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Assessment of river water quality in Pearl River Delta using multivariate statistical techniques

Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1220-1234页

作者： Xiaoyun Fan Baoshan Cui Hui Zhao Zhiming Zhang Honggang Zhang School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is one of the most industrialized areas in China, and the river water is increasingly deteriorated due to anthropogenic pollution from the rapid economic development. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify characteristics of water quality and to assess water quality spatial pattern in this region. The results of PCA for three regions showed that the first four components of PCA analysis showed 85.52% and 89.25% of the total variance in the data sets of North River region and West River region, respectively, the first three components showed 84.63% of variance for data set of East River region. Results of CA based on the station score of PCA were that stations of North River region, East River region and West River region were grouped into four, three and four clusters, respectively corresponding to severe pollution, moderate pollution, light pollution (except for East River region) and good water quality, which indicated the similarity and dissimilarity of the river water quality. Since, the results suggest that PCA and CA techniques are useful tools for assessment of water quality and management of water resources.

关键词： Water quality principal component analysis cluster analysis Pearl River Delta

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Discharge-salinity relationships in Modaomen waterway, Pearl River estuary

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1235-1245页

作者： Zhiming Zhang Baoshan Cui Hui Zhao Xiaoyun Fan Honggang Zhang School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China

There are many parameters determining salt intrusion in alluvial estuaries, including river discharge, channel shape, tidal forcing. In this paper, according to a well-tested theory for the calculation of salt intrusion in estuary regions, the salt intrusion length can be computed by the model that drives from this well-tested theory. There is an analytical method that presented for the salt intrusion in a funnel-shaped estuary. The method is tested against monitoring data from 6 stations during dry season in 2005 in the Modaomen water way. The average value of salt intrusion length to the point where the salinity on the cross section is 0.5‰ is 37.0 km. When the projects of the water transfer to meet the emergency stemming from salty tide put into effect, the salt intrusion length is decreased, which is 20.7 km on average. According to the length which is predicted by the model, we establish two optimal regression equations for the discharge-salt intrusion relationship at slack after flood tide during dry season (using the calculated length and measured length to discharge, respectively), one is an exponential regression equation, xL0 = 104.13 e-0.0007Q (R2=0.8276); the other is a power-law regression equation, xL0 = 106 Q-1.401 (R2=0.8007). Our results suggest that the salt intrusion length is dependent on the river discharge. The two regression equations used to determine discharge in the Modaomen water way which can explain river discharge-salt relationships, and offer a useful tool for predicting the relationships between estuarine salinity and river freshwater discharge.

关键词： Salt intrusion Freshwater discharge Modaomen waterway Pearl River estuary

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Two improvement approaches on ecosystem services valuation

Two improvement approaches on ecosystem services valuation

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International Conference on Mechanic Automation and control Engineering (MACE)

作者： Shengsheng Li Yan Zhang Yating Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Ecosystem services valuation is a widely accepted method to evaluating an ecosystem. And the similar calculating methods that different researchers adopt have a mutual shortage that it can not express the spatial differentiation of ecosystem. This article brings forward approaches to improve the method by eliminating area factor and adding structure character factor, especially emphasizing the significant effect of landscape pattern fragmentation. Additionally, a case study indicates that the improved method can get more abundant and more effective results than the original one.

关键词： Ecosystems Cost accounting environmental economics Power generation economics Production Cost benefit analysis Cost function pollution control Electronic mail Instruments

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An Input-output Model to Analyze Sector Linkages and CO2 Emissions

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1841-1845页

作者： Ju Liping Chen Bin State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China 100875 State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing 100871 China

International negotiations of reducing CO2 emissions address the question of how to account annual CO2 emissions of each sector of one city. The aim of this study is to establish the CO2 inventories focused on the supply chain emissions of CO2 emissions form each sector, e.g. agriculture, industry, transportation and tertiary industry. And to categorize upstream emission sources to identify the significant sectors that contribute the most to climate change. Moreover, IO-LCA method is chosen to evaluate the upstream carbon footprint and carbon dioxide emissions intensity of 28 economic sectors of Chongqing from 2002 to 2007. CO2 emissions the top-3 of which includes Transportation Equipment, Smelting and Pressing of Metals, Electricity, Steam Production and Supply, and CO2 emissions density the top-3 of which includes Coal Mining and Dressing, Nonmetal Minerals Mining and Dressing, Petroleum, Coking and Nuclear Fuel Processing.

关键词： input-output models CO2 emissions CO2 emission density Chongqing

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An Integrated Act for Groundwater Protection of Jinan City, China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1745-1749页

作者： Ranran Yang Baoshan Cui Hui Zhao Xiaoxia Lei School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China

Groundwater is a valuable natural resource providing a primary source of water for agriculture, domestic and industrial purposes. To Jinan, it is more significant because of the famous springs. But springs have drained off for several years because of groundwater over-extraction. Surface water and groundwater is an integrated system and the environment is a whole. Integrated management is essential. So this paper gives an integrated act for groundwater protection. Considering the surface water, groundwater, water quantity and quality, ecology, socio-economics of Jinan, especially the connection between surface water and groundwater, this integrated act consists of increasing groundwater recharge, restricting groundwater exploitation, jointly regulating and integrated management. These projects aims to balance groundwater exploitation and recharge, guarantee the springs against draining off, achieve a good ecological status. The environment as a whole will be improved. Different water users will benefit and the economy will be prosperous. So this act will promote the sustainable development.

关键词： Groundwater protection Integrated act sustainable development

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Ecological network analysis of an urban energy metabolic system: Model development, and a case study of four Chinese cities

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Ecological Modelling 2010年第16期221卷 1865-1879页

作者： Yan Zhang Zhifeng Yang Brian D. Fath Shengsheng Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Biology Department Towson University Towson Maryland USA Dynamic Systems Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria

Urban metabolism research faces difficulties defining ecological trophic levels and analyzing relationships among the metabolic system's energy components. Here, we propose a new way to perform such research. By integrating throughflow analysis with ecological network utility analysis, we used network flows to analyze the metabolic system's network structure and the ecological relationships within the system. We developed an ecological network model for the system, and used four Chinese cities as examples of how this approach provides insights into the flows within the system at both high and low levels of detail. Using the weight distribution in the network flow matrix, we determined the structure of the urban energy metabolic system and the trophic levels; using the sign distribution in the network utility matrix, we determined the relationships between each pair of the system's compartments and their degrees of mutualism . The model uses compartments based on 17 sectors (energy exploitation; coal-fired power; heat supply; washed coal; coking; oil refinery ; gas generation; coal products; agricultural; industrial; construction; communication, storage, and postal service; wholesale, retail, accommodation, and catering; household; other consuming; recovery; and energy stocks). Analyzing the structure and functioning of the urban energy metabolic system revealed ways to optimize its structure by adjusting the relationships among compartments, thereby demonstrating how ecological network analysis can be used in future urban system research.

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LUCC and landscape pattern variation of wetlands in warm-rainy Southern China over two decades

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1296-1306页

作者： Kaiyu Song Jinyong Zhao Wei Ouyang Xuan Zhang Fanghua Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Water Hazard Research China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China

This study aims to investigate the Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) and landscape variation of lake-type wetlands, Huixian Wetlands, which locates in Guilin City of Guangxi province, southern China. The area of the wetlands significantly reduced from about 65 km 2 in 1950 s to 7.79 km 2 after 50 years development. By the means of remote sensing retrieval, a series of remote sensing data(TM) in 1987, 1991, 2006 and 2009 were used to extract the information of Huixian Wetlands. The land use transition matrixes showed that, the increase of farmland leaded to the degeneration of the wetlands during 1987-2009. Referring to the natural wetlands in these years, 53.99% changed into farmland and 37.83% turned into artificial wetlands. Consequently, the area proportion of the artificial wetlands, accounting in all kinds of land use types in 1987, increased to 26.82% in 2009. Moreover, the total area of wetlands increased from 7.29 km 2 to 7.79 km 2 during 2005-2009, which showed that measures on the wetlands restoration were taken by local government works. The landscape indices were calculated to further analyze the landscape changes of the Huixian Wetlands. The results show that the mean area of patches increased during 1987-2005, but the edge density decreased. It proved that the wetlands had been developed with a high-intensity level in 1987 which coincides with the practical situation of local economy. Moreover, the temporal distribution of the farmland showed that the wetlands evolution following the degeneration mode: first, the wetlands are reclaimed into many patches; secondly, small pieces of farmland become a big one and the number of wetlands patches decreases; finally, the wetlands turn into other kinds of landscape.

关键词： Wetlands Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes (LUCC) land-use conversion matrix Landsape patten

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Comparative study of water resource management policies between China and Denmark

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1775-1798页

作者： Liya Su Jingling Liu Per Christensen State Key Joint Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & School of Environment Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing P. R. China Department of Development and Planning Aalborg University Fibigerstraede 13 9220 Aalborg Denmark

This paper compares water resource management policies between China and Denmark at the planning level. It takes two vulnerable freshwater bodies as a case study: Baiyangdian wetland in China and Mariager fjord in Denmark. It explores the commons and differences between the two ecosystems from the characteristics of the ecosystems, historical and cultural background of the society, the technologies affect the way the common is used, how the common is seen at different times, the existence of property rights through time and their development process. It also compares the environmental regulations and its impact on both water bodies. The analysis shows that both in Denmark and in China it can be expected that goals, once they are decided, will be implemented. But in reality it seems to be much easier to accomplish in Denmark than in China, probably due to the complicated administrative structure in China and clearer goals and better resources in Denmark. Denmark has also accomplished a large degree of environmental policy integration (EPI). But China has opened up the gate to the whole world and shows a positive attitude to participating in international affairs and environmental protection as well as sustainability.

关键词： Comparative analysis Water resource management Denmark China

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The determinants and control measures of the expansion of aquatic macrophytes in wetlands

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1643-1651页

作者： Yan Lan Baoshan Cui Xia Li Zhen Han Wei Dong School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences No. 8 Dayangfang BeiYuan Road Beijing 100012China

More attention was paid to the excessive expansion of macrophytes which would accelerate the bioaccumulation and the terrestrilization. Studies on the relationship between the occurrence of plant spread and environmental variables are important because they would provide understanding of the impacts of natural and human factors on terrestrilization in wetland ecosystem. The review summarized the determinants of the aquatic macrophytes expansion. The ecological characteristics of the plants, community features and environmental conditions were included. The reliability and validity of water quality regulations, hydrological regulation, biological control, and other common control measures were also discussed in the paper.

关键词： expansion aquatic macrophytes determinants control measures

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Forecasting urban energy and CO2 emission using LEAP model: A case study in Jingdezhen City, China

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Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering 2010年第SUPPL. 1期18卷 75-83页

作者： Jia, Yanpeng Liu, Renzhi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Urban energy supply faces enormous pressure, and control of Green House Gas(GHG) emission becomes a hard constraint for economic development. In order to study change of the energy demand and CO2 emission in the context of energy saving and low carbon development, a technique to forecast energy demand and CO2 emission was proposed, in which a model for case study cities was developed in the framework of the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system(LEAP). The technique was applied in the Jingdezhen City, energy demand and CO2 emission were simulated in the scenarios of Business As Usual(BAU) and energy saving and low carbon. In the scenario of energy saving and low carbon, energy demand and CO2 emission will sharply decrease. Comparing with BAU scenario, total energy demand in Jingdezhen will be reduced by 27% in 2020 and CO2 emission per unit of GDP decreased by 37%.

关键词： Energy conservation

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