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Comparative study of water resource management policies between China and Denmark

Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1775-1798页

作者： Liya Su Jingling Liu Per Christensen State Key Joint Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & School of Environment Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing P. R. China Department of Development and Planning Aalborg University Fibigerstraede 13 9220 Aalborg Denmark

This paper compares water resource management policies between China and Denmark at the planning level. It takes two vulnerable freshwater bodies as a case study: Baiyangdian wetland in China and Mariager fjord in Denmark. It explores the commons and differences between the two ecosystems from the characteristics of the ecosystems, historical and cultural background of the society, the technologies affect the way the common is used, how the common is seen at different times, the existence of property rights through time and their development process. It also compares the environmental regulations and its impact on both water bodies. The analysis shows that both in Denmark and in China it can be expected that goals, once they are decided, will be implemented. But in reality it seems to be much easier to accomplish in Denmark than in China, probably due to the complicated administrative structure in China and clearer goals and better resources in Denmark. Denmark has also accomplished a large degree of environmental policy integration (EPI). But China has opened up the gate to the whole world and shows a positive attitude to participating in international affairs and environmental protection as well as sustainability.

关键词： Comparative analysis Water resource management Denmark China

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The determinants and control measures of the expansion of aquatic macrophytes in wetlands

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1643-1651页

作者： Yan Lan Baoshan Cui Xia Li Zhen Han Wei Dong School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences No. 8 Dayangfang BeiYuan Road Beijing 100012China

More attention was paid to the excessive expansion of macrophytes which would accelerate the bioaccumulation and the terrestrilization. Studies on the relationship between the occurrence of plant spread and environmental variables are important because they would provide understanding of the impacts of natural and human factors on terrestrilization in wetland ecosystem. The review summarized the determinants of the aquatic macrophytes expansion. The ecological characteristics of the plants, community features and environmental conditions were included. The reliability and validity of water quality regulations, hydrological regulation, biological control, and other common control measures were also discussed in the paper.

关键词： expansion aquatic macrophytes determinants control measures

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Forecasting urban energy and CO2 emission using LEAP model: A case study in Jingdezhen City, China

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Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering 2010年第SUPPL. 1期18卷 75-83页

作者： Jia, Yanpeng Liu, Renzhi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Urban energy supply faces enormous pressure, and control of Green House Gas(GHG) emission becomes a hard constraint for economic development. In order to study change of the energy demand and CO2 emission in the context of energy saving and low carbon development, a technique to forecast energy demand and CO2 emission was proposed, in which a model for case study cities was developed in the framework of the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system(LEAP). The technique was applied in the Jingdezhen City, energy demand and CO2 emission were simulated in the scenarios of Business As Usual(BAU) and energy saving and low carbon. In the scenario of energy saving and low carbon, energy demand and CO2 emission will sharply decrease. Comparing with BAU scenario, total energy demand in Jingdezhen will be reduced by 27% in 2020 and CO2 emission per unit of GDP decreased by 37%.

关键词： Energy conservation

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Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Daliao River watershed, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 865-871页

作者： QUAN Xiangchun, TANG Qian, HE Mengchang, YANG Zhifeng, LIN Chunye, GUO Wei State key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, School of environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. [a]State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The Daliao River, as an important water system in Northeast China, was reported to be heavily polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. Aerobic biodegradations of four selected PAHs （naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene） alone or in their mixture in river sediments from the Daliao River water systems were studied in microcosm systems. Effects of additional carbon source, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature variation on PAHs degradation were also investigated. Results showed that the degradation of phenanthrene in water alone system was faster than that in water-sediment combined system. Degradation of phenanthrene in sediment was enhanced by adding yeast extract and ammonium, but retarded by adding sodium acetate and not significantly influenced by adding phosphate. Although PAHs could also be biodegraded in sediment under low temperature （5~C）, much lower degradation rate was observed. Sediments from the three main streams of the Daliao River water system （the Hun River, the Taizi River and the Daliao River） demonstrated different degradation capacities and patterns to four PAHs. Average removal rates （15 or 19 d） of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene by sediment were in the range of 0.062-0.087, 0.005-0.066, 0.008- 0.016 and 0-0.059 mg/（L.d）, respectively. As a result, naphthalene was most easily degraded compound, anthracene was the hardest one. In multiple PAHs systems, the interactions between PAHs influenced each PAH biodegradation.

关键词： biodegradation the Daliao River microcosm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sediment

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Zoning Abrupt environmental pollution Risk in a Mega-city

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1022-1031页

作者： R.Z. Liu D.D. Lan Alistair G.L. Borthwick State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Dalian 116023 China Department of Engineering Science Oxford University Parks Rd. Oxford OX1 3PJ U.K

Major abrupt environmental pollution accidents can cause huge socio-economic losses and seriously damage the environment. Zoning of abrupt environmental pollution risk can greatly aid decision-making and governance, with a view to preventing and mitigating such pollution accidents in a typical mega-city. The present paper proposes a risk system for environmental pollution accidents, which comprises an index system and a quantitative risk assessment model of environmental risk zonation. The system is based on data on past abrupt environmental pollution accidents, regional environmental risk theories, and natural disaster risk theories. An Abrupt environmental pollution Risk Zonation (AEPRZ) approach, applicable to a large area, is proposed, which involves the selection of appropriate zonation principles, units, and indexes for the measurement and classification of environmental risk, amending the zonation, and then mapping risk zonation with GIS tools. The AEPRZ approach is applied to the risk zonation of environmental pollution accidents in Minhang District, Shanghai, China, which was divided into four zones according to high, medium, low, and very low degrees of risk. In each zone, each of the socio-economic, hazard, vulnerability, and overall risk factors is assigned a specific degree of risk, thus providing a basis for the implementation of control measures as part of environmental risk prevention management.

关键词： Risk Abrupt environmental pollution Measuring Model Assessment Zonation

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Modified landfill gas generation rate model of first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 313-319页

作者： Jiajun CHEN Hao WANG Na ZHANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

This investigation was carried out to establish a new domestic landfill gas(LFG)generation rate model that takes into account the impact of leachate *** first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction(FKTSR)model of the LFG generation rate includes mechanisms of the nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main *** this study,the FKTSR model was modified by the introduction of the outflow function and the organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through *** experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and verify the modified FKTSR *** model calibration was then calculated by using the experimental *** results suggested that the new model was in line with the experimental *** main parameters of the modified FKTSR model,including the LFG production potential(L0),the reaction rate constant in the first stage(K1),and the reaction rate constant in the second stage(K2)of 64.746 L,0.202 d^(–1),and 0.338 d^(–1),respectively,were comparable to the old ones of 42.069 L,0.231 d^(–1),and 0.231 d^(–1).The new model is better able to explain the mechanisms involved in LFG generation.

关键词： landfill gas(LFG) generation rate model first-order kinetics two-stage reaction outflow function

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A novel knotted cotton-thread carrier:Its potential use in achieving the biomass renewal of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 670-675页

作者： ZHOU Cheng WEN XiangHua The State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environment Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In order to achieve an innovative strategy to renew the biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system which can maintain white-rot fungi biomass, a novel knotted cotton-thread carrier was designed and made. By using a high-speed stirring apparatus under the conditions of 1400 r/min stirring speed for 6 min, mycelia immobilized on the knotted cotton-thread carriers were exfoliated completely and homogenized to a proper size. Furthermore, the homogenized mycelia from the immobilized mycelia can resume their growth on the knotted cotton-thread carriers in agitated flask cultures. The average regrowth biomass on the new carriers and the reused carriers was 0.0171 g/carrier and 0.0314 g/carrier, respectively. It proves that the knotted cotton-thread carrier performs perfectly in homogening the immobilized mycelia to achieve the biomass renewal of P. chrysosporium in an immobilized growth system.

关键词： knotted cotton-thread carrier biomass renewal immobilization homogenizing Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 307-312页

作者： Xiaoxin CAO Xia HUANG Xiaoyuan ZHANG Peng LIANG Mingzhi FAN State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time-and *** paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen,which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell(MFC).Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria;Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative *** was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen,and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs.A parallel,stable,and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank *** external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial *** cathode with a five-hole configuration,used to hydrate the carbon cathode,gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole *** discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen ***,the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ.This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.

关键词： microbial fuel cell exoelectrogenic bacteria rapid screening

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Ecological network analysis of an urban water metabolic system: model development, and a case study for Beijing

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The Science of the total environment 2010年第20期408卷 4702-11页

作者： Yan Zhang Zhifeng Yang Brian D Fath State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China.

Using ecological network analysis, we analyzed the network structure and ecological relationships in an urban water metabolic system. We developed an ecological network model for the system, and used Beijing as an example of analysis based on the model. We used network throughflow analysis to determine the flows among components, and measured both indirect and direct flows. Using a network utility matrix, we determined the relationships and degrees of mutualism among six compartments--1) local environment, 2) rainwater collection, 3) industry, 4) agriculture, 5) domestic sector, and 6) wastewater recycling--which represent producer, consumer, and reducer trophic levels. The capacity of producers to provide water for Beijing decreased from 2003 to 2007, and consumer demand for water decreased due to decreasing industrial and agricultural demand; the recycling capacity of reducers also improved, decreasing the discharge pressure on the environment. The ecological relationships associated with the local environment or the wastewater recycling sector changed little from 2003 to 2007. From 2003 to 2005, the main changes in the ecological relationships among components of Beijing's water metabolic system mostly occurred between the local environment, the industrial and agricultural sectors, and the domestic sector, but by 2006 and 2007, the major change was between the local environment, the agricultural sector, and the industrial sector. The other ecological relationships did not change during the study period. Although Beijing's mutualism indices remained generally stable, the ecological relationships among compartments changed greatly. Our analysis revealed ways to further optimize this system and the relationships among compartments, thereby optimizing future urban water resources development.

关键词： Urban ecological networks Urban water metabolism Throughflow analysis Utility analysis Ecological network analysis

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Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 171-177页

作者： Shubo DENG Danmeng SHUAI Qiang YU Jun HUANG Gang YU Department of Environmental Science and Engineering POPs Research Centerand State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),as a potential persistent organic pollutant,has been widely detected in water environments,and has become a great concern in recent *** is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional *** may be an attractive method to remove it from *** this study,the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)from *** MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous *** sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics,isotherms,and effect of pH,salt,and competitive anions were *** results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast,pHdependent,and highly *** achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine *** sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations,which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent *** sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic *** prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.

关键词： perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents selective sorption electrostatic interaction

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