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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hu, Xin Zhao, Shou-Xin Li, Yang Sun, Zhao-Yuan Zhen, Liang Xu, Cheng-Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Center for Analysis and Measurement Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Shenzhen518055 China

Electrochemical gating has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to tune the physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, leading to lots of fascinating quantum phenomena. However, the reported liquid-nature electrolytes (e.g., ionic liquid and ion-gel) cover the top surface of 2D materials, introduce the strain at the hetero-interface, and present sensitivity to humidity, which strongly limits the further exploration of the hetero-interface between electrolyte and 2D materials, and their wide applications for electronics and optoelectronics. Herein, by introducing a lithium-ion solid-state electrolyte, the character of the electric double layer (EDL) at hetero-interface and its effect on the optical property of transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) have been revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and (time-resolved) photoluminescence measurements. The work function of TMDs can be strongly tailored by electrochemical gating, up to 0.7eV for WSe2 and 0.3 eV for MoS2, respectively. Besides, from the gate-dependent surface potential of TMDs with different thicknesses, the potential drop across the EDL has been quantitatively revealed. Furthermore, from the gate-dependent PL emission at room temperature, monolayer WS2 exhibits only neutral exciton emission in the whole range of gate voltage applied, which also exhibits exciton-exciton annihilation with (1.99 ± 0.27 ⅹ10-3 cm2 / s). Our results demonstrate that lithium-ion substrate is a promising alternative to explore the physics of 2D materials and the hetero-interface of electrolyte/2D materials by easily integrating both scanning probe and optical techniques. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tungsten compounds

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Hexagonal Close-packed Polar-Skyrmion Lattice in Ultrathin Ferroelectric PbTiO3 Films

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yuan, Shuai Chen, Zuhuang Prokhorenko, Sergei Nahas, Yousra Bellaiche, Laurent Liu, Chenhan Xu, Bin Chen, Lang Das, Sujit Martin, Lane W. School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China Physics Department Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Micro- and Nano-scale Thermal Measurement and Thermal Management Laboratory School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210046 China Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Jiangsu Suzhou215006 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Polar skyrmions are topologically stable, swirling polarization textures with particle-like characteristics, which hold promise for next-generation, nanoscale logic and memory. While understanding of how to create ordered polar skyrmion lattice structures and how such structure respond to applied electric fields, temperature, and film thickness remains elusive. Here, using phase-field simulations, the evolution of polar topology and the emergence of a phase transition to a hexagonal close-packed skyrmion lattice is explored through the construction of a temperature-electric field phase diagram for ultrathin ferroelectric PbTiO3 films. The hexagonal-lattice skyrmion crystal can be stabilized under application of an external, out-of-plane electric field which carefully adjusts the delicate interplay of elastic, electrostatic, and gradient energies. In addition, the lattice constants of the polar skyrmion crystals are found to increase with film thickness, consistent with expectation from Kittel's law. Our studies pave the way for the development of novel ordered condensed matter phases assembled from topological polar textures and related emergent properties in nanoscale ferroelectrics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric fields

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Hierarchically Porous Few-Layer Carbon Nitride and Its High H+Selectivity for Efficient Photocatalytic Seawater Splitting

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Nano Letters 2023年第10期23卷 4390-4398页

作者： Shi-Tian Xiao Rui Yin Lu Wu Si-Ming Wu Ge Tian Menny Shalom Li-Ying Wang Yi-Tian Wang Fu-Fei Pu Hannah-Noa Barad Fazhou Wang Xiao-Yu Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing & School of Materials Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures & Shenzhen Research Institute Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel

Photocatalysts for seawater splitting are severely restricted because of the presence of multiple types of ions in seawater that cause corrosion and deactivation. As a result, new materials that promote adsorption of H+and hinder competing adsorption of metal cations should enhance utilization of photogenerated electrons on the catalyst surface for efficient H2production. One strategy to design advanced photocatalysts involves introduction of hierarchical porous structures that enable fast mass transfer and creation of defect sites that promote selective hydrogen ion adsorption. Herein, we used a facile calcination method to fabricate the macro–mesoporous C3N4derivative, VN-HCN, that contains multiple nitrogen vacancies. We demonstrated that VN-HCN has enhanced corrosion resistance and elevated photocatalytic H2production performance in seawater. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that enhanced mass and carrier transfer and selective adsorption of hydrogen ions are key features of VN-HCN that lead to its high seawater splitting activity.

关键词： Adsorption Defects in solids Ions Nitrogen Seawater

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Variational quantum metrology with the Loschmidt echo

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National Science Review 2025年第5期 91-98页

作者： Ran Liu Ze Wu Xiaodong Yang Yuchen Li Hui Zhou Zhaokai Li Yuquan Chen Haidong Yuan Xinhua Peng CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Quantum Precision Measurement State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong) School of Physics Hefei University of Technology Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong

By leveraging quantum effects, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum metrology promises higher precision than classical strategies. It is, however, a challenging task to achieve the higher precision on practical systems. This is mainly due to difficulties in engineering nonclassical states and performing nontrivial measurements on the system, especially when the number of particles is large. Here we propose a variational scheme with the Loschmidt echo for quantum metrology. By utilizing hardware-efficient ansatzes in the design of variational quantum circuits, the quantum Fisher information(QFI) of the probe state can be extracted from the experimentally measured Loschmidt echo in a scalable manner. This QFI is then used to guide the online optimization of the preparation of the probe state. We experimentally implement the scheme on an ensemble of 10-spin quantum processors and achieve a 12.4-dB enhancement of the measurement precision over the uncorrelated states, which is close to the theoretical limit. The scheme can also be employed on various other noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, which provides a promising protocol to demonstrate quantum advantages.

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Error-Mitigated Quantum Simulation of Interacting Fermions with Trapped Ions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Wentao Zhang, Shuaining Zhang, Jialiang Su, Xiaolu Lu, Yao Zhang, Kuan Qiao, Mu Li, Ying Zhang, Jing-Ning Kim, Kihwan State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Physics Renmin University Beijing100872 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics PGMF Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing100193 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing100084 China

Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not adopted. Among various error-mitigation schemes, probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) has been proposed as a general and systematic protocol that can be applied to numerous hardware platforms and quantum algorithms. However, PEC has only been tested in two-qubit systems and a superconducting multi-qubit system by learning a sparse error model. Here, we benchmark PEC using up to four trapped-ion qubits. For the benchmark, we simulate the dynamics of interacting fermions with or without spins by applying multiple Trotter steps. By tomographically reconstructing the error model and incorporating other mitigation methods such as positive probability and symmetry constraints, we are able to increase the fidelity of simulation and faithfully observe the dynamics of the Fermi-Hubbard model, including the different behavior of charge and spin of fermions. Our demonstrations can be an essential step for further extending systematic error-mitigation schemes toward practical quantum advantages. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Trapped ions

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Wavelength scaling of strong-field Rydberg-state excitation: Toward an effective S-matrix theory

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Physical Review A 2022年第6期106卷 063106-063106页

作者： SongPo Xu MingQing Liu Wei Quan XiaoPeng Yi ShiLin Hu LiBin Zheng ZhiQiang Wang Meng Zhao ShaoGang Yu RenPing Sun YanLan Wang LinQiang Hua XuanYang Lai Wilhelm Becker Jing Chen XiaoJun Liu State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P.O. Box 8009 Beijing 100088 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus) Zhuhai 519082 China Max-Born-Institut Max-Born-Strasse 2a 12489 Berlin Germany Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology College of Engineering Physics Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China

S-matrix theory and the Born expansion, the lowest-order term of which is known as the “strong-field approximation” (SFA), play an indispensable role in our understanding of atomic and molecular processes in intense laser fields. Most phenomena in this field are reproduced by the first two terms of the Born series. However, for a long-range potential such as the Coulomb potential, the second-order term may be larger than the SFA term, raising the problem of the convergence of the Born series. By simultaneously measuring and simulating ionization and Rydberg-state excitation of an argon atom subject to a strong laser field for various wavelengths, we demonstrate that the wavelength scaling law of the measured ratio of Ar* over Ar+ and the period of its oscillation with respect to the laser intensity can be well reproduced by the second-order term of the S-matrix expansion in terms of the Coulomb potential, but not by the lowest-order (SFA) term. We conjecture that the second-order term of the S-matrix expansion may provide an effective theory for the intense-laser–atom interaction.

关键词： Long-range interactions Multiphoton or tunneling ionization & excitation Ultrafast phenomena Atomic & molecular beams Atoms Photonic crystal lasers Rydberg atoms & molecules Atomic Properties Femtosecond laser spectroscopy Photoexcitation Photoionization Strong-field approximation

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Blockchain for Energy Market: A Comprehensive Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Tianqi Luo, Haoxiang Yang, Kun Sun, Gang Yu, Hongfang Huang, Qi Vasilakos, Athanasios V. Glasgow College University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Guangyuan Power Supply Company State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Guangyuan628033 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Power System Wide-Area Measurement and Control University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang621010 China Center for AI Research University of Agder Grimstad4879 Norway

The energy market encompasses the behavior of energy supply and trading within a platform system. By utilizing centralized or distributed trading, energy can be effectively managed and distributed across different regions, thereby achieving market equilibrium and satisfying both producers and consumers. Additionally, the energy market can address future production control and environmental concerns such as energy shortages and environmental deterioration. However, recent years have presented unprecedented challenges and difficulties for the development of the energy market. These challenges include regional energy imbalances, volatile energy pricing, high computing costs, and issues related to transaction information disclosure. These factors have hindered the smooth operation of the energy market. Researchers widely acknowledge that the security features of blockchain technology can enhance the efficiency of energy transactions and establish the fundamental stability and robustness of the energy market. This type of blockchain-enabled energy market is commonly referred to as an energy blockchain. Currently, there is a burgeoning amount of research in this field, encompassing algorithm design, framework construction, and practical application. It is crucial to organize and compare these research efforts to facilitate the further advancement of energy blockchain. This survey aims to comprehensively review the fundamental characteristics of blockchain and energy markets, highlighting the significant advantages of combining the two. Moreover, based on existing research outcomes, we will categorize and compare the current energy market research supported by blockchain in terms of algorithm design, market framework construction, and the policies and practical applications adopted by different countries. Finally, we will address current issues and propose potential future directions for improvement, to provide guidance for the practical implementation of blockchain in the

关键词： Deterioration

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Robust laser self-mixing displacement demodulation viacontinuous wavelet–Hilbert transform for high-precision accelerometercalibration

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Applied Optics 2025年第16期64卷 4559-4567页

作者： Zhikun Chang Song Song Dongbai Xue Chunling He Zhoumiao Shi Jing Yu Ming Kong Yuying Xie Xiao Deng Tongbao Li Xinbin Cheng Institute of Precision Optical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China National Metrology and Testing Center for Integrated Circuit Measurement and Inspection Equipment Industry (Shanghai) Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Professional Technical Service Platform for Full-Spectrum and High-Performance Optical Thin Film Devices and Applications Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power Hangzhou 310018 China Shenzhen Institute of Technology Innovation NIM Shenzhen 518107 China College of Metrology and Testing Engineering China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China

The laser self-mixing grating interferometer based on Cr atomlithography gratings hasbeen applied to the primarycalibration of accelerometers due to its compact structure, low cost,high accuracy, and directon-site traceability. However, the high line density of Cr gratings(4700 l/mm) introduces dense outliers in interferometricsignals, complicating displacement demodulation via conventionalderivative-based methods and causing frequent phase jumps. To addressthis challenge, we propose a hybrid algorithm integrating thecontinuous wavelet transform and the Hilbert transform, which enablesrobust displacement demodulation under high-noise *** validation on a commercial MEMS accelerometerdemonstrated exceptional accuracy: 100 consecutive data segments weresuccessfully demodulated with a displacement fitting goodness of $R^2 = 0.9964$ ( $\sigma_{R_2} =0.0027$ ), and the derived sensitivitydeviated by only 0.1% from the nominal value. This algorithmestablishes a paradigm for the high-accuracy dynamic calibration ofinertial sensors in field applications.

关键词： Laser interferometry Lithography Phase shift Refractive index Systems design Wavelet transforms

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Bridging the Domain Gap in Satellite Pose Estimation: a Self-Training Approach based on Geometrical Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Zi Chen, Minglin Guo, Yulan Li, Zhang Yu, Qifeng The College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Measurement and Vision Navigation Changsha410073 China The School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Shenzhen518000 China The College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

Recently, unsupervised domain adaptation in satellite pose estimation has gained increasing attention, aiming at alleviating the annotation cost for training deep models. To this end, we propose a self-training framework based on the domain-agnostic geometrical constraints. Specifically, we train a neural network to predict the 2D keypoints of a satellite and then use PnP to estimate the pose. The poses of target samples are regarded as latent variables to formulate the task as a minimization problem. Furthermore, we leverage fine-grained segmentation to tackle the information loss issue caused by abstracting the satellite as sparse keypoints. Finally, we iteratively solve the minimization problem in two steps: pseudo-label generation and network training. Experimental results show that our method adapts well to the target domain. Moreover, our method won the 1st place on the sunlamp task of the second international Satellite Pose Estimation Competition. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellites

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An Exploration of Parallel Imaging System for Very-low Field (50mT) MRI Scanner

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Lei He, Wei Shen, Sheng He, Yucheng Wu, Jiamin Xu, Zheng National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430071 China The school of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital CharlestownMA02129 United States Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology Shenzhen China The school of Life Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian China Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

Reducing the scanning time of very-low field (VLF) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) scanners, commonly employed for stroke diagnosis, can enhance patientcomfort and operational efficiency. The conventional parallel imaging (PI)technique for high-field MRI should be tailored to apply here, considering thedifferences in the direction of the main magnetic field and the presence ofnoise. A VLF-specific PI algorithm and phased-array coil are proposed, markingthe first application of PI in VLF MRI. Reconstruction quality is enhanced bydenoising undersampled k-space data using a linear-prediction based Kalmanfilter. Subsequently, the denoised k-space data are nonlinearly mapped from theoriginal space onto a high-dimensional feature space, utilizing a polynomialfeature mapping defined nonlinear frame. Frame parameters are calculated usingauto-calibration signals (ACS) from the center k-space, and missingphase-encoding lines in the original space are estimated using acquired linesin the feature space. An 8-channel phased-array coil, designed for a verticalmain magnetic field, is decoupled using geometric overlap and a low inputimpedance (LII) preamplifier. Healthy volunteer head imaging experiments usingthe proposed PI technique exhibit the lowest mean-squared-error (MSE) value andthe highest peak-signal-to-noise (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM)values compared to two widely used PI methods. The proposed PI techniqueenables the VLF MRI scanner to achieve similar image quality and a 72.5%improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to fully sampled imageswhile requiring less than 50% of the scan time. We present a PI techniquetailored for VLF MRI scanner for the first time, along with potential researchdirection to achieve greater reduction factor. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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