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A Li-O2 battery model coupled with LiO2 and Li2O2 reveals regulation mechanism of deposited product composition on mass transport and electron transfer

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APPLIED ENERGY 2025年 391卷

作者： Wang, Yuanhui Zang, Linfeng Dou, Shaojun Hao, Liang Yanshan Univ Sch Vehicle & Energy Hebei Engn Res Ctr Low Carbon Dev & Resource Utili Qinhuangdao 066004 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

To elucidate the regulation mechanism of deposited product composition on the coupling process of mass transport and electron transfer in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, a novel multi-step discharge/charge model with solid lithium superoxide (LiO2(s)) and lithium peroxide (Li2O2) as hybrid precipitation is proposed. This model couples the dynamic competitive growth mechanisms between LiO2(s) and Li2O2, while incorporating the asymmetric deposition and decomposition behaviors of Li2O2. The electrode surface passivation caused by the sluggish kinetic rate of electron across the Li2O2 film is solely responsible for the deep discharge termination based on the reduced graphene oxide cathode. LiO2(s) dominates the precipitation products with a limited capacity and a continuous decline in the LiO2(s) percentage with discharge depth. Although promoting the LiO2(s) formation is conducive to alleviating the electrode surface passivation, it aggravates the O2 transport resistance due to occupying more electrode pores with the same charge contribution. Hence the discharge capacity demonstrates a three-stage variation with increasing lithium superoxide (LiO2) formation rate, which rapidly grows by more than two times in stage 2 benefiting from the increased LiO2(s) percentage and enhanced solution mechanism. Whereas a slow rise of 32 % in the discharge capacity in stage 3 is attributed to the conversion of LiO2(s) to Li2O2 toroid for the discharge process controlled by O2 transport. An increase in the thickness or specific surface area of the cathode improves the discharge capacity mainly by facilitating the production of Li2O2 toroid despite the decrease in the LiO2(s) percentage, which is different from the regulatory mechanism of electrode porosity for accelerating the LiO2(s) formation. Increasing LiO2 solubility predominantly mitigates the electrode surface passivation through enhancement of the solution pathway, whereas the elevated O2 solubility synergistically facilita

关键词： Li-O-2 batteries Multistep discharge/charge model LiO2(s)/Li2O2 hybrid precipitation Reaction pathway regulation Surface passivation/O-2 transport

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Frosting characteristics and performance impact on R744 heat pump systems for electric vehicles at low ambient temperatures: An experimental approach

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2025年 266卷

作者： Li, Kang Kong, Fanyue Liu, Ni Zhang, Hua Dou, Binlin Li, Chao He, Qize Tian, Yafen Tu, Ran Mohtaram, Soheil Zhou, Xuejin Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P 516 Jun Gong Rd Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Invest Design & Res Inst Co Ltd Shanghai 200080 Peoples R China Shanghai Fire Res Inst MEM Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Huaqiao Univ Coll Mech Engn & Automat Xiamen 361021 Fujian Peoples R China

With global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels, electric vehicles have emerged. Although their carbon dioxide heat pump systems are environmentally friendly, they face the problem of frosting on outdoor heat exchangers. Previous studies have mainly focused on the internal factors of heat exchangers or specific operating conditions, with limited exploration of frosting behavior in electric vehicles under complex operating conditions, especially in supercritical high-pressure environments of carbon dioxide electric vehicles. This study builds an experimental platform for a carbon dioxide electric vehicle heat pump system, using an infrared thermal imager to capture accurate data on outdoor heat exchanger temperature and frost development. Different environmental temperatures and compressor speeds are set at high humidity levels of 85-95% to study the distribution of frost layer growth in outdoor heat exchangers under different operating conditions. The study also introduced FCR to analyze the changes in heat pump performance parameters in different FCR regions. Finally, under the same environmental temperature, humidity, and speed conditions, the frosting characteristics of R744 and R134a heat pump systems were compared, and the impact of frosting on them was analyzed. The results indicate that in high humidity environments, lower ambient temperatures and higher rotational speeds increase frost coverage. When FCR exceeds 40%, the suction pressure of the compressor significantly decreases, the heating capacity of the system decreases by 26.01% to 31.08%, and the COP decreases by 21.59% to 29.69%. Regardless of the compressor speed, the COP decreases by about 21% after frosting. Under similar conditions, R134a heat exchanger has more severe frosting than R744, which has a greater impact on the suction pressure of R134a compressor. However, frosting reduces the heating capacity of both systems by about 30%.

关键词： Electric vehicles Outdoor heat exchanger Frost formation CO2 heat pump system

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Modeling and Prediction Method for Young's Moduli of Ti Alloys Based on Residual Muti-layer Perceptron

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JOM 2025年第1期77卷 76-90页

作者： Yan, Hua Li, Qiang Yang, Bin Yang, Yang Wang, Ying Zhang, Hao Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Civil Aviat Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Innovat Ctr NPU Chongqing Chongqing 401135 Peoples R China

Accurate Young's modulus models of beta-type Ti alloys can provide a convenient approach to developing Ti alloy, especially non-toxic and biocompatible medical materials. Data-driven approaches can significantly reduce the difficulty of modeling Young's modulus of Ti alloy and build reliable models by relying on the large amount of available historical data. Therefore, a deep learning model using multi-layer perceptron with residual connection, namely Res-MLP, is designed to establish the Young's modulus model of Ti alloy according to its element content or composition. Benchmark models are selected for performance comparison, of which performances metrics, including MAE, MAPE, RMSE, and MARNE, are 9.83, 15.05%, 14.86, and 10.57%, respectively. Therefore, the Res-MLP has predictive ability. Compared to SVR, XGBoost, RF, BPNN, CNN, and MLP models, Res-MLP achieves better prediction performance and precision. Moreover, the bootstrapping algorithm is used to expand the sample size. Through a comparative analysis of the predictive performance of Res-MLP before and after dataset expansion, it is demonstrated that data augmentation methods can effectively enhance predictive capabilities. Consequently, the model proposed in this study can provide an effective and efficient data mining tool developing medical Ti alloy materials.

关键词： Titanium alloys

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Dynamic performance optimization of a floating offshore wind turbine based on fractal-inspired design principles

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ENERGY 2025年 324卷

作者： Huang, Haoda Liu, Qingsong Bashir, Musa Malkeson, Sean Li, Chun Yue, Minnan Miao, Weipao Wang, Jin Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Liverpool Sch Engn Brownlow Hill L69 3GH England Liverpool John Moores Univ Offshore & Marine LOOM Res Inst Liverpool Logist Byrom St Liverpool L3 3AF England

As the development of onshore and fixed offshore wind turbines approaches saturation, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are increasingly gaining attention due to their ability to operate in deeper waters and harness more stable wind resources. However, the dynamic responses of FOWTs are amplified significantly under the complex sea conditions, posing challenges to the overall system stability. This study proposes a novel semisubmersible platform featuring fractal structure inspired by Victoria Amazonica as solutions to the overall system stability of FOWTs. The computational fluid dynamics method, integrated with dynamic fluid-body interaction and volume of fluid wave model, is used to examine the aero, hydro, and mooring dynamics of the FOWT. A parametric model of the fractal structure with different branch levels is constructed by recursive method. Firstly, the hydrodynamic performance of the novel platforms with multi-level branch structures is examined under single wave conditions. The results show that vortices in fractal structures present higher velocity gradients and greater viscous dissipation, thereby effectively absorbing wave energy. The stability of the platform improves progressively as the branch levels increase. Subsequently, the dynamic responses of the fullconfiguration FOWT mounted on the platform with 8-level fractal structure (8LFS-FOWT) are further evaluated under wind-wave coupling conditions. The results reveal that 8LFS-FOWT achieves superior hydrodynamic performance with the most notable improvement in pitch amplitude of 25.22 % decrease. This enhancement also brings a 12.75 % reduction in the standard deviation of power output, forming positive feedback to ensure safe and stable operation of the system. The findings provide a valuable reference for promoting the innovative platform design of FOWTs.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine Leaf-vein structure Computational fluid dynamics Fractal dimension Fully coupled dynamic response

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Insights on CDI parametric controls and dependencies using gloabal sensitivity analysis

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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 2025年第Part8期354卷

作者： Qin, Huai Fang, Fang Mao, Yunfeng Xu, Longqian Wu, Deli Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Zhejiang Prov Ind EP Design & Res Inst Co Ltd Shangyu 310013 Zhejiang Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resources Reuse Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Vanderbilt Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Nashville TN 37235 USA

Capacitive deionization (CDI) emerges as a promising desalination technology due to its high energy efficiency and potential for energy recovery. Its performance improvement and application extension highly require understanding how variations in multiple input parameters, as well as their interactions, lead to variations in output, which is not straightforward in the complex system of CDI. In this work we use the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (eFAST) method to conduct a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) in order to examine the effects of several parameters, including material properties, operating conditions, and ionic properties, on the energy consumption and salt removal efficiency of CDIs. The research reveals that high capacitance and efficient mass transfer are crucial for CDI advancement, with a trade-off between desalination rate and energy efficiency. The interplay between input parameters is revealed by factorial design and GSA, which show that no single parameter alone determines salt adsorption capacity but that feedwater salt concentration and current density are important when considering both individual and coupled effects. The study suggests that the specific application and feedwater characteristics should be taken into consideration when deciding between the CC and CV modes of desalination. While CC mode excels in water production and energy efficiency for high salinity feedwater pretreatment, CV mode is better at treating low salinity waterr. The comprehensive parametric analysis provides valuable insights into optimizing CDI design and operating conditions to balance desalination capacity and energy efficiency.

关键词： Capacitive deionization Mass transfer model Global sensitivity analysis Constant current mode Constant voltage mode

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A novel hybrid approach for high-efficiency and low-load airfoil design for H-type vertical axis wind turbines

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PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 2025年第3期37卷

作者： Huang, ShengXian Ng, Eddie Yin Kwee Li, Chun Zhang, Yongxing Moghtaderi, Behdad Wang, Ying Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ NTU Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Singapore 63904455 Singapore Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China China Univ Petr Natl Engn Lab Pipeline Safety MOE Key Lab Petr Engn Beijing Key Lab Urban Oil & Gas Distribut Technol Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Univ Newcastle Ctr Innovat Energy Technol Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

The bionic approach enables the rapid excellent design, avoiding the complexity and time-consuming traditional optimization processes. To swiftly develop a high-efficiency airfoil suitable for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), this study designs a novel dolphin-average airfoil (Dol-Ave airfoil) inspired by the streamlined profile of the Dall's porpoise's head. Furthermore, considering the challenges in aligning biologically inspired designs with practical engineering requirements, the Archive-based Micro Genetic Algorithm (AMGA) is adopted to refine the Dol-Ave airfoil contours by targeting high energy capture efficiency and low load. The combination of bio-inspired method and numerical optimization is referred to as the hybrid optimization method. The results of numerical simulations and comparative verification show the following: (1) When tip-speed ratio(TSR) is 0.5, compared to National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0018 airfoil, the power coefficient of the Dol-Ave airfoil increases by 52.66%. However, under the high tip-speed ratio conditions, no improvement in wind energy utilization is observed. (2) The optimized airfoil (Dol-Ave opt) achieves power coefficient optimization across the full tip-speed ratio range. Compared to NACA 0018, when TSR = 0.5, the power coefficient of the Dol-Ave opt airfoil increases by 30.01%;when TSR = 1.2, the increase is 8.16%. (3) Both the Dol-Ave airfoil and the Dol-Ave opt airfoil show improvements in lateral thrust load. The bio-inspired airfoil design method and the hybrid design approach proposed in this study offer valuable insights for airfoil design.

关键词： Vertical axis wind turbine

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Temperature dependence photoluminescence properties of ZnSe-based core-shell quantum dots

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Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 22588-22597页

作者： Zhang, Tingting Ma, Qing Li, Qingping Huang, Lanting Feng, Yuqiong Duan, Hongwei Chen, Xinlei Li, Qinghua Jin, Xiao Bai, Jinke Xu, Bing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Functional Materials and Devices School of Physics Science and Technology Lingnan Normal University Guangdong Zhanjiang524048 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University Taiyuan030032 China

Heavy metal-free ZnSe-based core-shell quantum dots (QDs) are promising emitting material for achieving violet-blue luminescence. Investigating the temperature-dependent variations in the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnSe-based QDs will enhance our understanding of the intrinsic factors that influence their diverse luminescence characteristics. Here we select the optimally synthesized ZnSe core QDs with three diameters (4.1, 5.2, and 8.3 nm) and ZnSe/ZnS core-shell QDs to study their temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties. As the sample temperature is increased, the PL intensity decreases, the emission energy redshifts, and the spectral become broader. We observe a reduction in the exciton-longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon coupling constant from 21.7 meV to 16.1 meV as the diameter of ZnSe core QDs increased from 4.1 nm to 8.3 nm. This decrease is associated with a narrower homogeneous broadening of the emission spectrum. Besides, the epitaxial growth of a ZnS wide bandgap shells onto the ZnSe core QDs can effectively isolate the photogenerated excitons away from the inorganic-organic interface, thus reducing the PL peak width and increasing the exciton binding energy of the QDs. Our research provides a valuable addition to the existing studies on the photoluminescence properties of ZnSe-based core-shell QDs. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Atomic emission spectroscopy

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Large eddy simulation on the wake characteristics of linearly stratified flow past a sphere

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Xia, Tianci Wei, Na Shi, Liuliu School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093 China Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

In this study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been employed to examine the influence of the Froude number (Fr) on the linearly stratified wake and internal waves behind a sphere at a subcritical Reynolds number of Re = 3700. Six distinct sets of models with varying Fr (Fr = 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, ∞) have been chosen to establish density linear stratification through the use of a User Defined Function (UDF). The analysis focuses on the impact of stratification on wake characteristics, velocity distribution, and the structure of internal waves within stratified flow. It is evident that density stratification plays a pivotal role in shaping wake structure. Notably, in stratified flows, wakes exhibit unique characteristics including the generation of internal waves, suppression of vertical velocity, and the emergence of oscillating wake patterns. The study reveals that a decrease in the Froude number leads to heightened vertical suppression of the wake and increased anisotropy of the velocity distribution. Furthermore, as the Froude number ascends from 0.05 to 2, the wake undergoes a transition from quasi-two-dimensional vortex shedding to three-dimensional turbulence. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Froude number Internal wave Linearly stratified flow Wake

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Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of an optimized geothermal-driven quadruple-production system for sustainable power, heat, freshwater, and hydrogen production

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2025年 245卷

作者： Li, Xinzhou Mohtaram, Soheil Kecebas, Ali Li, Kang Su, Minxu Yumurtaci, Mehmet Aryanfar, Yashar Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer P 516 Jun Gong Rd Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Mugla Sitki Kocman Univ Technol Fac Dept Energy Syst Engn TR-48000 Mentese Mugla Turkiye Afyon Kocatepe Univ Technol Fac Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus TR-03200 Afyonkarahisar Turkiye Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Chem Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan Khazar Univ Dept Mech Engn Thermo Fluids Res Grp Baku Azerbaijan

The study introduces an innovative geothermal-driven quadruple-production cycle engineered for the simultaneous generation of power, heating, fresh water, and hydrogen. Distinguishing itself from prior research, the system integrates a two-stage Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit, maximizing resource utilization through advanced thermodynamic and exergy analyses. key optimizations using a genetic algorithm have achieved a net power output of 5092 kW, a high exergy efficiency of 43.55 %, and freshwater production of 41.75 kg/s, marking a significant improvement over existing configurations. The optimized system parameters reveal that separator pressures in the 300-400 kPa range are ideal for power and hydrogen generation, while exergy losses, particularly in the RO unit and turbines, indicate areas for further enhancement. This study fills a critical scientific niche in sustainable multioutput energy production, with promising applications in arid regions requiring efficient desalination solutions. Future work could focus on integrating hybrid renewable sources to improve resilience under varying geothermal conditions and broaden the system's sustainable energy production potential.

关键词： Geothermal energy Quadruple-production cycle Organic rankine cycle Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer Reverse osmosis desalination Exergy efficiency optimization

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Numerical Study of Multi-Factor Coupling Effects on Energy Conversion Performance of Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis

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Frontiers in heat and Mass transfer 2025年第2期23卷 507-528页

作者： Hao Li Cunlu Zhao Jinhui Zhou Jun Zhang Hui Wang Yanmei Jiao Yugang Zhao School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient ***,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion *** numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of *** this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our *** results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion ***,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in ***,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ***,uponmodifying the ope

关键词： Salinity gradient energy nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis energy conversion nanochannel configuration multi-factor coupling effect

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