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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Xuemin Chen, Pan Wen, Yijun Tang, Bo Chen, Long School of Artificial Intelligence Hubei University Wuhan430062 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing System and Security Hubei University Ministry of Education Hubei Wuhan430062 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China WAYTOUS Inc. Beijing100083 China Shenzhen518107 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used in decision-making and control tasks, but the risk is very high for the agent in the training process due to the requirements of interaction with the environment, which seriously limits its industrial applications such as autonomous driving systems. Safe RL methods are developed to handle this issue by constraining the expected safety violation costs as a training objective, but the occurring probability of an unsafe state is still high, which is unacceptable in autonomous driving tasks. Moreover, these methods are difficult to achieve a balance between the cost and return expectations, which leads to learning performance degradation for the algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm based on the long and short-term constraints (LSTC) for safe RL. The short-term constraint aims to enhance the shortterm state safety that the vehicle explores, while the long-term constraint enhances the overall safety of the vehicle throughout the decision-making process, both of which are jointly used to enhance the vehicle safety in the training process. In addition, we develop a safe RL method with dual-constraint optimization based on the Lagrange multiplier to optimize the training process for end-to-end autonomous driving. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the MetaDrive simulator. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher safety in continuous state and action tasks, and exhibits higher exploration performance in long-distance decision-making tasks compared with state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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Design and analysis of a soft bellow-based robot for dysphagia rehabilitation

Design and analysis of a soft bellow-based robot for dysphag...

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International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP)

作者： Linlin Guo Yu Dang Yue Wang Jinqiao Wu Yang Yu Jialing Wu Jianda Han College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence Ministry of Education Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Nankai University Tianjin China Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University Shenzhen China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin China Department of Neurology Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Tianjin China

ISBN: (数字)9798350391916

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391923

As the population ages, the incidence of diseases such as stroke is increasing, leading to a growing number of patients with dysphagia or difficulty swallowing. Dysphagia directly affects the hydration and nutritional intake, potentially leading to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia, severely threatening patients' health and quality of life. Currently, the rehabilitation of swallowing function mainly relies on therapists to conduct swallowing training for patients. However, the high incidence and long duration of swallowing rehabilitation training pose a burden on the patients and medical resources. There remains a gap in the robotic devices for swallowing rehabilitation. To address this gap, this paper proposes a soft bellow-shaped robot for dysphagia rehabilitation. One mode of the rehabilitation training, where the therapist manipulates the throat to move horizontally, is selected to mimic. This robot simulates the force and displacement applied by the therapist's fingertip during dysphagia rehabilitation. First, swallowing training data were collected and analyzed to understand the variations in displacement and force applied by therapists' fingertips on the throat. Based on this analysis, the technical requirements for the swallowing rehabilitation robot were summarized. Following these requirements, we designed a physical prototype of the pneumatic bellow-shaped robot. The robot simulates the fingertip movement on both sides of the throat through the linear elongation and contraction of the bellows. The performance of the soft bellows was then characterized, verifying that its output force and displacement meet the technical requirements. This characterization lays a foundation for the modeling and control of the displacement and force of the robot.

关键词： Training Technical requirements Bellows Actuators Force Prototypes Training data Pneumatic systems Stroke (medical condition) Robots

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An Electrocommunication System Using FSK Modulation and Deep Learning Based Demodulation for Underwater Robots

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Qinghao Liu, Ruijun Wang, Wei Xie, Guangming State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Intelligent Biomimetic Design Lab College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Electrical and Information Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou545006 China Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institute of Ocean Research Peking University Beijing100871 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China

Underwater communication is extremely challenging for small underwater robots which typically have stringent power and size constraints. In our previous work, we developed an artificial electrocommunication system which could be an alternative for the communication of small underwater robots. This paper further presents a new electrocommunication system that utilizes Binary Frequency Shift keying (2FSK) modulation and deep-learning-based demodulation for underwater robots. We first derive an underwater electrocommunication model that covers both the near-field area and a large transition area outside of the near-field area. 2FSK modulation is adopted to improve the anti-interference ability of the electric signal. A deep learning algorithm is used to demodulate the electric signal by the receiver. Simulations and experiments show that with the same testing condition, the new communication system outperforms the previous system in both the communication distance and the data transmitting rate. In specific, the newly developed communication system achieves stable communication within the distance of 10 m at a data transfer rate of 5 Kbps with a power consumption of less than 0.1 W. The substantial increase in communication distance further improves the possibility of electrocommunication in underwater robotics. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Demodulation

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A Textile-Based Pneumatic Soft Suit for Elbow Joint Rehabilitation

A Textile-Based Pneumatic Soft Suit for Elbow Joint Rehabili...

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IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and intelligent systems

作者： Yan Shen Yu Dang Tianyu Jiang Weiguang Huo Ningbo Yu Jianda Han College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence Ministry of Education Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Nankai University Tianjin China Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems Shenzhen Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798331506056

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506063

Stroke is a disease with a very high mortality rate, and most patients will experience upper limb dysfunction after the disease. Traditional solutions, commonly rigid exoskeletons, have been explored extensively but often fall short due to safety concerns, discomfort, and potential for skin damage owing to their hard attachment mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a textile pneumatic soft suit for elbow joint rehabilitation. This soft suit consists of a modular pneumatic actuator that can help patients with elbow joint flexion and extension rehabilitation training. The design principle is based on the deformation of the textile-based pneumatic bag. The actuator is made of flexible fabric sheets of woven nylon with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) coating and 3D printing technology. A mathematical model was developed to describe the relationship between flexion angle and cable length, which could guide the design of the actuator. Experimental validation involved both static and dynamic assessments, confirming the soft suit's capability to meet the requirements of torque and range of the motions. The actuator can provide a starting torque of 7.18 Nm under a pressure of 160 kPa. The suit can provide a range of flexion motion of over 100° for a 1650 g forearm. In the future, we will conduct modeling and further experimental verification of the robot system to complete its control.

关键词： Training Torque Stroke (medical condition) Three-dimensional printing Weaving Skin Safety Elbow Robots Diseases

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Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Adjustable Tightening Socket for Varied Residual Limb Shapes*

Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Adjustable Tightening Socke...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic systems (CBS)

作者： Yuki Inoue Yuki Kuroda Yoshiko Yabuki Yusuke Yamanoi Xu Yong Xiaobei Jing Hiroshi Yokoi Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo JAPAN OMRON SINIC X Corporation Bunkyo-ku Tokyo JAPAN department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tokyo University of Science Katushika-ku Tokyo JAPAN CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the SIAT Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen CHINA Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Engineering Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo JAPAN Mu-BORG K.K. Chofu JAPAN

ISBN: (数字)9798350388039

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388046

The prosthetic socket serves as an interface between the body and the machine. If the socket is not well-fitted to the residual limb, pain can occur. The shape of the residual limb changes over time as surgical scars stabilize or the patient’s body weight fluctuates. A socket with a cutout on the side can be tightened from the outside to adjust its circumference and accommodate these changes. However, when the circumference of the rigid socket is adjusted to fit, soft skin can become trapped due to friction between the skin and the socket. This phenomenon causes pain due to pinching. Consequently, this mechanism cannot be used for myoelectric prosthetic hands, where direct contact between the socket and the skin is necessary. In this study, we developed a socket with a variable circumference that suppresses skin pinching. We applied it to participants with different residual limb shapes. A Box and Block Test (BBT) was performed using two types of sockets. The first used a conventional socket designed to fit their residual limb shape. The second used the proposed socket, which was designed to fit the residual limb’s shape of one out of two participants and adapted to the residual limb’s changing shape. The results of the BBT showed not much difference in the number of blocks moved between the conventional socket and the proposed socket. Therefore, the performance of the proposed socket was comparable to that of conventional sockets and could be applied to different residual limbs. In other words, the proposed socket was shown to adapt to changes in the residual limb without causing pain. Sockets with the proposed functionality could be used in a variety of bio-interfaces, allowing for flexible connections between the body and machines.

关键词： Limbs Shape Pain Sockets Human-machine systems Friction Surgery Skin Interviews Prosthetic hand

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High-Precision 3D Printing by Deploying Expandable Microspheres

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Yang Wang, Fucheng Zhang, Pei Lu, Chengbang Liu, Weixuan Guo, Yueying Ni, Zhipeng Wang, Jinqing Lu, Baoyang Lou, Qin Liang, Xiangyu Liu, Ji Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Metrology and Measurement Engineering China Jiliang University Hangzhou310018 China Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen518120 China Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Center of Southern Economic Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha410205 China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Yiwu Saiens Polymer Materials Co. Ltd Jinhua322099 China Jiangxi Key Lab of Flexible Electronics Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang330013 China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Stereolithography-based 3D printing (3DP) technology is widely employed in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, biomedical, art and other fields. However, the precision issues, such as dimensional shrinkage and structural warping, significantly hinder its wide applications. In this study, we present a straightforward, efficient yet general strategy to engineer the photosensitive resins with thermally expandable microspheres, thus enabling significant improvement in structural fidelity of the 3DP constructs. Our findings demonstrate that addition of expandable microspheres substantially mitigates the volume shrinkage below 3.98%, in comparison to over 10% for commercially-available photosensitive resins. An exceptionally high precision of 0.035% in dimensional deviation could be achieved, in comparison to over 0.1% for commercial one. Furthermore, due to the low filling ratio, the improvement in 3DP precision does not sacrifice the mechanical properties, thus it does not affect the applications where those photosensitive resins are originally targeting. Our method represents an effective strategy to improve the 3D printing resolution of photosensitive resins, thus opening new directions for high precision 3D printing technology. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shrinkage

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Corrigendum to “SIAT-WEXv2: A Wearable Exoskeleton for Reducing Lumbar Load during Lifting Tasks”

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Complexity 2021年第1期2021卷

作者： Xinyu Ji Dashuai Wang Pengfei Li Liangsheng Zheng Jianquan Sun Xinyu Wu Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen *** CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen *** Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan *** Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen China

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Gait Phase Classification Based on sEMG Signals Using Long Short-Term Memory for Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020年第1期853卷

作者： Ye Yuan Ziming Guo Can Wang Shengcai Duan Lufeng Zhang Xinyu Wu Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergic Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest University.

In this work, we present a Long Short-Term Memory Model (LSTMM) for gait phase classification based on sEMG signals to control the lower limb exoskeleton robot which can recognize 2 phases (Stand and Swing) of leg phases between the foot and ground. This model only needs four sEMG signals to control the lower limb exoskeleton robot helping the hemiplegia patient walking. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed model not only avoids the complex sensor systems but also enhances the accuracy of gait phase classification. The experimental results first verify the availability of sEMG data acquisition system on the lower limb exoskeleton robot made by the shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies (SIAT) by quantify the system with gold standard optoelectronic system Vicon, then show that the proposed LSTMM is significantly higher on prediction accuracy and has better robustness for gait phase classification to control the lower limb exoskeleton robot with different speeds. Finally, the maximum accuracy of LSTMM on the gait phase classification is 97.89%.

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Fundus-Image-Based Retinal Vascular Analysis in Myopic Eyes

Fundus-Image-Based Retinal Vascular Analysis in Myopic Eyes

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Chinese Control Conference (CCC)

作者： Jichen Shen Haohan Zou Yan Wang Jinchao Liu Ningbo Yu College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Tianjin Eye Institute Tianjin Eye Hospital Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital Tianjin China Nankai University Eye Institute Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics Nankai University Tianjin China Engineering Research Center of Trusted Behavior Intelligence Ministry of Education Nankai University Tianjin China Institute of Intelligence Technology and Robotic Systems Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University Shenzhen China

Myopia is prevalent worldwide and it is of great significance to prevent, control and intervene myopia in an early stage. The etiopathogenesis of myopia remains unclear and needs further research. Fundus photographs can show biomarkers and lesions of the retina in a non-invasive way directly. To discover some potential changes in myopic eyes, we extracted the retinal vascular features from vessel segmented results, and calculated the Spearman correlation coefficients between the retinal vascular features and the spherical refractive errors. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to explore the difference exists in the characteristics of retinal vessels among the mild, moderate and high myopia groups. The statistical analysis results indicated that the higher the degrees of myopia, the smaller the retinal vessels. This study found vascular changes in myopic eyes through fundus images, which could help to explain the mechanism of myopia and the damage caused by myopia.

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Research on Position Sensorless Control of PMSM Based on Improved SMO

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第1期533卷

作者： Zhang Guoqing Xiong Xinhong Zheng Yousheng Zhang Yanhui Chen Lianbo Wu Xinyu Feng Wei Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine-Intelligence Synergic Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518055 China School of Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

The sliding mode observer (SMO) can effectively achieve the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) to perform position sensorless control, but there are still drawbacks of system chattering and high complexity. In this paper, an improved SMO is established based on hyperbolic tangent function and Kalman filter. The system chattering is effectively suppressed, and the accuracy of position and speed observation error is significantly improved without phase compensation. It is found that the convergence rate of the hyperbolic tangent function has a strong correlation with the system chattering degree and the speed observation error. When a is between 3 and 4, the speed error accuracy of the improved SMO is the optimum situation.

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