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Size-Invariance Matters: Rethinking Metrics and Losses for Imbalanced Multi-object Salient Object Detection

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Feiran Xu, Qianqian Bao, Shilong Yang, Zhiyong Cong, Runmin Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Information Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan China Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and System Control Ministry of Education Jinan China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Sun Yat-Sen University Shenzhen Campus China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This paper explores the size-invariance of evaluation metrics in Salient Object Detection (SOD), especially when multiple targets of diverse sizes co-exist in the same image. We observe that current metrics are size-sensitive, where larger objects are focused, and smaller ones tend to be ignored. We argue that the evaluation should be size-invariant because bias based on size is unjustified without additional semantic information. In pursuit of this, we propose a generic approach that evaluates each salient object separately and then combines the results, effectively alleviating the imbalance. We further develop an optimization framework tailored to this goal, achieving considerable improvements in detecting objects of different sizes. Theoretically, we provide evidence supporting the validity of our new metrics and present the generalization analysis of SOD. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The code is available at https://***/Ferry-Li/SI-SOD. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

Attacking End-to-End Visual Navigation Model: How Weak Existing Learning-Based Approaches Can Be?

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Attacking End-to-End Visual Navigation Model: How Weak Exist...

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics

作者： Hongye Wang Kefan Jin Hesheng Wang Shanghai Jiao Tong University China MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405362

Learning-based self-driving techniques and vehicle navigation approaches are the most hot topics in recent years. However, existing approaches typically assume the attack-free sensor data, the safety issue under large disturbance or external attack have not been well-solved. In this article, we build a simple FGSM-based attack method designed by minimizing the maximum value of the extracted visual features in order to greatly decrease the performance of the popular learning model for vehicle navigation and even make it totally fail. The proposed min-max operation based feature space attack method solves the problems of branch activation uncertainties and the lack of labels. Furthermore, we also provide a general adversarial training framework which can be used to overcome the proposed feature space attack. Simulational experiments in CARLA platform demonstrate the effectiveness and practical applicability of our attacking approach and defence strategy.

关键词： Training Space vehicles Visualization Uncertainty Navigation Feature extraction Robustness

Research on Ultra-wideband Signal Detection Method Based on Improved Stochastic Resonance

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Research on Ultra-wideband Signal Detection Method Based on ...

Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Dingxin Zhang Shangbin Jiao Qing Zhang Yannan Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an China

ISBN: (数字)9781728176871

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176888

In order to improve the detection performance of ultra-wideband signals and obtain a higher detection signal-to-noise ratio, based on the traditional bistable stochastic resonance model, an improved stochastic resonance method is proposed to detect, analyze and compare pulse-modulated ultra-wideband signals. The simulation experiment proves that the improved stochastic resonance method has obvious effect on ultra-wideband signal detection, and is superior to traditional algorithms in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and cross-correlation coefficient.

关键词： Hafnium

Differential Private Discrete Noise Adding Mechanism: Conditions, Properties and Optimization

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Qin, Shuying He, Jianping Fang, Chongrong Lam, James The Dept. of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai China The Dept. of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong

Differential privacy is a standard framework to quantify the privacy loss in the data anonymization process. To preserve differential privacy, a random noise adding mechanism is widely adopted, where the trade-off between data privacy level and data utility is of great concern. The privacy and utility properties for the continuous noise adding mechanism have been well studied. However, the related works are insufficient for the discrete random mechanism on discretely distributed data, e.g., traffic data, health records. This paper focuses on the discrete random noise adding mechanisms. We study the basic differential privacy conditions and properties for the general discrete random mechanisms, as well as the trade-off between data privacy and data utility. Specifically, we derive a sufficient and necessary condition for discrete ∊-differential privacy and a sufficient condition for discrete (∊, δ)-differential privacy, with the numerical estimation of differential privacy parameters. These conditions can be applied to analyze the differential privacy properties for the discrete noise adding mechanisms with various kinds of noises. Then, with the differential privacy guarantees, we propose an optimal discrete ∊-differential private noise adding mechanism under the utility-maximization framework, where the utility is characterized by the similarity of the statistical properties between the mechanism's input and output. For this setup, we find that the class of the discrete noise probability distributions in the optimal mechanism is Staircase-shaped. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

Global Update Guided Federated Learning

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wu, Qilong Liu, Lin Xue, Shibei Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China School of Electronic Information Engineering Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai201306 China

Federated learning protects data privacy and security by exchanging models instead of data. However, unbalanced data distributions among participating clients compromise the accuracy and convergence speed of federated learning algorithms. To alleviate this problem, unlike previous studies that limit the distance of updates for local models, we propose global-update-guided federated learning (FedGG), which introduces a model-cosine loss into local objective functions, so that local models can fit local data distributions under the guidance of update directions of global models. Furthermore, considering that the update direction of a global model is informative in the early stage of training, we propose adaptive loss weights based on the update distances of local models. Numerical simulations show that, compared with other advanced algorithms, FedGG has a significant improvement on model convergence accuracies and speeds. Additionally, compared with traditional fixed loss weights, adaptive loss weights enable our algorithm to be more stable and easier to implement in practice. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data privacy

Arbitrary State Transition of Open Qubit system Based on Switching control

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Guangpu Xue, Shibei Ma, Shan Kuang, Sen Dong, Daoyi Petersen, Ian R. Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China School of Automation Central South University Changsha410083 China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China School of Engineering Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia

We present a switching control strategy based on Lyapunov control for arbitrary state transitions in open qubit systems. With coherent vector representation, we propose a switching control strategy, which can prevent the state of the qubit from entering invariant sets and singular value sets, effectively driving the system ultimately to a sufficiently small neighborhood of target states. In comparison to existing works, this control strategy relaxes the strict constraints on system models imposed by special target states. Furthermore, we identify conditions under which the open qubit system achieves finite-time stability (FTS) and finite-time contractive stability (FTCS), respectively. This represents a critical improvement in quantum state transitions, especially considering the asymptotic stability of arbitrary target states is unattainable in open quantum systems. The effectiveness of our proposed method is convincingly demonstrated through its application in a qubit system affected by various types of decoherence, including amplitude, dephasing and polarization decoherence. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Asymptotic stability

Entity Representation Learning with Multimodal Neighbors for Link Prediction in Knowledge Graph

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Entity Representation Learning with Multimodal Neighbors for...

International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

作者： Wenxuan Liu Hao Duan Zeng Li Jingdong Liu Hong Huo Tao Fang Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409513

Entity representation learning is both fundamental and crucial for link prediction in knowledge graph. Existing entity representation learning approaches mainly focus on learning from knowledge triples with single modal text data which could only describe the things or concepts in words. However, multimodal data commonly exists in the real worlds and may describe things or concepts from different aspects. Therefore, multimodal entities have emerged in knowledge graph in recent years, which greatly enrich the knowledge graph by different information. This paper focuses on how to learn more robust and comprehensive representations of multimodal entities for better link prediction. A new representation learning method for multimodal entities is proposed, called Graph Attention with Bi-pooling Representation Learning (GBRL), where multimodal fusion and knowledge embedding are combined for learning representations of an entity with consideration of its multimodal neighbors. Firstly, feature vectors are obtained by pre-trained models for each modality. Then, the bilinear pooling is utilized for combining feature vectors of multimodal entities into multimodal feature vectors. A two-layer graph attention module is followed to generate multimodal representations of an entity from its multimodal neighbors. Finally, the inception decoder uses multimodal knowledge embedding to calculate scores for link prediction. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method performs well on link prediction by consideration of multimodal entities comparing with traditional methods that using only single modal text data.

关键词： Representation learning Knowledge representation Feature extraction Decoding

Differentially Private Distributed Mismatch Tracking Algorithm for Constraint-Coupled Resource Allocation Problems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wu, Wenwen Zhu, Shanying Liu, Shuai Guan, Xinping Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan China

This paper considers privacy-concerned distributed constraint-coupled resource allocation problems over an undirected network, where each agent holds a private cost function and obtains the solution via only local communication. With privacy concerns, we mask the exchanged information with independent Laplace noise against a potential attacker with potential access to all network communications. We propose a differentially private distributed mismatch tracking algorithm (diff-DMAC) to achieve cost-optimal distribution of resources while preserving privacy. Adopting constant stepsizes, the linear convergence property of diff-DMAC in mean square is established under the standard assumptions of Lipschitz gradients and strong convexity. Moreover, it is theoretically proven that the proposed algorithm is t-differentially private. And we also show the trade-off between convergence accuracy and privacy level. Finally, a numerical example is provided for verification. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost functions

AU Nanoparticles Decorated Gan Nanoflowers with Enhanced Nh3 Sensing Performance at Room Temperature

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Han, Dan Chen, Yi Li, Donghui Shi, Jiexu Wang, Hongtao He, Xiuli Zhao, Li Wang, Weidong Sang, Shengbo Ji, Jianlong Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System The Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Bioengineering Research Center Medical Innovation Research Division Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science China

Surface modification with noble metal is considered as an effective strategy to enhance sensing performance of semiconductor gas sensors. In this work, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) decorated Gallium Nitride nanoflowers (Au-GaN NFs) have been synthesized successfully by a feasible hydrothermal method combined with high temperature nitridation and followed by in-situ reduction process. The characterizations of the structure and morphology of as-obtained Au-GaN NFs indicated that the Au NPs were successfully loaded on the surface of GaN. The excellent gas sensing performance was observed for GaN of 2 mol% Au loaded, including the high response (86.8%) to 100 ppm NH3 with fast response/recovery time (41 s/169 s) at room temperature, low theoretical limit of detection (72 ppb), good stability and selectivity. Besides, the influence of humidity on the performance of sensors was explored, where the response can be reached 56.5% towards 100 ppm NH3 under 70% RH. The improvement of the sensing performance of Au-GaN NFs sensor can be attributed to the combined action of chemical and electronic sensitization of Au NPs. This work provides a candidate of Au-GaN NFs for the development of wireless sensing system in NH3 monitoring. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanoflowers