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Performance-Aware control of Modular Batteries For Fast Frequency Response

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Information and Decision Systems CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modular batteries can be aggregated to deliver frequency regulation services for power grids. Although utilizing the idle capacity of battery modules is financially attractive, it remains challenging to consider the heterogeneous module-level characteristics such as dynamic operational efficiencies and battery degradation. In addition, real-time decision making within seconds is required to enable fast frequency response. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a performance-aware scheduling approach for battery modules to deliver fast frequency response (FFR) support. In particular, the conduction loss and switching loss of battery packs as well as converters are captured within a mix-integer quadratic constrained program (MIQCP). The cycle-based aging model identifies the aging cost of battery modules during frequent cycling by introducing the aging subgradient calculation and linearization. Case studies based on real-world battery data show that the proposed scheduling approach can effectively reduce power loss cost by nearly 28%-57% and battery aging cost by 4%-15% compared to conventional methods, which can also enhance the SoC balance. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Battery management systems

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Quantitative detection of alkali metal Na based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2025年第4期50卷 2262-2270页

作者： Shen, Sijie Li, Chi Zhou, Wangzheng Wang, Zhenzhen Yan, Junjie Hou, Zongyu Wang, Zhe Deguchi, Yoshihiro School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Taiyuan030032 China Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan

The alkali metal compounds released from high alkali fuels such as low-quality coal during thermal utilization can affect the normal operation of thermal equipment. Therefore, rapid online detection of alkali metal content in low-quality coal is of great significance for controlling alkali metal release during combustion. The alkali metal Na element is used as the detection object, and the mixed samples of graphite and sodium chloride powder with different ratios are used as experimental samples. The influencing factors of measuring Na element in samples using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology are studied. The impact of two signal strength calculation methods on signal stability is compared. The influence of experimental parameters on signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed. The quantitative calculation models for Na element have been established. Research has shown that the characteristic spectral lines of Na element, Na I 588.995 nm and Na I 589.592 nm, are suitable as the main analytical spectral lines. Using the area intensity of the dual line characteristic spectral lines of Na element as the signal intensity can effectively improve signal stability. When the laser energy is 60 mJ and the delay time is 1 000 ns, the relative standard deviation of spectral signal intensity is low and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The quantitative calculation models are established using traditional calibration method, partial least squares (PLS) method, and support vector machine (SVR) with spectral signal intensity as the input and Na element addition in the sample as the output. The accuracy of each model is compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the PLS model may exhibit overfitting when the sample size is small and the input quantity is large. The fitting accuracy of the SVR model is 0.978 3, the root mean square percentage error of the training set is 13.42%, and the root mean square percentage error of the test set is 13.51

关键词： Sodium chloride

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A modified spectral standardization method for uranium ores measurement using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Analytica Chimica Acta 2025年 1359卷 344125页

作者： Ji, Jianxun Hou, Zongyu Gu, Weilun Yu, Xiang Wang, Zhe State Key Lab of Power Systems International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Shanxi 030032 China School of Energy and Electrical Engineering Qinghai University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education Xining810016 China China National Uranium Corporation Beijing100013 China

Background: The high signal uncertainty is the key factor hindering the quantification performance of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology. Different plasma parameter compensation algorithms for reducing signal uncertainty have been proposed. Among them, spectral standardization is a representative, which can reduce signal uncertainty by compensating for the variations of plasma parameters, especially using multiple independent spectral lines of the measured element to compensate for the fluctuation of total number density. However, it's hard to find enough independent lines for cases such as uranium in ores measurement. This work proposes an updated version to reduce the signal uncertainty for these cases. Results: On the basis of spectral standardization method, the new method uses another element information of the matrix to compensate the fluctuation of total number density for the measured element. Specifically, multiple spectral lines of another element are first used to characterize its total number density, and then the total number density of the measured element is obtained through the correlation between the two elements. Finally, the new method is evaluated on uranium ores. Results showed that after using the information of the silicon element to estimate the total number density of uranium, the relative standard deviation(RSD) of the U II 409.01 nm was reduced from the original 23.03 %% to 9.41 %, the quantitative model determination coefficient (RC2) of uranium was increased from the original 0.9129 to 0.9921, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was reduced from the original 0.2586 to 0.0670. Significance: The modified spectral standardization method, which using another element information to estimate the total number density of the measured element, can greatly reduce the signal uncertainty and improve the quantitative analysis performance of uranium in ores. What's more, it provides a new signal uncertainty reducti

关键词： Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Performance-Aware control of Modular Batteries For Fast Frequency Response

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Lab for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

关键词： Battery management systems

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Flexible peak shaving in coal-fired power plants: A comprehensive review of current challenges, recent advances, and future perspectives

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Energy 2025年 327卷

作者： Wu, Chunlei Wang, Chao Hou, Zongyu Wang, Zhe State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutrality Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Shanxi 030032 China

Grid stability amidst the global energy transition and the pursuit of carbon neutrality is critically dependent on enhancing the flexible peak-shaving capability of Coal-Fired power Plants (CFPPs). This review highlights recent advances in improving CFPP flexibility and identifies key challenges, including equipment limitations, inadequate control adaptability, and escalating environmental and economic pressures. These factors contribute to operational instability, reduced efficiency, and increased emissions during rapid and deep load fluctuations. Hybrid modeling approaches, achieving high prediction accuracy across full operational processes and broad load ranges with an average error of 0.79 %, support precise peak shaving optimization. Technologies such as low-load stable combustion, heat-power decoupling, and energy storage integration have facilitated minimum loads of approximately 15 %, while advanced intelligent control systems, in coordination with energy storage, significantly accelerate response times, enabling rapid responses within seconds to minutes. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in system coordination, equipment dynamics, and investment feasibility. Future efforts should focus on the development of digital twin frameworks, multi-scale optimization techniques, and integrated techno-economic strategies to propel CFPPs toward cleaner, smarter, and more resilient operations. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Virtual storage

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High power Density Buck Boost DC/DC Converter Using SIC MOSFET 1

High Power Density Buck Boost DC/DC Converter Using SIC MOSF...

引用

2024 1st International Conference on Smart Grids and power systems, ICSGPS 2024

作者： Rana, Zuraiz Meng, Runquan Ali, Kashif Haseeb, Rashid Shanxi Key Lab of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi China

High power density is an advance in power electronics. Third generation wide-bandgap semiconductor devices (WBG SICs) offer significantly improved performance compared to standard silicon devices. SIC MOSFET is commonly used in power electronic equipment such as converters due to its low resistance, excellent thermal stability, and rapid switching speed. Increasing the switching frequency effectively reduces the circuit size. This article uses SIC MOSFET and STM32 single-chip MCU to design a high power density and higher frequency buck boost converter and establish a simulation model in LTspice. The driving circuit designed for SIC MOSFET is intended to maximize the converter's reliability. Synchronous rectification applies to enhance the converter efficiency. Compared to other types of converters, the size of the converter is reduced, achieving the goals of lightweight and high power density of DC/DC converters. © 2024 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Deep learning-based distributionally robust joint chance constrained distribution networks PV hosting capacity assessment

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Applied Energy 2025年 394卷

作者： Zihui Wang Yanbing Jia Xiaoqing Han Peng Wang Jiajie Liu Key Laboratory of Cleaner Intelligent Control on Coal & Electricity Ministry of Education； Shanxi Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technology University Singapore

As distributed photovoltaic (PV) penetration in distribution networks (DNs) is increasing, it is essential to assess the PV hosting capacity (PVHC) to ensure the safe operation of DNs. This paper proposes a data-driven distributionally robust joint chance constrained (DRJCC) distribution networks PVHC assessment framework. Firstly, the spatiotemporal attention, projection, supervision, and Transformer architecture-based generative adversarial blocks are introduced to develop an augmented time series generative adversarial network (ATS-GAN), which, by integrating both supervised and unsupervised learning during the joint training process, better captures the spatiotemporal characteristics of PV and load power. Subsequently, leveraging the ATS-GAN, a Wasserstein metrics-based ambiguity set of PV and load power probability distributions is constructed, centered on the distributions induced by the generator neural network. Secondly, the DRJCC PVHC assessment model is proposed. A combination of the Bonferroni inequality and conditional value-at-risk approximation is adopted to transform the multivariate DRJCC model into a tractable conic formulation for efficient computation. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively captures the spatiotemporal characteristics and uncertainties of multivariate distributions under multiple constraints, significantly reducing the conservatism typically associated with distributionally robust individual chance constraints.

关键词： Normal distribution

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A Hybrid Dynamic Voltage Sharing Scheme for Series-connected SiC MOSFETs with Single Gate Drive 4

A Hybrid Dynamic Voltage Sharing Scheme for Series-connected...

引用

2022 4th International Conference on Energy, power and Grid, ICEPG 2022

作者： Ren, Yuhan Wang, Jinhao Meng, Runquan Li, Tingting Chen, Juan Zhang, Taotao Shanxi Key Lab of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China

At present, the voltage level of a commercial SiC MOSFET can hardly meet the requirements of high-voltage field. For the sake of achieving the application of MOSFETs in high-voltage fields, the method of series-connected MOSFETs has become a practical and effective solution. However, multiple series-connected SiC MOSFETs face the problem of voltage unbalance, especially dynamic voltage unbalance. Generally, the problem of dynamic unbalance could be solved using load side voltage sharing schemes or the methods of gate side. This paper uses a hybrid dynamic voltage sharing scheme for the single-driven series-connected SiC MOSFETs. That is to say, based on a sequential lagging single gate drive topology, combining active clamping circuits with RCD snubber circuits are introduced to solve the problem of dynamic voltage unbalancing of the whole module in this paper. Compared to the circuit without any dynamic voltage sharing scheme, the dynamic voltage imbalance degree of the circuit with a hybrid dynamic voltage sharing scheme is decreased to 3.75% during the switching-on and switching-off periods. The equalization effect would be verified through the simulation under clamped inductive load in LTspice. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Coordinated control Strategy of Secondary Ripple in DC Microgrid Based on Impedance Model 5th

Coordinated Control Strategy of Secondary Ripple in DC Micro...

引用

5th International Conference on Energy Storage and Intelligent Vehicles, ICEIV 2022

作者： Li, Xuejin Ren, Chunguang Pang, Fangyuan Deng, Haonan Wang, Yifan Qin, Yue Shanxi Key Lab of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819910267

When DC microgrid is connected to a single-phase AC load, it will cause the DC bus to generate double-frequency voltage pulsation, which seriously affects the normal operation of important units. To solve the above problems, from the perspective of impedance modeling, this paper proposes a secondary ripple coordinated control strategy of DC microgrid based on impedance model. Firstly, the origin of the secondary ripple voltage of the DC microgrid is firstly analyzed, and the input and output impedance models of each unit of the DC microgrid are established. On this basis, the paper introduces band-pass and band stop filters to reshape the output impedance of each key converter at 100 Hz, so as to realize the effective suppression of secondary ripple current by energy storage converter. In order to further reduce the influence of secondary ripple power on each unit connected to the DC bus and ensure the voltage quality of DC bus. The active capacitor converter is introduced to actively control the secondary ripple power by adjusting the virtual capacitance of the active capacitor, so as to suppress the secondary ripple voltage of the DC bus. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by simulation. © 2023, Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd.

关键词： power quality

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Study of improved active-clamped phase shift full bridge converter 3

Study of improved active-clamped phase shift full bridge con...

引用

3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and control Science, IC2ECS 2023

作者： He, Xin Meng, Runquan Li, Ruishu Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Key Lab of Power System Operation and Control Taiyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382426

Aiming at the drawbacks of the conventional phase-shifted full-bridge topology in terms of high voltage stress in the synchronous rectifier switches and high switching loss of the primary-side switch under low load conditions, a phase-shifted full-bridge circuit with improved control of an active clamp circuit is proposed. The converter utilizes the resonance of the switch parasitic capacitance with the primary-side resonant inductor to achieve ZVS (Zero- Voltage-Switch) under light load, and effectively improves the efficiency under heavy load by zeroing the primary-side current in the circulating current stage. In this paper, the topology, operating principle and operating characteristics of the proposed scheme are described in detail, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation in PLECS platform. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Active clamp component LC resonance Phase-shifted full bridge Switched capacitor Zero-voltage switching

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