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12th North American Conference on Multiphase Production technology, MPNA 2024

作者： Kumar, P. Sanderse, B. Esquivel, P.I. Rosen Henkes, R.A.W.M. Delft University of Technology Netherlands Netherlands Shell Projects & Technology Netherlands Delft University of Technology Shell Projects & Technology Netherlands

The energy industry has decades of experience with modelling the multiphase flow of gas, oil, and water through wells and pipelines. This has led to state-of-the art design tools like OLGA and LedaFlow. Currently, the industry is working on upgrading the multiphase flow tools, to make them reliable for the design of CO2 transport. A particular challenge is modeling CO2 transport under two-phase flow conditions, which occurs during transient operations and even during steady-state operation for the case of injection into depleted gas reservoirs. This paper presents an accurate numerical method to solve the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model for single component CO2 transport under single-phase and two-phase flow conditions. The model performance is demonstrated through several test cases featuring fast transients. The same test cases are also simulated with OLGA, and a few of them also with LedaFlow and WANDA. The model and the test cases can be used as a basis for further developing, testing, and optimizing the numerical methods used to model CO2 transport. Our study shows that state-of-the art simulation models can provide numerically reliable solutions for fast transients with two-phase CO2 flow in pipes. © 2024 12th North American Conference on Multiphase Production technology, MPNA 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Learnings from the Standardization of Quality Procurement Specifications

Learnings from the Standardization of Quality Procurement Sp...

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2023 Offshore technology Conference, OTC 2023

作者： Reed, Michele Harris, David Antony Shell/Projects Technology International Association of Oil Gas Producers

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999745

Operators and Engineering, Procurement and Construction contractors (EPCs) have traditionally had their own quality requirements for the same products offered by the same manufacturers causing increased complexity, delivery and costs to each purchaser. Through IOGP JIP33 (International Oil and Gas Producers, Joint Industry Programme), industry-level standardized product requirements are being implemented to improve capital efficiency through industry-wide standardization. This paper discusses the learnings and challenges of deploying the standardization of specifically the Quality Requirements Specification (QRS) through the various operators who participate in IOGP and how this impacts digitization of quality requirements. JIP33 standardized procurement specifications are developed by product Subject Matter Experts and contain standardized Technical Requirement Specifications (TRS), Quality Requirements, Information Requirements and Procurement Data Sheet. The Quality Requirements Specification (QRS) provides standardized quality interventions and defines the purchaser's involvement based on the purchaser's criticality rating. All JIP33 specifications are free to use by any organization. With over 50 product and support specifications published and with 5 years of implementation, the JIP33 Quality Network now provides implementation guides and training materials to share learnings and help companies implement the QRS. In March 2022, the JIP33 Sponsoring companies conducted a survey which found that 43% of published quality specifications were implemented even though the technical specifications were over 60% implemented. This led to further review to determine the challenges of implementing standardized quality requirements for products. The results indicated a few common challenges including: • Differences in procurement processes and responsible parties (procurement vs engineering) across the industry. • Lack of understanding on how the QRS impacts the Inspection

关键词： Specifications

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Case Study on Retrofitted HEPA Filtration to Offshore Gas Turbine Inlet House and its Benefit

Case Study on Retrofitted HEPA Filtration to Offshore Gas Tu...

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2024 Offshore technology Conference Asia, OTCA 2024

作者： Shaharuddin, Mohamed Arif Bin Mohamed Hao, Chai Jun Vui, Chow Kim Projects & Technology Sarawak Shell Berhad Sabah Shell Petroleum Co. Malaysia Sarawak Shell Berhad Sabah Shell Petroleum Co. Malaysia Independent Authorship Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781959025030

Gumusut Kakap semi-submersible Floating Production System (GK sFPS) is one of shell operated deepwater asset in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. There are 3 production centers with water injection and gas injection facility. For gas injection facility, there are two units of gas turbine driving compressor barrels namely, HPC1 & HPC2. The gas injection facility serves as gas reinjection for reservoir management. For gas turbine, preventative maintenance is required for water-washing the gas turbine internal components which is a gas generator prior to combustion. For GK sFPS, the gas turbine is an aeroderivative type gas turbine. Preventative maintenance is required due to dirt accumulated at the blades area (Naeem, Singh and Probert 2001). Water-washing period typically takes about 24 hours from shut down initiation, gas turbine cool-down period, water-washing activity, and starting up the unit again. Specifically shutting down HPC1 & HPC2, this involves system blowdown of the driven compressor barrels which incur flaring and impact to Green House Gas. The intent of water-washing a gas turbine is to recover performance losses associated from dirt accumulation (also known as fouling) over time. The dirt accumulation is condition based on air quality filtration (i.e. filter efficiency) in filtering out dust, salts and other particles that affects gas turbine performance (Golbabaei, et al. 2013). Copyright © 2024, Offshore technology Conference.

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Journey of effectively using real-time production surveillance tool in digital transformation and well, reservoir and facility management improvements

Journey of effectively using real-time production surveillan...

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SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition 2021, APOG 2021

作者： Sahu, Sambit Kumar Lauwerys, Christophe Abdullah, Zulfikri Muhammad, Mariana Jamil Agrawal, Divya Shell Projects and Technology Brunei Shell Petroleum

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997833

In 2014, SPE-167857-MS was published highlighting how Real-Time Surveillance using the shell proprietary Production Universe (PU) application helped to reduce deferment, improve production allocation, optimize test unit capacity, and track well operating envelope in Brunei shell Petroleum BSP (company) operations in South East Asia. Since then, there has been significant progress in the application of PU to help the company meet Wells Reservoir Management (WRFM) requirements and Operational Excellence standards in areas such as Platform Production Reconciliation, Well Modeling, Production Estimation, and Exception based Surveillance helping the company to improve their Hydrocarbon and Energy Accounting. The wider introduction of the PU application in the allocation process significantly helped in Hydrocarbon Accounting (HCA), helping company's journey in moving from monthly to daily allocation and assisting to improve the field reconciliation factor (RF). The utilization of PU has also facilitated real-time monitoring of production parameters supporting engineers to safely and efficiently operate their wells within the Operating Envelopes while adhering to reservoir management guidelines. The optimization engine of the PU has been used to maximize the production of company contributing to two major success stories of Real-Time Condensate Optimization in a Gas-Constraint system and Gas Lift Optimization in a platform with limited lift gas availability amongst the producing wells. An Integrated Production Monitoring and Optimization System (IPMOS) provides asset-wide advice on optimally producing company's well within the constraints imposed by limitations on pipeline capacity, compressor throughput, and remote operability while satisfying customer demands. PU is additionally being used in Proactive Technical Monitoring (PTM) of rotating equipment to identify the critical parameters operating outside the set limits in an exception-based format. PU alerts & alarms have

关键词： Monitoring

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EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL AND CORROSION PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENT USING GMAW MODIFIED WAVEFORM SHORT CIRCUIT WELDING PROCESS WITHOUT BACKING GAS

EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL AND CORROSION PROPERTIES OF STAINLE...

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ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, PVP 2024

作者： Randhawa, Dishoo Penso, Jorge Soltaninia, Shahab Chiluvuri, Sivakumar Fluor Canada CalgaryAB Canada Shell Projects and Technology HoustonTX United States Fluor Corporation Aliso ViejoCA United States LNG Canada KitimatBC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888506

This paper presents mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of stainless steel weldment with root pass deposited using GMAW modified waveform short circuit welding process without backing gas, referred to as No-Backing Gas (NBG) welding process in this paper. While other welding techniques exist that also omit backing gas for similar applications, the term No-Backing Gas (NBG) is employed here for simplicity’s sake. Data has been obtained using 316LSi stainless steel filler metal on 304L stainless steel base metal. Test work included a baseline coupon, deposited using a GTAW root pass back purged with inert gas, as this has traditionally been the industry best practice for welding stainless steel pipe to minimize internal surface contamination and oxidation. NBG test coupons were welded using GMAW-P for second pass and FCAW for remaining passes. Baseline GTAW coupon was welded using GTAW for second pass and FCAW for remaining passes. Test work included ASME BPVC Section IX required tests, Charpy v-notch impact test, ferrite test, macrograph, hardness examination, and corrosion immersion tests ASTM A262 Practice C and ASTM G48 Modified Method E. The obtained results were assessed for cryogenic temperature application requirements of ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code and for mildly corrosive service applications (see Note-1 below). The paper also discusses the challenges associated with ASTM G48 Method E for testing of 304 stainless steel weldments and use of a modified, fit-for-purpose G48 method to evaluate results. Furthermore, the authors share lessons learned and recommendations from their experience on a recent project on which NBG welding was extensively used on stainless steel piping. Note-1: Corrosion tests are based on standardized solutions and may not be representative of all applications. Users should establish their own qualification for the intended service application. Copyright © 2024 by shell Global Solutions.

关键词： Steel corrosion

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Data Centric Verification to Streamline Project Planning and Execution

Data Centric Verification to Streamline Project Planning and...

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Offshore technology Conference, OTC 2021

作者： Michele, Reed Royal Dutch Shell/Projects and Technology United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781613997871

There have been numerous calls for O&G companies to rethink the way they carry out capital projects. Various studies have highlighted that opportunities to enhance productivity exist from early development through to construction and handover to operations. Companies that are can realize these opportunities can complete projects safer and faster, reduce costs and quality issues, and improve schedule predictability. This paper presents data centric verification as a key enabler for such change, as it focusses on delivery of desired outcomes – the key to successful projects. This paper presents the rapid benefits that can be harvested, if the effort to put data centric verification in place is made. The following aspects are detailed to illustrate the benefits that are achievable: • The wide variety of checking and confirmation activities on projects that frequently overlap, happen too late or don't focus on the correct aspects can be streamlined through a unified verification approach. • Using a data centric approach to the set up and tracking of verification activities can support analytics to enable better planning and early identification of issues. • Traceability in the data centric approach will enable quicker identification of root causes and remediations. • Handover to operations moves from a document accumulation exercise to a data custody transfer. A typical O&G project is executed by a consortium of companies from owner/operators, engineering, procurement and construction companies, various suppliers and equipment manufacturers, etc. Data centric verification, if achieved, can only be through collaboration on a commonly agreed approach. © 2021, Offshore technology Conference. All rights reserved.

关键词： Offshore oil well production

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Maximise sulfur recovery, minimise carbon intensity

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Hydrocarbon Engineering 2022年第10期27卷 21-24页

作者： Kidambi, Ganesh Shell Projects & Technology Hans Wijnbelt Shell Catalysts & Technologies

Demand for energy is set to rise as the global population and standards of living continue to grow. Current energy systems, however, are carbon-intensive and must undergo a rapid transition to lower-carbon alternatives if we are to limit the global average temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, as set out by the Paris Agreement.

关键词： Carbon

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A new temperature evolution equation that enforces thermodynamic vapour-liquid equilibrium in multiphase flows - application to CO2 modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kumar, Pardeep Sanderse, Benjamin Rosen Esquivel, Patricio I. Henkes, R.A.W.M. Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Amsterdam Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Shell Projects and Technology Amsterdam Netherlands Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

This work presents a novel framework for numerically simulating the depressurization of tanks and pipelines containing carbon dioxide (CO2). The framework focuses on efficient solution strategies for the coupled system of fluid flow equations and thermodynamic constraints. A key contribution lies in proposing a new set of equations for phase equilibrium calculations which simplifies the traditional vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations for two-phase CO2 mixtures. The first major novelty resides in the reduction of the conventional four-equation VLE system to a single equation, enabling efficient solution using a non-linear solver. This significantly reduces computational cost compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, a second novelty is introduced by deriving an ordinary differential equation (ODE) directly from the UV-Flash equation. This ODE can be integrated alongside the governing fluid flow equations, offering a computationally efficient approach for simulating depressurization processes. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Two phase flow

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A New Temperature Evolution Equation that Enforces Thermodynamic Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium in Multiphase Flows - Application to Co2 Modeling

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kumar, Pardeep Sanderse, Benjamin Rosen Esquivel, Patricio I. Henkes, Ruud A.W.M. Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Amsterdam Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Shell Projects and Technology Amsterdam Netherlands Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

关键词： Two phase flow

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Simulation of slug propagation for by-pass pigging in two-phase stratified pipe flow 19

Simulation of slug propagation for by-pass pigging in two-ph...

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BHR 19th International Conference on Multiphase Production technology

作者： Hendrix, M.H.W. Sanderse, B. Breugem, W.-P. Henkes, R.A.W.M. Shell Projects and Technology Netherlands Delft University of Technology Netherlands Netherlands

The present paper is focused on the development of an accurate 1D numerical model for pig motion in two-phase flow. The focus will be on the liquid slug that is accumulated in front of the pig, the so-called pig-generated slug. Under the assumption of a stratified flow, we first discuss the academic case of liquid slug accumulation where we neglect the viscosity of the fluids. The size of the liquid slug will then effectively be determined by the speed of the hydrostatic wave which runs ahead of the pig. We also consider the more realistic case which includes the viscosity of the fluid. Finally, we discuss the effect of the presence of a by-pass in the pig on the accumulated liquid slug. © BHR Group MPT2019

关键词： Viscosity

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