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2010 AIChE Spring Meeting and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety, 10AIChE

作者： Powell, Joseph B. Shell Projects and Technology Houston TX United States

Recycle CO2 as a fuel, requires a low carbon-footprint energy source supplied via an open system to revert CO2, which is completely thermodynamically degraded as a fuel, to fuel status. The resulting "fuel" ...

ISBN: (纸本)9780816910649

Recycle CO₂ as a fuel, requires a low carbon-footprint energy source supplied via an open system to revert CO₂, which is completely thermodynamically degraded as a fuel, to fuel status. The resulting "fuel" is perhaps best described as an "energy carrier" for the low footprint energy source used to create it. A discussion covers the energy sources for recycle of CO₂ as an "energy carrier";hydrogen as key intermediate or competing technology;and non-hydrogen routes to CO₂ recycle. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2010 Spring National Meeting (San Antonio, TX 3/21-25/2010).

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What does it take to evaluate a potential CO2 storage site? The ZeroGen example

What does it take to evaluate a potential CO2 storage site? ...

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作者： James, Simon Garnett, Andrew Kumar, Giridhar Kumar, Viren Rao, Narasimha Trivedi, Bhaskar Gupta, Arjit Salunke, Sarita Sarkar, Subhendu Srinivasan, Ashwin Meen, Prem Doran, Seán Hall, Nick Barlas, Peter Shell Projects and Technology India ZeroGen Pty Ltd. India

ISBN: (纸本)9781617820434

The effort, timeline and budget required for CO2 storage site characterization is often underestimated. Depending upon geology, volumes and composition of the CO2 stream to be stored, data acquisition, that may involve appraisal wells, injection tests, Special Core Analysis (SCAL), geomechanical and geochemical experiments, the timeline to conduct the site characterization may run into years and the budget required into tens of millions of dollars. Experience in site characterization, in many different CO2 storage projects, has enabled a "roadmap" to be developed showing key decisions and work activities from initial screening through to the final investment decision. The primary focus of the roadmap is on the work scope of an integrated subsurface team, but it is part of a broader integrated set of activities which include capture, transportation, and storage elements. This roadmap has been used in the characterization of a CO2 Storage Site for ZeroGen in Queensland, Australia. For each phase of the project, work activities are directed at reducing uncertainties to the point that key project decisions can be taken. The culmination is a final CO2 Storage Site Development Plan. Interdisciplinary risk and uncertainty assessments are key steps along the way which drive appraisal and data collection tactics. As new data is assimilated into the site assessment the work proceeds, in an iterative manner, as the views on Storage Site Capacity, Injectivity and Containment evolve. Throughout the site characterization phases, common threads, like the Monitoring Measurement and Verification strategy, are matured from an initial range of identified approaches and technologies into an Operating Philosophy. Constant and early attention and priority is given to Heath, Safety, Environmental and Community issues throughout the work activities and milestone reviews. Besides our personal and corporate responsibility to the community and environment, establishing a strong record of safe

关键词： Data acquisition

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Detecting hydrocarbons in carbonates: Joint interpretation of CSEM and seismic 80

Detecting hydrocarbons in carbonates: Joint interpretation o...

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Society of Exploration Geophysicists International Exposition and 80th Annual Meeting 2010, SEG 2010

作者： Vossepoel, Femke Darnet, Mathieu Gesbert, Stéphane Gonzalez, Ezequiel Hindriks, Folkert Kelly, Roseleen Sandrin, Alessandro Jensen, Line Uldall, Anette Shell Projects and Technology United States Shell Olie og Gasudvinding United States Maersk Olie og Gas AS United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781617389801

Quantitative interpretation (QI) of seismic data has been successfully used to predict reservoir properties such as porosity and fluid fill. In specific cases, however, adding resistivity estimates of the subsurface to the QI can reduce ambiguities in the properties prediction. Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) sounding methods provide these estimates. By making use of their complementary nature, integration of seismic and electromagnetic datasets has been used to estimate the height of hydrocarbon-filled porous carbonate. In this paper, we present a methodology for joint interpretation, which can help us to discriminate tight carbonates from porous carbonates, and to differentiate between brine and hydrocarbon fill. When applied to a field in a carbonate setting, the estimated hydrocarbon column height corresponds qualitatively with the saturation height estimate based on production data. © 2010 SEG.

关键词： Carbonates

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Digital characterization of an Aptian carbonate platform margin from the western Maestrat basin (E Iberia)

Digital characterization of an Aptian carbonate platform mar...

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作者： Bover-Arnal, T. Gratacós, O. García-Sellés, D. Falivene, O. Salas, R. Munoz, J.A. Cabello, P. University of Bayreuth Germany Institut de Recerca Geomodels Spain Shell Projects and Technology United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781617386671

A digital outcrop model of a flat-topped non-rimmed carbonate platform margin of Aptian age was acquired using LIDAR technology. This was the basis for the reconstruction and modelling of the outcropping carbonate platform system. The resulting three-dimensional model displays the depositional geometries and facies heterogeneity. It also demonstrates the value of digital outcrop models to characterize features at different scales that are difficult to observe in the outcrops, as well as the potential of this methodology to refine outcrop-based sequence stratigraphic analyses. © 2010, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.

关键词： Stratigraphy

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Integrated discipline approach to conquer asphaltene challenges in onshore Abu Dhabi oil fields

Integrated discipline approach to conquer asphaltene challen...

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作者： Grutters, Mark Ramanathan, Karthik Naafs, Dennis Clarke, Ed Huo, Zhongxin Abdallah, Dalia Zwolle, Simon Stankiewicz, Artur Shell Projects and Technology Netherlands Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations United Arab Emirates Shell Abu Dhabi B.V. United Arab Emirates Schlumberger Services Techniques Testing HQ France

ISBN: (纸本)9781617820434

This paper describes an integrated discipline approach to investigate and mitigate asphaltene challenges in an onshore Abu Dhabi oil field. This large carbonate field produces from three reservoirs with substantial lateral variation of fluid properties. Several wells in the northeastern part of the field producing from one of the three oil reservoirs suffer from asphaltene deposition in the wellbore. A multidisciplinary team of experts from shell and ADCO worked closely together to evaluate the natural controls on asphaltene stability in this oilfield and to predict whether deposition in other areas of the field may be expected in the future. In addition, a robust inhibition and mitigation strategy has been developed. A thorough review of production and well intervention data, combined with detailed analysis of field deposits confirmed that wellbore deposition was due to asphaltenes in approximately one third of all the affected wells. In order to understand the variability in fluid properties, a wellhead sampling and fluid analysis campaign was carried out (39 wells distributed across the field). Analyses of basic fluid properties such as API, S%, Ni, V, SARA supported by more sophisticated geochemical characterization data of the reservoir fluids clearly demonstrated that the lateral variability in fluid properties from NE to SW is attributed to two processes: (1) geological mixing of fluids from different sources into the reservoir, and (2) maturity variation of fluids form the same source in the reservoir. Furthermore, stock tank oil asphaltene stability tests clearly indicated that fluids from the NE have a high tendency to be unstable with respect to asphaltene precipitation, and fluids from the SW of the field are stable. These results are in agreement with field observations. The confirmation of the field data with simple laboratory tests allowed for the development of empirical correlations between certain fluids properties and the risk of asphaltene precip

关键词： Deposition

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The Ainsa quarry outcrop revisited via orientation models built from LIDAR data

The Ainsa quarry outcrop revisited via orientation models bu...

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72nd European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2010

作者： Arbués, Pau García-Sellés, David Falivene, Oriol Gratacós, Òscar Muñoz, Josep Antón Departament d'Estratigrafia Paleontologia i Geociències Marines Facultat de Geologia Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franqués s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain Departament de Geodinàmica i Geofisica Facultat de Geologia Universitat de Barcelona Marti i Franqués s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain Institut de Recerca GEOMODELS Facultat de Geologia Universität de Barcelona Marti i Franqués s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain Shell Projects and Technology Kessler Park 1 2288 GS Rijswijk Netherlands

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Instability of a simplified model of a free hanging riser conveying fluid

Instability of a simplified model of a free hanging riser co...

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23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

作者： Kuiper, Guido Metrikine, Andrei Efthymiou, Mike Fac. of Civ. Eng. and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 2628 CN Delft Netherlands Shell Intl. Explor. and Prod. B.V. EP-Projects Visseringlaan 19 2280 AB Rijswijk Netherlands

Studying stability of a vertically suspended, fully submerged pipe conveying water (free-hanging water intake riser), researchers have found that if a critical flow velocity is reached, these pipes may flutter. However, there are different predictions for the value of this critical velocity. Researchers have mentioned values changing from infinitely small fluid velocities up to velocities which are unachievable in practice. The nonlinear hydrodynamic damping caused by the surrounding water seems to be crucial for correct description of the stability of the submerged riser aspirating fluid. In this paper, using the Morison's equation, the nonlinear drag is taken into account as a function of the relative velocity between the current and the velocity of the riser itself. The nonlinear system is studied employing the Galerkin method. Ten-mode discretization turns out to be necessary to obtain an accurate result. It is shown that the current has a strong stabilizing effect. If the internal fluid flow exceeds a critical velocity the riser performs self-sustained oscillations with the amplitude smaller than one diameter.

关键词： Marine risers

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Effects of process control changes on aquifer oxygenation rates during in situ air sparging in homogeneous aquifers

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1996年第4期16卷 132-141页

作者： Rutherford, KW Johnson, PC Kyle Rutherford received his master's degree in civil and environmental engineering from Arizona State University in December 1995 specializing in contaminant fate and transport. Rutherford was formerly an officer in the U.S. Navy Civil Engineer Corps and is a professional engineer in Arizona and Indiana. He currently manages environmental projects for Groundwater Technology Inc. in Tempe Arizona. Dr. Paul C. Johnson is an associate professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Arizona State University (ASU) in Tempe Arizona. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5306). He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the University of California at Davis and Princeton University respectively. His research and teaching interests focus on the development of cost-effective and innovative solutions to problems related to environmental protection environmental restoration and environmental risk analyses including issues such as aquifer protection risk and exposure assessment remedial method development and waste management. Prior to joining the faculty at ASU he was a senior research engineer at Shell Oil Co.'s Westhollow Research Center from 1987 to 1994.

In situ air sparging is used to remediate petroleum fuels and chlorinated solvents present as submerged contaminant source zones and dissolved contaminant plumes, or to provide barriers to dissolved contaminant plume migration. Contaminant removal occurs through a combination of volatilization and aerobic biodegradation: thus, the performance at any given site depends on the contaminant and oxygen mass transfer rates induced by the air injection. It has been hypothesized that these rates are sensitive to changes in process flow conditions and site lithology, but no data is available to identify trends or the magnitude of the changes. In this work, oxygenation rates were measured for a range of air injection rates, ground water now rates, and pulsing frequencies using a laboratory-scale two-dimensional physical model constructed to simulate a homogeneous hydrogeologic setting. Experiments were conducted with water having low chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. Results suggest the following: that there is an optimum air injection rate;advective flow of ground water can be a significant factor when ground water velocities are > 0.3 m/d;and pulsing the air injection had little effect an the oxygenation rate relative to the continuous air injection case.

关键词： Aquifers

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A Selection of Recent Advances in C1 Chemistry

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Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 1000年第1期7卷 223-238页

作者： Carl Mesters Royal Dutch Shell–Projects and Technology Shell Technology Center Houston Houston Texas 77082 email: carl.mesters@***

This review presents a selection of recent publications related to the chemistry and catalysis of C1 molecules, including methane, methanol, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. These molecules play an important role in the current supply of energy and chemicals and will likely become even more relevant because of the need to decarbonize fuels (shift from coal to natural gas) in line with CO2 capture and use to mitigate global warming, as well as a gradual shift on the supply side from crude oil to natural gas. This review includes both recent industrial developments, such as the huge increase in methanol-to-olefins-capacity build in China and the demonstration of oxidative coupling of methane, and scientific developments in these chemistries facilitated by improved capabilities in, for example, analytical tools and computational modeling.

关键词： chemistry catalysis methane carbon dioxide methanol carbon monoxide

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