Nicotine ingested from smoking exerts neuroprotection and developmental neurotoxicity in central nervous *** can produce several changes of cognitive behaviors through regulating the release of different neurotransmit...
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Nicotine ingested from smoking exerts neuroprotection and developmental neurotoxicity in central nervous *** can produce several changes of cognitive behaviors through regulating the release of different neurotransmitters in the ***,the effects of nicotine exposure or withdrawal on neurotransmitter metabolism of hippocampus are still *** this study,we real-time evaluated the dynamic alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism of hippocampal neuronal(HT22)cells induced by nicotine exposure and withdrawal at relevant exposure levels of smoking and secondhand smoke by using a microfluidic chip-coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(MC-LC-MS)*** found HT22 cells mainly released related neurotransmitters of tryptophan and choline metabolism,both nicotine exposure and withdraw altered its neurotransmitters and their metabolites *** to nicotine mainly altered the secretion of serotonin,kynurenic acid,choline and acetylcholine of HT22 cells to improve hippocampal dependent cognition,and the change are closely related to the dose and duration of ***,the altered metabolites could rapidly recover after nicotine withdrawal,but picolinic acid was ***-LC-MS system used in present study showed a greater advantage to detect unstable metabolites than conventional method by using in vitro model,and the results of dynamic alterations of neurotransmitter metabolism induced by nicotine might provide a potential targets for drug development of neuroprotection or cognitive improvement.
Emerging tactile sensing devices mimic biological functions of human *** introducing the feature of optical transparency,it can lead to a combined capacities of tactile and visual intelligence into single ***,it is di...
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Emerging tactile sensing devices mimic biological functions of human *** introducing the feature of optical transparency,it can lead to a combined capacities of tactile and visual intelligence into single ***,it is difficult to realize ultrahigh level of optical transparency and device sensitivity in single structure,for the widely used methods for sensitivity improvement,such as elevating the interfacial roughness,may further reduce the *** utilizing a transparent ionic material with tunable surface topologies,as well as introducing a strategy of refractive index matching,we have proposed a transparent iontronic sensing(TIS)device based on the iontronic sensing mechanism,simultaneously offering combined high device sensitivity(83.9 kPa−1),with ultrahigh optical transparency(96.9%),the highest reported value in *** from its comprehensive performance in sensing and optical characteristics,the TIS devices hold enormous potential for the humanmachine interfaces for industrial and medical applications.
Here, we present a protocol for electrotaxis of large epithelial cell sheets without compromising the integrity of cell epithelia in a high-throughput customized directed current electrotaxis chamber. We describe the ...
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