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Formation and causes of NO_x pollution on the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China

Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第19期56卷 2044-2049页

作者： TIAN HeZhong WANG Yan ZHAO Dan CHAI FaHe XING ZiShan CHENG Ke State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Tropospheric column amounts of NO 2 from OMI/Aura products were applied to investigate the seasonal variation of NO x on the east side of the Taihang Mountains (ESTM) in China. The NO 2 concentration varied seasonally, with winter maxima and summer minima. To explore the causes of the heavy NO 2 pollution in this region, wind field simulations were conducted by using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5). MM5 simulations showed that wind directions in the ESTM region were dominated by northeasterly and northwesterly winds throughout the year and to a lesser degree by southwesterlies. Elevated NO 2 concentrations (higher than 50×10 15 molec/cm 2 ) occurred in three meteorological situations: convergent wind fields (5 days), northeasterly winds (2 days), and calm days (1 day) in January. Although the local anthropogenic NO x emission strength was not so high as that in other developed areas, the calms and frequent occurrence of convergent wind fields, as well as unfavorable terrains for diffusion, resulted in the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and hence heavy NO x pollution. Furthermore, long-distance NO x transportation from the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region to the ESTM area could be seen when the wind was from a northeasterly direction, especially under high wind speeds.

关键词：氮氧化物氮污染原因山东中国二氧化氮浓度宾夕法尼亚州立大学 ESTM

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Characterizing Haze in Beijing Using Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry and Other Online Measurements

Characterizing Haze in Beijing Using Single Particle Aerosol...

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第19届中国大气环境科学与技术大会暨中国环境科学学会大气环境分会2012年学术年会

作者： Mei Zheng Zifa Wang Zhen Zhou Zhong Fu Huaiyu Fu Caiqing Yan Li Zhang Jian Gao Fahe Chai Yujiao Zhu Xiaohong Yao Yele Sun Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510530 China Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510530 China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 238 Songling Road Qingdao 266100 PR China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China

Haze episodes occur frequently in Beijing in recent years and its characteristics and formation mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, a newly-developed instrument, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used to characterize size distribution and chemical species of single particles (200-2000 nm) with 5-min time resolution during December 10 to 23, 2011 in Beijing. Another two online instruments including aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) were simultaneously deployed at two different sites in Beijing to study the detailed chemical composition and size distribution of fine particles. During the campaign, a pollution episode was observed, which lasted about 12h and was characterized by high PM2. 5 mass concentration and low visibility (5. 3 km). Our results indicated that particle characteristics between haze and non-haze days were different in (1) Size distribution: based on FMPS data (measuring size range of 5. 6-560 nm), particles peaked in 10-40 nm in the clean day and shifted to larger size (about 100 nm) during the haze episodic day. However, from SPAMS (measuring size range of 200-2000 nm) data, highest particle counts occurred around 400-800 nm. Particles peaked around 500-600 nm in the morning and shifted to a wider range of 400-800 nm after noon time during the haze day, indicating hygroscopic growth under high relative humidity. Particles in these size ranges could contribute significantly to light extinction. However, in the clean day, particles peaked around a narrow range (500-550 nm); (2) Chemical species: SPAMS data indicated that the winter haze episodic day included a higher fraction of sulfate, ammonium and lead particles, but a lower fraction of nitrate compared to clean day. Chemical speciation analysis using ACSM showed that both organic matter and secondary ions increased significantly during the haze episode; (3) Sources: Several major sources for particles were distinguished by

关键词： Haze Online Measurements Single Particle Sources Size Chemical Species Beijing

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PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE HAIHE RIVER, CHINA

PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE HAIHE RIVER, CH...

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第十四届北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA 2011)

作者： Xiuli Zhao Xinghui Xia Zhineng Dai Shangwei Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal University

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)have been widely used for more than 50 years due to their excellent thermal stability and hydrophobic/hydrophilic *** some PFCs have been known to be persistent,bioaccumulative and tumori... 详细信息

关键词： CHINA PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE HAIHE RIVER

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pollution discharge feature of stormwater runoff on two urban underlying surfaces and treatment in Beijing

Pollution discharge feature of stormwater runoff on two urba...

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2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2011

作者： Wei, Ouyang Shen, Xin Li, Xiangyi Song, Tianzei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Second High School Attached Beijing Normal University 12 Xinjiekou Wai Street Beijing 100088 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424462551

In this paper, stormwater runoff from an urban traffic road and building located in Beijing, China, was characterized to measure the stormwater runoff discharge rates and pollutant concentrations. Based on monitoring, the runoff water quality on two underlying surface conditions was analyzed. The temporal dynamics of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3- N, NO3-N and total phosphorus (TP) were similar and the concentration dropped quickly in the first half hour. The initial concentration of COD, NH3-N, NO 3-N and TP are worse than the fifth category of national surface water standard, some of them were even beyond the standard of the third category of emission discharge standard. In the urban water resource conservation, reuse of stormrain is a good potential. So, a simple combination of treatment methods with Quartz sand and activated carbon was proposed to reduce the pollution concentration. The COD and TP concentration decreased significantly after the treatment, and the removal rate is sensitive to the hydrological loading of inlet water. The activated carbon did not have impact on NH3-Nand NO3-N and the removal rate is stable on three kinds of hydrological scenarios. The study demonstrates the discharge characteristics of urban sotrmrain runoff and provides the results of simple and cheap treatment equipment. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Chemical oxygen demand

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Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fermentation

Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fe...

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2nd Annual Conference on Electrical and control Engineering, ICECE 2011

作者： Zhang, Xiangfeng Richard, Tom State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802-1909 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424481637

Lower efficiency serves as limiting factor in the enzymatic saccharification of food waste (FW) for ethanol fermentation. We investigated the effects of temperature, tetracycline;the optimization of dual enzymatic inoculation using simplex lattice design;as well as batch ethanol fermentation based on optimized FW saccharification. The moderate temperature (50 C) was proper to balance the saccharification efficiency and reducing sugar loss. The tetracycline inoculation (80 mg/L) dramatically prevented the reducing sugar loss of saccharification by inhibiting the microbial contaminants. The optimized ratio of -amylase and amyloglucosidase was 0.5:0.5, which indicated that the experimental results under the optimum conditions agreed well with the model predictions. The ethanol yield reached 0.25 g/g dry FW under optimum conditions of saccharification indicating this strategy could be promising to utilize FW. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Temperature

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Regional differences in the factors that influence China’s energy-related carbon emissions, and potential mitigation strategies

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Energy Policy 2011年第12期39卷 7712-7718页

作者： Yan Zhang Jinyun Zhang Zhifeng Yang Shengsheng Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19 Beijing 100875 China

Energy-related carbon emissions in China have increased significantly. To mitigate these emissions, it is necessary to estimate the trends (increase or decrease) and the magnitudes of the influences (tons of carbon emitted) as a result of four causal factors that affect emissions: GDP, economic structure, energy intensity, and fuel mix. To do so, we have divided the study period into three intervals (from 1995 to 2009) based on China’s three most-recent 5-year plans. We then divided China’s 30 provinces into four categories based on the individual and net effects of these factors on carbon emissions. On this basis, we discuss potential strategies for reducing China’s carbon emissions. Increasing GDP caused the largest increase in carbon emissions, whereas decreasing energy intensity significantly decreased emissions. Changes in the economic structure increased emissions, with the economic structure becoming more carbon-intensive; efforts to optimize the fuel mix slightly decreased emissions during the first and third periods, but increased emissions during the second period. Our analysis also revealed differences between provinces and regions, allowing local managers to focus on the most important problems for their area. To reduce future energy-related carbon emissions, China’s economic structure, energy intensity, and fuel mix must all be improved.

关键词： China Carbon emissions Mitigation

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PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE HAIHE RIVER, CHINA

PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE HAIHE RIVER, CH...

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BCEIA2011第十四届北京分析测试学术报告会

作者： Xiuli Zhao Xinghui Xia Zhineng Dai Shangwei Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

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pollution Discharge Feature of Stormwater Runoff on Two Urban Underlying Surfaces and Treatment in Beijing

Pollution Discharge Feature of Stormwater Runoff on Two Urba...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Ouyang Wei Xin Shen Xiangyi Li Tianzei Song School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University Beijing Beijing China

In this paper, stormwater runoff from an urban traffic road and building located in Beijing, China, was characterized to measure the stormwater runoff discharge rates and pollutant concentrations. Based on monitoring, the runoff water quality on two underlying surface conditions was analyzed. The temporal dynamics of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH 3- N, NO 3 -N and total phosphorus (TP) were similar and the concentration dropped quickly in the first half hour. The initial concentration of COD, NH 3 -N, NO 3 -N and TP are worse than the fifth category of national surface water standard, some of them were even beyond the standard of the third category of emission discharge standard. In the urban water resource conservation, reuse of stormrain is a good potential. So, a simple combination of treatment methods with Quartz sand and activated carbon was proposed to reduce the pollution concentration. The COD and TP concentration decreased significantly after the treatment, and the removal rate is sensitive to the hydrological loading of inlet water. The activated carbon did not have impact on NH 3 -Nand NO 3 -N and the removal rate is stable on three kinds of hydrological scenarios. The study demonstrates the discharge characteristics of urban sotrmrain runoff and provides the results of simple and cheap treatment equipment.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Water pollution Roads Surface contamination Monitoring Buildings

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How to guide a sustainable industrial economy: Emergy account for resources input of Chinese industry

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 51-59页

作者： B. Zhang G.Q. Chen Q. Yang Z.M. Chen B. Chen Z. Li State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Emergy analysis provides a feasible approach to evaluate the status and position of different energy carriers in the universal energy hierarchy. In this paper, an emergy-based method is conducted to measure the resources input of Chinese industry from 1997 to 2006. Resources inflows including fossil fuels, mineral resources, agricultural products, and other imported materials are accounted, based on which related indicators including resources intensity, industrial output, and environmental emissions are investigated. Results show a steady upward trend for the total resources input of Chinese industry during the past decade. The total resources input amounted to 1.53×1025 sej in 2006, of which non-renewable one accounted for 70.65% owing to the dominating input of fossil fuels and nonmetal minerals. Resources intensity measured by the ratio of resources input to industrial value added declined gradually during 1997–2002, but the rapid expansion of resource–intensive sub–sectors resulted in a reverse trend since 2003. The current resources use pattern of Chinese industry is characterized by increasing input of non-renewable resources, excessive expansion of resource–intensive production, and tremendous challenge from environmental pressure.

关键词： Emergy Resources input Chinese industry

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Parameter uncertainty analysis in watershed total phosphorus modeling using the GLUE methodology

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Agriculture, Ecosystems & environment 2011年第3-4期142卷 246-255页

作者： Yongwei Gong Zhenyao Shen Qian Hong Ruimin Liu Qian Liao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China

Deterministic watershed models are frequently used for agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution simulations. However, parameter uncertainty should be analyzed before the modeling results are used to make decisions regarding watershed NPS pollution control programs. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the total phosphorus (TP) loads caused by NPS pollution in the upper Daning River Watershed in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology was used to analyze the parameter uncertainty in SWAT modeling. The impacts of three subjective options of GLUE, the parameter ranges, the level of confidence, and the threshold value of the likelihood measure, on the parameter uncertainty analysis results were analyzed. Specifically, we investigated if there was a combination of these factors that was most appropriate for expression of the uncertainty assessment results. The results indicated that the “observed data” may not always lie within the confidence intervals of GLUE, so the confidence interval was not sufficient to represent the uncertainty for the specific requirements of this study. Therefore we suggest there should be alternative measures to express the parameter uncertainty of GLUE.

关键词： SWAT Non-point source pollution Parameter range Confidence limit Threshold value Confidence interval

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