representative fuel to investigate the redox capability and stability during fuel pyrolysis process. In addition, the gas-solid surface reaction of ethylene and iron oxide was studied by density functional theory (DFT) to illustrate their good reactivity and the mechanism of doping optimization. It was found that when using the FeCe-2 oxygen carrier with the mole ration of Fe and Ce is 9:1 during ethylene pyrolysis process, the ethylene was oxidized most sufficiently (CO2 yield>92%). DFT simulation showed that Ce doping improved the reactivity of surface oxygen. Experimental data and characterization analysis showed that the addition of Ce improved oxygen vacancy capacity to enhance the oxidation for the pyrolysis products. Due to the role of both, the ethylene and its pyrolysis products were converted into CO2 and H2O quickly and effectively. The obtained results indicate that FeCe-2 is the potential oxygen carrier coating material for combustion efficiency improvement. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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The effect on ash deposition by blending high-calcium Zhundong coal with vermiculite: Focusing on minerals transformations

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ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL engineering 2021年第1期16卷 e2571-e2571页

作者： Yang, Haoran Jin, Jing Liu, Dunyu Hou, Fengxiao Hang, Yixuan Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai Peoples R China Lehigh Univ Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

To solve the ash deposition problem caused by burning high-calcium Zhundong coal (ZDC), the addition of vermiculite is a promising solution. However, complete mechanisms of vermiculite addition reducing ash deposition are still unknown. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on sodium emission, ash fusion characteristics, and mineral transformation is investigated. The results show that although vermiculite, with limited Na capture capacity, lowers the ash fusion temperatures (AFTs), it can greatly reduce ash deposition. In the combustion of ZDC, calcium-bearing minerals will react with clay minerals and then convert to molten glassy phase. Those molten minerals will take high melting point minerals, Ca(2)Al(2)SiO(7)and CaMgSi2O6, as bone, showing slagging phenomenon with high AFTs. When vermiculite is introduced, the main reaction products are Ca(2)MgSi(2)O(7)and Mg(2)SiO(4)and that reduces the extent of molten minerals formation. The main ash product transforming from Ca(2)Al(2)SiO(7)to Ca(2)MgSi(2)O(7)leads to the decrease of AFTs. The initial ash deposition with Ca(2)Al(2)SiO(7)still happens;however, vermiculite addition makes it hard for ash to grow on the existing ash deposit. The results of FactSage software agree with the experimental ones, and the proportion of slag decreases by 36% with vermiculite at 1250 degrees C.

关键词： ash deposition minerals transformations vermiculite Zhundong coal

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