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Relative Localizability and Localization for Multirobot systems

IEEE Transactions on Robotics 2025年 41卷 2931-2949页

作者： Chen, Liangming Liang, Chenyang Yuan, Shenghai Cao, Muqing Xie, Lihua Southern University of Science and Technology School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fully Actuated System Control Theory and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Shenzhen518055 China Southern University of Science and Technology School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen518055 China Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 639798 Singapore Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute PittsburghPA15213 United States

Inter-robot relative positions are crucial for executing various multirobot missions, such as formation maneuvering and collaborative inspection. However, the current sensing technology usually provides part of relative position information, such as inter-robot distances, bearings and angles. This prompts the study of determining inter-robot relative positions, i.e., relative localization, from these partial measurements. Based on the existing results of static networks' localizability and mobile robots' relative localization, we propose a novel concept, relative localizability to describe whether a multirobot system is relatively localizable. Given each robot's self-displacement measurements and inter-robot partial measurements in d (d ≤ 4) sampling instants, we show that a multirobot system's relative localization can be achieved in a purely algebraic and distributed manner, in which the multirobot system is said to be d-step relatively localizable. To make the results more general, we consider that the multirobot system consists of landmarks, leaders, and followers, and that the inter-robot measurements can be distances, bearings or angles. When robots' coordinate frames have different orientations, we show that the given local measurements can be used to determine robots' relative positions and their coordinate frames' relative orientations simultaneously. Simulations and experiments of relative localization for ground robots are conducted to validate the obtained results. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multipurpose robots

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Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacitated Charging Stations and Dynamic Electricity Prices

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： He, Zhiye Tian, Yuning Miao, Haoyu Yao, Canqi Yang, Zaiyue Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fully Actuated System Control Theory and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen518055 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies Hong Kong Hong Kong

With rapid electrification of transportation systems in recent years, the electric vehicle routing problem (EVRP) has received increasing attention. In order to serve a set of valuable transportation tasks using a fleet of electric vehicles, EVRP intends to jointly determine their routes and the charging schedules, with the aim of optimizing service reward and charging cost under state of charge (SOC) constraints of battery. EVRP is a difficult nonlinear integer program, and due to its intrinsic NP-hardness early EVRP studies often oversimplify the charging process and assume unlimited capacity of charging stations and constant electricity price. The contribution of this paper lies in twofold. First, to better characterize the practical charging process, this paper introduces a new graph model that can take the charging station capacity and dynamic electricity price into full consideration. Second, we design a series of transformation techniques, including reformulation SOC dynamics, Lagrangian relaxation, exact linear programming relaxation, etc, which eventually convert the original EVRP into an approximate linear program. Extensive simulations across 14 instances demonstrate that, the proposed approach is capable of solving large-scale instances over 500 nodes, and is 100 times faster than traditional analytic methods while achieving very close optimality. While comparing with the popular heuristic method ALNS (Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search), our method is several times faster and obtains much better optimality. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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On Uniform Observability of Linear Time-varying systems with respect to Subspaces and Its Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Liu, Tao Huang, Jie Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Shenzhen518055 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering Shatin Hong Kong

Recently, the notion of uniform observability with respect to a subspace was proposed in [21] and was utilized to solve the synchronization problem for single-integrator multi-agent systems with time-varying matrix-weighted couplings. This paper further explores the concept of uniform observability of a linear time-varying system with respect to a subspace. We will first establish the invariance property of uniform observability with respect to some invariant subspace under time-varying output feedback control. Then, based on this invariance property, we will establish an exponential convergence result with respect to an invariant subspace for a class of linear switched systems. Leveraging this exponential convergence result, we will solve the exponential synchronization problem for general linear multi-agent systems over jointly connected switching networks. It is noted that the exponential synchronization problem was also studied recently by some more sophisticated methods. Compared with these methods, our method is much simpler. Moreover, our method leads to an explicit characterization of the exponential synchronization rate. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Linear time-invariant system

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Hyperbolic cosine transformer for LiDAR 3D object detection

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： Tong Jigang Yang Fanhang Yang Sen Du Shengzhi Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems and Intelligent Robot Laboratory， Tianjin University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering， Tshwane University of Technology

Recently， Transformer has achieved great success in computer vision. However， it is constrained because the spatial and temporal complexity grows quadratically with the number of large points in 3D object detection applications from point clouds. Previous point-wise methods are suffering from time consumption and limited receptive fields to capture information among points. To address these limitations， we propose the cosh-attention， which reduces the computation complexity of space and time from the quadratic order to linear order with respect to the number of points. In the cosh-attention， the traditional softmax operator is replaced by non-negative ReLU activation and hyperbolic-cosine-based operator with re-weighting mechanism. Then based on the key component， cosh-attention， we present a two-stage hyperbolic cosine transformer (ChTR3D) for 3D object detection from point clouds. It refines proposals by applying cosh-attention in linear computation complexity to encode rich contextual relationships among points. Extensive experiments on the widely used KITTI dataset and Waymo Open Dataset demonstrate that， compared with vanilla attention， the cosh-attention significantly improves the inference speed with competitive performance. Experiment results show that， among two-stage state-of-the-art methods using point-level features to refine proposals， the proposed ChTR3D is the fastest one.

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Evolution Design Methodology of the Metamorphic Mechanisms Inspired by Gene Deduction

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Journal of Mechanical Design 2025年第8期147卷 083302页

作者： Zhang, Yang Xu, Peng Li, Bing Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robots Key University Laboratory of Mechanism & Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518052 China

This article proposes an evolutionary design method for metamorphic mechanisms inspired by gene deduction. First, the correlations between biological evolution and mechanical evolution, biological systems and mechanical systems, and genes and mechanisms are revealed. There are many similarities between biology and mechanism. Biological principles can be applied to the study and design of the mechanisms to adapt well to tasks and environments. The correlation between genetic operation and mechanical design is developed. The selection operator, recombination operator, and mutation operator of the mechanisms are deduced by inspiring genes. To verify the rationality of these operators, they are used to construct 5R (revolute joints) overconstrained closed-loop linkage, 6R metamorphic closed-loop linkage, 7R deployable closed-loop linkage, and 2RP (prismatic joint) RR metamorphic parallel mechanism (MPM). The mobilities of these mechanisms are analyzed via the atlas method. Finally, the evolutionary design method of MPMs is introduced and used to design the mechanisms with 2R1T (two rotation one translation) and 1R2T modes, which verify the effectiveness of the method. The proposed evolutionary design method provides a new theoretical tool for the design of metamorphic single-loop and parallel mechanisms.

关键词： bio-inspired design Chain Design methodology evolution design Design Parallel mechanisms Kinematics metamorphic mechanisms single-loop/parallel mechanisms Kinematic chains gene deduction atlas method Biology Bifurcation

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Point-voxel dual transformer for LiDAR 3D object detection

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： Tong Jigang Yang Fanhang Yang Sen Du Shengzhi Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Systems and Intelligent Robot La-boratory， Tianjin University of Technology， 391 Binshui West Road Department of Electrical Engineering， Tshwane University of Technology

Deep learning for point clouds faces the challenge of their inherent unordered nature， which makes traditional CNN-like methods not directly applicable. However， due to the inherent permutation invariance， transformers provide solutions to unordered points problems faced in LiDAR-based object detection. In this paper， a two-stage LiDAR 3D object detection framework is presented， namely Point-Voxel Dual Transformer (PV-DT3D)， which is a transformer-based method. In the proposed PV-DT3D， point-voxel fusion features are used for proposal refinement. Specifically， in the PV-DT3D， keypoints are sampled from entire point cloud scene and used to encode representative scene features via a proposal-aware voxel set abstraction module. Subsequently， following the generation of proposals by the region proposal networks (RPN)， the internal encoded keypoints are fed into dual transformer encoder-decoder architecture. In 3D object detection， the proposed PV-DT3D is the first to take advantage of both pointwise transformer and channel-wise architecture to capture contextual information from the perspective of spatial and channel dimensions. Experiments conducted on the highly competitive KITTI 3D car detection leaderboard show that， the PV-DT3D achieves superior detection accuracy among state-of-the-art point-voxel-based methods.

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Enhanced corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion 316L stainless steel by modifying the microstructure through heat treatment

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2025年 36卷 7158-7171页

作者： Cuiling Zhao Yuchao Bai Qi Yan Bing Li Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Morphing Mechanisms and Adaptive Robots Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Key University Laboratory of Mechanism & Machine Theory and Intelligent Unmanned Systems of Guangdong Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China School of Robotics and Advanced Manufacture Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117575 Singapore

This study aims to investigate the microstructural evolution of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316L stainless steel during heat treatment and its effect on corrosion resistance through microstructural characterization and corrosion testing. The results show that the as-built LPBF samples featured melt pool boundaries, cellular structures, a few nano-sized manganese silicate particles and irregular grains with strong fiber texture <101>, which are retained after heat treatment at 450 °C. With temperature increase to 850 °C, a σ phase rich in Cr, Mo, and S elements was formed. Subsequently, after heat treatment at 1100 °C, melt boundary disappears and large square grains similar to the cast counterparts appear. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the corrosion resistance of LPBF samples surpasses the cast samples heat treated at 1100 °C. In addition, annealing at or below 1100 °C will reduce the corrosion resistance of LPBF samples due to the formation of hazardous precipitates. However, after heat treatment at 1300 °C, the best corrosion resistance was obtained due to the diffusion of Cr, Mo and S elements into the matrix and homogeneous microstructure. This study provides a method for effectively improving the corrosion resistance of LPBF 316L stainless steel and understanding the corresponding corrosion mechanism.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Corrosion behaviour Heat treatment 316L stainless steel Microstructure

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A Gaze-Guided Human Locomotion Intention Recognition and Volitional control Method for Knee-Ankle Prostheses

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental systems 2025年

作者： Chen, Xinxing Chen, Zhaokai Wang, Yuxuan Yin, Shucong Chen, Chuheng Huang, Jian Fu, Chenglong Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Systems School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities Shenzhen518055 China Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

This paper presents a novel gaze-guided volitional control method for knee-ankle prostheses, designed to enhance the precision and intuitiveness of prosthetic control in complex locomotion tasks. The method utilizes an eye-tracking system coupled with an RGBD camera to estimate 3D gaze points, which are then used to construct a gaze attention map. This map serves as the basis for predicting human locomotion intentions, enabling the prosthesis to accurately step on the intended foot placement. Experimental validation was conducted with both a healthy subject and an amputee subject, focusing on level-ground walking and stair ascent tasks. The results demonstrated that the prosthesis could achieve precise foot placement, with a mean error of 1.22 cm ± 3.14 cm for the healthy subject and 3.40 cm ± 0.66 cm for the amputee subject during level-ground walking. In stair ascent tasks, the system successfully adapted to various gait patterns, with the prosthetic joint angles closely matching natural human movements. The proposed method also effectively reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) of 3D gaze estimation to 2.70 cm, 2.63 cm, and 1.97 cm along the x, y, and z axes, respectively. These findings indicate that the gaze-guided volitional control method not only enhances the functionality of knee-ankle prostheses but also offers a more intuitive interface for users, aligning prosthetic actions with the user’s visual focus and intentions. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Knee prostheses

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Whittle’s Index Based Sensor Scheduling for Multiprocess systems Under DoS Attacks

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Journal of systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 329-350页

作者： CAI Zai DING Kemi Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China.

In this paper,the authors consider how to design defensive countermeasures against DoS attacks for remote state estimation of multiprocess *** each system,a sensor will measure its state and transmits the data packets through an unreliable channel which is vulnerable to be jammed by an *** limited communication bandwidth,only a subset of sensors are allowed for data transmission,and how to select the optimal one to maximize the accuracy of remote state estimation is the focus of the proposed *** authors first formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and investigate the existence of optimal ***,the authors demonstrate the piecewise monotonicity structure of optimal *** the difficulty of obtaining an optimal policy of large-scale problems,the authors develop a suboptimal heuristic policy based on the aforementioned policy structure and Whittle’s ***,a closed form of the indices is derived in order to reduce implementation complexity of proposed scheduling policy and numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed developed results.

关键词： DoS attacks Kalman filter remote state estimation Whittle’s index.

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AI Enabled Automatic Mobile Robot intelligent Navigation in Construction with Obstacle Awareness

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 2025年

作者： Zhang, Yinlong Liu, Yuanhao Cui, Yunge Zeng, Ziming Liang, Wei Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Shenyang110016 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Shenyang110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Zeekr Group Zeekr Intelligent Driving Department Shanghai110078 China Shenzhen Polytechnic University School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

In the construction industry, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics has led to significant advancements in automating various tasks. One critical aspect is the intelligent navigation of automatic mobile robot (AMR) within construction sites, where dynamic environments pose challenges such as inaccurate robot state estimation, irregular and textureless obstacle detection. To solve these issues, this paper designs an AI enabled obstacle-aware AMR intelligent navigation approach while ensuring robot safety and efficiency. Specifically, the robot is equipped with the complementary RGB camera, inertial measurement unit (IMU) and wheel encoder to estimate the states (i.e., positions, orientations and velocities), which have been tightly fused in the optimization framework. Furthermore, the RGB-Depth images are jointly fed into the AI model. It combines of Mask-RCNN and multi-scale attention network, to detect and segment the obstacles, and estimate the corresponding relative depth. It should be noted that the system incorporates obstacle awareness mechanisms to dynamically switch the robot's velocities in response to obstacles in the environment, ensuring smooth and collision-free movement. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed AI-enabled navigation system in real-world construction scenarios, showcasing its potential to enhance productivity and safety in construction automation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Construction industry

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