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Investigation of water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake, China

Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 737-748页

作者： Ying Zhao Zhifeng Yang Yingxia Li School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing 100875 China

To delineate the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake, North China, a ten-year analysis (2000-2009) of the variations on water quality parameters were conducted in the lake. The results showed that the variation of pollution indexes for TP, TN and NH 4+ took a larger fluctuation and two “pollution peaks” appeared in 2000 and 2006 in the comprehensive pollution index curve. A simple model was subsequently used to analyze the response of Baiyangdian Lake when the nutrients loading rates were changed. This model described the variations of lake parameters related with nutrients concentrations. It also suggested that maximum tolerance discharges of total phosphorus and nitrogen to Baiyangdian Lake is 10 tons/year and 437.5 tons/year, respectively.

关键词： Water pollution human activity Baiyangdian Lake nutrients water environment

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Response of Freshwater Biofilm to pollution and ecosystem in Baiyangdian Lake of China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1759-1769页

作者： Wang Xuemei Liu Jingling Ma Muyuan Yang Zhifeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & School of Environment Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

An experimental study was undertaken to highlight the potential applicability of biofilms as biomonitors forming simultaneously on natural and artificial substrata in Baiyngdian Lake(China).We investigated the responses of freshwater biofilm in 8 site of Baiyngdian Lake and compared with control site (a reservoir) to assess the relative health of water. Exposure to pollution and its impact on biofilms were assessed by measuring the biomass production, Chlorophyll concentration, the algal composition, extracellular enzyme activity of bacterial communities and Polysaccharide content. This relation between the biological characters of biofilms and water quality were discussed, and the relative health of regions were demonstrated by the degree of deviation based on bioflim indicator in the following order: Fu river (S4) < Duan cun (S8) < Nan Liuzhuang (S5) < Wang jiazai (S1) < Cai putai (S7) < Zao lingzhuang (S2)< Shao Chedian (S3).. The result indicated that biofilm can provide information for pollution detection and ecological health assessment of water, and biofilm on aritificial substrata was recommended for biomonitoring in the Baiyangdian Lake.

关键词： Freshwater biofilm community analyses Biomonitoring Substrata

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Heavy metals in water, soils and plants in riparian wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1344-1354页

作者： Honggang Zhang Baoshan Cui Rong Xiao Hui Zhao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Samples collected from sites of 26 for water, soils and two native plants (Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.) in riparian wetlands were analyzed to investigate the distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Panyu-Nansha area of Pearl River estuary. The results indicated that concentrations of heavy metals among three compartments were in the order: soils > plants > water and no obvious correlations were found between in soils and water, water and plants. Pb is the only metal accumulated in both plants that correlated with its concentrations in soils. The weak or lack correlations among metals in water, soils and plants suggest that other factors existed influence the metal uptake and storage in plants other than absorbing from soils and water. The plants had the same trend in metal accumulation that was Cd > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb. The translocation factors showed that metals accumulation was mostly occurred in roots for these two plants. Compared to the other heavy metals, Cd seemed to be much more hazardous. Principal Component analysis and Cluster analysis were used to analyze the relevance of different metals and identify the major sources. The results showed two factors dominated the metals variability (83.4% of total variance) that Cd and Pb, were dominated by PC1 whereas Cr, Cu and Ni charged by another factors and Zn was affected by both two components. Analysis of CA for the sampling sites showed that among all of anthropogenic pollutions, industrial wastewater was major sources of heavy metals especially for Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the PRE.

关键词： Riparian wetlands Heavy metals Pearl River estuary Panyu-Nansha area

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Carbon emissions from energy combustion in rural China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 980-989页

作者： L.X. Zhang C.B. Wang Z.F. Yang B. Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Carbon emissions from rural energy combustion have not been successfully addressed in the existing accounting system since incomplete data of rural energy consumption and exclusion of emissions from combustion of biofuels in the sectoral or national totals to avoid double counting. Presented in this paper were estimations of CO 2 emissions from fuel combustions in rural areas of China from 1979 to 2007 and analysis of their contributions to national energy related CO 2 emissions, to highlight the important role rural energy plays in regard to climate change and potential capacity for carbon abatement in rural areas. The temporal variations of CO 2 emission in rural areas was also analyzed with regard to total emissions, intensity and source structure, which could provide a novel perspective to our GHGs reduction strategies and related policy making. The results showed that the CO 2 emissions in rural China have constantly increased from 8.89×10 8 tons in 1979 to 28.74×10 8 tons in 2007. Commercial energy has become the dominant force of CO2 emissions in rural China, most of which is mainly derived from the consumption of coal and electricity. The proportion of carbon emissions from rural areas to nationwide underwent an inverted U-curve trend if biomass energy was ignored, with a peak at 47.40% in 2000. The situation becomes absolutely different when considering about biomass. For a long time (from 1979 to 2001), rural energy related carbon emissions has maintained a greatly high proportion in total carbon emissions with a fluctuations between 45.13% and 56.31%. The proportion of carbon emission in rural areas has declined since 2002, but still up 40.99% in 2007.

关键词： Rural energy Carbon emissions Biomass Low carbon economy

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Levels and congener patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in rural soils of Beijing, China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1955-1959页

作者： Shan Wu Xinghui Xia Shangwei Zhang Qiang Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This study aimed to investigate the levels and congener distribution of PCBs in rural soils of Beijing. The results indicated that the levels of PCBs in Beijing rural soils were relatively high in comparison with their concentrations in other rural areas, but lower than those in many urban areas. The congener profiles were predominated by lowly chlorinated congeners such as Di-CBs, Tri-CBs and Tetra-CBs, which was similar to those in other areas such as Dalian and Hong Kong. The concentrations of PCB congeners weakly correlated with the physicochemical properties of the rural soils, suggesting the little effect of soil properties on concentrations of PCBs.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls Rural soil Toxic equivalency Risk assessment Beijing

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Ecological influence of dam construction and river-lake connectivity on migration fish habitat in the Yangtze River basin, China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1942-1954页

作者： Yujun Yi Zhifeng Yang Shanghong Zhang Ph D. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China Professor State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China Associate Professor Renewable Energy School North China Electric Power University Beijing China

Habitat fragment owning to obstruct of dams and barriers badly affect the aquatic faunas. Many spawning sites of migration fishes are lost, and their growth and reproduction are affected. The Yangtze River with connected lakes is the most important fresh water fishery area in China. The Yangtze's four major carp species (YFMCS) are the most typical migration fish lived in this area. They reproduce in river and grow in lake. Distributaries lies between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake are the passages for these migration fishes. Due to the construction of dams and barriers, some original passages were out of use. Up to now, only four channels exist between the river and lake, there are Songcikou, Taipingkou and Ouchikou normally called “three outlets”, and Chenglingji inlet. Diverted Water Volume (DWV) and the Percentage of Diverted Water (PDW) through the three outlets reflect the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Dongting *** variation of river-lake relation caused by dam construction, and the effect on migration fishes are discussed in this paper. The relationship of DWV and fry output in middle reach of the Yangtze river and the Dongting Lake, PDW and the percentage of the YFMCS in a total catch of fish, DWV and flux of carp fry at the Jianli station, DWV and yield of the YFMCS were analyzed. The results show that dams and barriers constructed on the Yangtze River threaten some fish species in this area, especially the migration fishes. The connectivity degree of river and lake decide the growth and reproduction of emigration fishes, the yield of the YFMCS increase by the DWV increase, and hydraulic project have important influence on reproduction of fishes. In order to reduce the ecological influence of hydropower projects, reservoir management especially in spawning season should integrate ecological demand.

关键词： River-lake relation habitat fragment migration fish Yangtze River the Yangtze's four major carp species

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Characteristics analysis of first flush effect on runoff pollutants from different urban underlying surfaces

Characteristics analysis of first flush effect on runoff pol...

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International Conference on Mechanic Automation and control Engineering (MACE)

作者： Wei Wang Wei Ouyang Fanghua Hao School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University China

Surface water quality is negatively influenced by the urbanization process to pollutant loads in stormwater runoff and increases in runoff peaks and volumes. The first flush effect is the main impetus for pollutants transportations. This study compared the characteristics of first flush effect on stormwater runoff from blacktop driveway, concrete roof, and roof with grassland. The first flush effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH 3 -N), Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and Total Phosphorous (TP) were studied through monitoring of rainfall runoff on three different kinds of underlying surface, including bituminous roof, green roof and asphalt road. And four linear relationships for these pollutants were stimulated. The results demonstrated that the first flush effects of these four pollutants on three different kinds of underlying surface presented significantly. Over 80% of pollution load was delivered within the first 40% of the whole runoff period. Thus, retaining the initial runoff could effectively reduce runoff pollution. The linear relationships of four pollutants were presented significantly as well. Most of the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9, which showed that controlling pollution source could significantly diminish pollutants for the similarity of these four pollutants.

关键词： Urban pollution Surface contamination Water pollution Water storage Transportation Concrete Chemicals Monitoring Asphalt Roads

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Study on Risk Zoning Technology of Major environmental Risk Sources in Urban Scale and Its Application in Shanghai, China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1050-1062页

作者： Ya Yang Junwei Ma Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing 100875 P. R. China

Because of the inherent characteristics of the cities, such as high population density, complicated traffic, numerous pollution sources, etc., it has become very important to conduct environmental risk zoning in urban scale. Based on analyzing the current research situation of the regional environmental risk assessment and regional environmental risk zoning, this paper constructed the index system and the quantitative model of environmental risk zoning which are fit for urban scale, applies AHP to weight index and comprehensive evaluation method to calculate comprehensive risk index value. Then applying the method to Shanghai, and with the clustering function of SPSS and the visualization of GIS, the quantitative risk zoning map of Shanghai was obtained. The result can provide reference for environmental risk management of Shanghai.

关键词： Urban scale major environmental risk sources quantitative zoning technology Shanghai

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Characteristics analysis of first flush effect on runoff pollutants from different urban underlying surfaces

Characteristics analysis of first flush effect on runoff pol...

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2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and control Engineering, MACE2010

作者： Wang, Wei Ouyang, Wei Hao, Fanghua School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Normal University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424477388

Surface water quality is negatively influenced by the urbanization process to pollutant loads in stormwater runoff and increases in runoff peaks and volumes. The first flush effect is the main impetus for pollutants transportations. This study compared the characteristics of first flush effect on stormwater runoff from blacktop driveway, concrete roof, and roof with grassland. The first flush effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH3-N), Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N) and Total Phosphorous (TP) were studied through monitoring of rainfall runoff on three different kinds of underlying surface, including bituminous roof, green roof and asphalt road. And four linear relationships for these pollutants were stimulated. The results demonstrated that the first flush effects of these four pollutants on three different kinds of underlying surface presented significantly. Over 80% of pollution load was delivered within the first 40% of the whole runoff period. Thus, retaining the initial runoff could effectively reduce runoff pollution. The linear relationships of four pollutants were presented significantly as well. Most of the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9, which showed that controlling pollution source could significantly diminish pollutants for the similarity of these four pollutants. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Roofs

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Ecological network model analysis of China's endosomatic and exosomatic societal metabolism

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1400-1406页

作者： Yating Li Yan Zhang Naijin Yang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street Beijing 100875 China

The uncontrolled development of socio-economy is at the great expense of ecological environment and resource consumption, bringing great obstacle to the sustainable development of the society. Analysis of the societal metabolic system is important to promote social sustainability. We analyzed the basic metabolic process and used ecological network analysis to study network structure and the functions of the societal metabolic system, as well as the complex ecological relationships. Based on the results of the utility relationship analysis, we can clarify the trophic levels of components by utility analysis, quantify the contribution of each component to the system by throughflow analysis, and determine the role and position of each component in the system. Taking China as an example, the ecological network model of the societal metabolic system has been defined to analyze the China's endosomatic and exosomatic societal metabolism. The basic components of the system consists of the internal environment, the agriculture sector, the mining sector, the manufacturing sector, the domestic sector, the possessing recycling sector and the external environment. It can be concluded that China is in the extensive style of economic development mode. For the exosomatic societal metabolism, it is necessary to advocate advanced products and technology import and control primary products export; for the endosomatic societal metabolism, it is necessary to reduce the primary industries, to encourage high-efficiency industries, and to expand the scale of the possessing recycling industries, so as to improve the self-repairing ability of the societal metabolic system, further we can make the development of our society much more healthier.

关键词： Endosomatic and exosomatic societal metabolisms ecological network analysis metabolic processes metabolic pathway structure metabolic relationship metabolic trophic level China

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