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Precipitating Carbonate Process for Energy Efficient Post-combustion CO2 Capture

Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 1881-1887页

作者： Robert Moene Lodi Schoon Jiri van Straelen Frank Geuzebroek Shell Global Solutions International B.V Projects & Technology Shell (Petroleum Mining) Co. Ltd (NZ)

The precipitating carbonate process utilizes the carbonate to bicarbonate reaction for the absorption of CO 2 followed by precipitation and concentration of part of the bicarbonate before entering the regenerator. This process can be an attractive alternative for existing carbon-capture post-combustion technologies because of its energy efficiency potential. Screening pilot plant experiments of the precipitating carbonate process have shown sufficiently high cyclic loadings and confirmed the operation at the predicted low stripping steam rates. The CO 2 vapour pressure of lean solvent entering the absorber was low enough to supply sufficient driving force for 90% removal of CO 2 from flue gas containing 4% CO 2 . This needs to be further demonstrated in a further improved pilot-plant set-up.

关键词： CO 2 capture Post-combustion Crystallization Precipitation Potassium carbonate

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Containment Risk Management for CO 2 Storage in a Depleted Gas Field, UK North Sea

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 4804-4817页

作者： Owain Tucker Martin Holley Richard Metcalfe Sheryl Hurst Shell Projects and Technology Aberdeen UK Quintessa Limited Henley on Thames UK RisktecSolutions Warrington UK

In order to show that a CO 2 offshore storage site is secure, it must be effectively characterized and a full understanding of any risks, and their management, must be in place. The Goldeneye candidate CO 2 storage site, centred on a depleted gas field, is used as a worked example. Two techniques for assessing the suitability and containment risks of a potential storage site were employed. A methodology based on Evidence Support Logic (ESL), as implemented in the TESLA software, is used to assess the suitability of the site, while the specific containment risk is assessed using the Bow-tie risk assessment methodology.

关键词： CO 2 sequestration Risk assessment Bow-tie TESLA offshoreContainment ESL

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technology Assessment of Oxy-firing of Process Heater Burners

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Energy Procedia 2013年 37卷 7793-7801页

作者： Cliff Lowe Nick Brancaccio Jamal Jamaluddin Jaime A. Erazo Charles E. Baukal Chevron Energy Technology Company Richmond CA USA Shell Projects and Technology Houston TX USA John Zink Co. LLC Tulsa OK USA

The objective of this development program is to assess the feasibility of retrofitting burners for oxy-firing in process heaters. A secondary objective is to confirm this feasibility assessment by conducting single burner oxy-fired testing with flue gas recycle. The CO2 Capture Project commissioned the John Zink Company to conduct oxy-fired testing on two of their conventional process heater burner

关键词： Oxy-firing refinery heaters burners

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Understanding the effect of DISI injector deposits on vehicle performance

Understanding the effect of DISI injector deposits on vehicl...

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SAE 2012 World Congress and Exhibition

作者： Joedicke, Arndt Krueger-Venus, Jens Bohr, Peter Cracknell, Roger Doyle, David Shell Projects and Technology United States

Combustion in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines is strongly influenced by the in-cylinder charge motion. The charge motion depends both on the injection strategy as well as the geometry of the combustion chamber/air intake system and the physical location of the injectors (side mounted vs. centrally mounted). For boosted and downsized DISI engines, many manufacturers are favouring a single late injection or a split injection strategy. This has the advantage of creating high levels of turbulence which leads to faster combustion and improved thermodynamic efficiency. Furthermore the charge cooling offers enhanced knock resistance, thereby allowing more spark advance. The calibration of such engines is critical: the prize of greater thermodynamic efficiency must be balanced against the risks of charge inhomogeneity, namely excessive particulate emissions and poor drivability. A bench mounted four cylinder turbo DISI was operated with a fuel designed to promote injector fouling. After making the injectors dirty under normal driving conditions, a progressive increase in injection duration was observed, combined with deterioration in combustion efficiency. Normal operation using a fuel with detergent additive was found to be able to restore the performance of the engine. Copyright © 2012 shell Global Solutions GmbH.

关键词： Ignition

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The Longannet to Goldeneye Project: Challenges in developing an end-to-end CCS scheme

The Longannet to Goldeneye Project: Challenges in developing...

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Carbon Management technology Conference 2012

作者： Garnham, P.J. Tucker, O.D. Shell Projects and Technology United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781618396112

As we all know Carbon Capture and Storage is a key technology in helping to move to a less carbon intensive world. The concept is simple: capture the products of combustion that have a deleterious effect on the environment, and dispose of them safely - an elegant disposal solution being to put them back underground. The reality is less simple. There are technical challenges of scale - how to move from the lab to the giant power station - and of safety;geological challenges - how to show that it will not leak out;commercial challenges - how to fund the project, how to manage liability;and finally regulatory and societal challenges stemming from the novelty of the projects. Over the past four years a consortium of shell, National Grid and ScottishPower has been working together, sponsored by the UK Government CCS Demonstration "competition" to try to develop a commercial scale CCS project. The project that emerged from this collaboration involved a proposal to capture two million tonnes of CO2 per annum from Longannet Power Station near Edinburgh, and transport it for storage in the offshore Goldeneye depleted gas reservoir approx 400 km away in the North Sea, starting in 2015/2016. The Consortium engaged on an extensive FEED (Front End Engineering Design) programme, combined with regulatory engagement and significant commercial negotiation. This high level of maturity means that we have what we believe are well thought out answers to the challenges outlined above. This paper describes the journey and discusses the main challenges and their solutions. Copyright 2012, Carbon Management technology Conference.

关键词： Carbon capture

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Prelude FLNG development environmental footprint and conditions of approval in a post Montara and Macondo world

Prelude FLNG development environmental footprint and conditi...

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SPE/APPEA International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2012: Protecting People and the Environment - Evolving Challenges

作者： Caymo, Arphee Cohen, Brian Shell Projects and Technology Australia Shell Development Australia Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781622763931

In May 2011 shell announced its commitment to the development of a Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) concept by taking the Financial Investment Decision on the Prelude FLNG Project. Prelude is located in Australian offshore waters, approximately 475 km north-northeast of Broome and 825 km west of Darwin, and will be shell's and possibly the world's first FLNG development. FLNG offers a number of environmental advantages over traditional onshore LNG developments. This paper describes some of these and the associated environmental permitting/approval conditions for the project. Copyright 2012, SPE/APPEA International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production.

关键词： Investments

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The longannet to goldeneye project: Challenges in developing an end-to-end ccs scheme

The longannet to goldeneye project: Challenges in developing...

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Carbon Management technology Conference 2012

作者： Garnham, Paul Tucker, Owain Shell Projects and Technology Aberdeen United Kingdom

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Dependence of severe slugging on the orientation angle of the pipeline upstream of the riser base

Dependence of severe slugging on the orientation angle of th...

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8th North American Conference on Multiphase technology

作者： Malekzadeh, R. Henkes, R.A.W.M. Mudde, R.F. Delft University of Technology Netherlands Shell Projects and Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781855981294

At constant inflow conditions, large-amplitude pressure and flow rate fluctuations may occur in a pipeline-riser system operating at relatively low liquid and gas flow rates. This periodic flow instability has been referred to as severe slugging. In this experimental study, three different orientation angles of the pipeline upstream of the riser base were investigated. The experiments were carried out in a downward inclined pipeline, in a horizontal pipeline and in a hilly-terrain pipeline followed by a vertical riser. Air and water were used as the experimental fluids. For each pipeline-riser configuration, different types of flow instability were found. © BHR Group 2012.

关键词： Pipelines

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Experiments and modelling of multiple holdup states for gas/liquid flow in a pipeline

Experiments and modelling of multiple holdup states for gas/...

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8th North American Conference on Multiphase technology

作者： Birvalski, M. Henkes, R.A.W.M. Delft University of Technology Netherlands Shell Projects and Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781855981294

In this study, the occurrence of multiple solutions in stratified flows was investigated. The model equations give multiple holdup solutions for certain flow regimes - in small angle upflows with low liquid velocity (low liquid loading) and with low to moderate gas velocity. We applied a steady state as well as a transient flow model, supplied with different closures, verifying the structural stability of different solutions. We compared our model results to observations in our own experiments for zero net liquid flow, and also with two experimental cases by other authors, who investigated the occurrence of hysteresis or holdup discontinuities in stratified flows. © BHR Group 2012.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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CFD modeling of the flow around a by-pass pig

CFD modeling of the flow around a by-pass pig

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8th North American Conference on Multiphase technology

作者： Singh, A. Henkes, R.A.W.M. Shell Projects and Technology Netherlands Delft University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781855981294

By-pass pigging, as compared to normal pigging, reduces the pig-generated liquid slug. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was applied to understand the flow in and around the by-pass pig under both single phase and multiphase flow conditions. This can help to optimize the velocity of the pig and to define the proper operating envelop, that prevents that the pig gets stuck in the pipeline. Three levels of modeling have been investigated, namely: analytical (i.e. single point multiphase flow correlations), 1D (i.e. using the dynamic pipeline simulator OLGA) and 2D/3D CFD (using Fluent). In the CFD analysis a 2D axis-symmetric model for the single phase flow through the by-pass area is created. Furthermore, CFD simulations were carried out for the multiphase flow in a 2D channel to investigate the mechanism of the reduction in pig-generated volume. The multiphase flow results show four zones in which the flow downstream of the pig can be classified. © BHR Group 2012.

关键词： Multiphase flow

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