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Stress of urban energy consumption on air environment

中国高等学校学术文摘·地球科学 2009年第3期3卷 337-348页

作者： Gang YAN Li LI Bin CHEN State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning Beijing 100012 China School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With rapid urbanization and heavy industria-lization as well as the rapid increase of cars in China, the effect of energy consumption on urban air environment is increasingly becoming serious, and has become a hot topic for both scholars and decision-makers. This paper explores the effect mechanism and regulation of urban energy consumption on the air environment, and summarizes the framework of the stress effect relationship and the evolutionary process. In accordance with the effect relationship of the internal factors between the two, analytic approaches studying the stress effect of urban energy consumption on air environment are proposed, including the analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy consumption structure change, and the analysis of air environment effects caused by urban energy economic efficiency change, as well as a decomposition analysis of air pollutant emission caused by urban energy consumption. Applying the above-mentioned approaches into a case study on Beijing City, this paper analyzes the effect relationship among urban energy consumption structure improvement, energy economic efficiency increase and air quality change since the period when Beijing City officially proposed to bid for the 2008 Olympic Games in 1998. In addition, it further analyzes the effect and contribution of urban industrial activity level, industrial economic structure, industrial energy intensity, and industrial energy structure as well as emission coefficients on the change in industrial SO2 emission, which can provide valuable information to the government for making comPrehensive environmental policies, with the use of the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. It is shown that under the precondition that the industrial economy maintain a continuous and rapid increase, improvements in energy intensity and a decline in emission coefficients are the main means for reducing Beijing's industrial SO2 emissions.

关键词： urban energy consumption air environment stress effect decomposition analysis

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Chemical characteristics of particulate matter at major road locations in Beijing, China

Chemical characteristics of particulate matter at major road...

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102nd Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference and Exhibition 2009

作者： Yang, Liu Wu, Ye Song, Shaojie Hao, Jiming State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781615676514

A two-stage comprehensive monitoring program was carried out in 2001 and 2008, which targeted the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter at Beijing roadsides. The effect of control measures on roadside particulate matter for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was studied. The stringent emission control measures (e.g., the odd/even days for the private vehicles, the ban on high-emitters) implemented during the Olympic games resulted in the reduction of direct PM emissions from on-road vehicles and re-suspended dust. Except for the control measures on transportation, the controls targeting power plants and industrial boilers helped cut SO₂ and NO_x, resulting in the reduction of secondary inorganic particles concentration. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 102nd Air & Waste Management Association Annual Conference and Exhibition (Detroit, MI 6/16-19/2009).

关键词： Roadsides

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Research on water ecological services value and eco-compensation

Research on water ecological services value and eco-compensa...

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3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2009

作者： Linyu, Xu Zhaoxue, Li Yang, Li State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429028

Eco-compensation is an efficient method of environmental economic management on maintaining the function of ecosystem services. The eco-compensation standards are always determined according to the values of the ecosystem services. In this paper, the service function of different kind of water ecosystem has been analyzed. And the accounting methods of eco-compensation standards are suggested after analyzing and discussing some issues of service function account. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Ecosystems

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Construction of emergency management system for fatal environmental pollution accidents in China

Construction of emergency management system for fatal enviro...

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作者： Zeng, Weihua Chai, Ying Wei, Jing State Joint Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

Currently, China's rapidly developing economy as well as increasingly expanding urbanization and industrialization gives birth to not only prosperity but also many hidden troubles, among which are fatal environmental pollution accidents (FEPAs) caused during the manufacturing process. Frequent FEPAs have seriously threatened the economic development and personal security and restricted the sustainable development in China. To respond to frequent FEPAs in China, the authors analyzed the inducements to FEPAs and identified the responsibilities of environmental protection departments. Furthermore, the authors put forward a basic framework for emergency management system (EMS) by reference to the successful experiences overseas and proposed some suggestions. © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Sustainable development

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELING OF SECONDARY FLOWS IN A WIDE CURVED CHANNEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第6期21卷 758-766页

作者： HUANG Sui-liang JLA Ya-fei CHAN Hsun-Chuan WANG Sam S. Y. Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China National Centre for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering The University of Mississippi Carrier Hall 102 University MS 38677 USA

Most natural rivers are curved channels, where the turbulent flows have a complex helical pattern, as has been extensively studied both numerically and experimentally. The helical flow structure in curved channels has an important bearing on sediment transport, riverbed evolution, and pollutant transport study. In this article, different turbulence closure schemes i.e., the mixing-length model and the k-ε model with different pressure solution techniques i. e., hydrostatic assumptions and dynamic pressure treatments are applied to study the helical secondary flows in an experiment curved channel. The agreements of vertically-averaged velocities between the simulated results obtained by using different turbulence models with different pressure solution techniques and the measured data are satisfactory. Their discrepancies with respect to surface elevations, superelevations and secondary flow patterns are discussed.

关键词： 3-D numerical modeling curved channels secondary flow patterns experiments

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environmental performance evaluation methods of urban energy utilization

Environmental performance evaluation methods of urban energy...

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3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2009

作者： Lei, Wang Linyu, Xu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429028

With the rapid economic development, the level of energy utilization is raising quickly, which results in a series of environmental problems. Urban ecosystem, as the major consumer of energy and key point of environmental pollution control, has to carry out environmental performance evaluation in energy utilization to reconcile the economic growth with ecological preservation. This paper aims at providing an overview and a critical analysis on the environmental performance of urban energy utilization. Several methods in environmental performance evaluation of energy utilization, including energy ecological footprint, input-output analysis, fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and emergy & exergy analysis are introduced and analyzed. Based on the analysis of these studies and features of urban ecosystem, we propose several suggestions concerning how to construct a comprehensive environmental performance evaluation model in urban energy utilization, which therefore can support the sustainable economic-energy-environment development of the city with scientific and systematic decision-making. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Two-dimensional numerical and eco-toxicological modeling of chemical spills

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 178-185页

作者： Suiliang HUANG Yafei JIA Sam S.Y.WANG Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering The University of MississippiOxfordMS 38677USA

The effects of chemical spills on aquatic nontarget organisms were evaluated in this *** on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals,i.e.,ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA,Hudson River Model of PCBs,and critical body residual(CBR)model and dynamic energy budget(DEBtox)model,this paper presents an uncoupled numerical ecotoxicological *** transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model(including flow and sediment transport),and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model,*** to extreme scarcity of data,this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a *** analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.

关键词： chemical spills acute effects aquatic ecosystem eco-toxicological modeling

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Time series analysis on ecological competitive capacity of Beijing using emergy synthesis

Time series analysis on ecological competitive capacity of B...

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International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2009

作者： Zhang, Lixiao Yang, Zhifeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424446391

An emergy-based analysis was conducted to investigate evolvement of the ecological competitive capacity of Beijing with regard to urban evolution and city development from 1990 to 2005. A newly integrated indicator, Ecological Competitive Capacity Index (ECCI) was established by combing conventional emergy indices of percentage of local renewable resource, emergy self-sufficient ratio, emergy/money ratio and waste emergy ratio, to reflect the overall performance of urban system with respect to their long term sustainability. The result shows that the intensity, structure, efficiency and their environmental impact associated with urban emergy use have exhibited diversified changing tendency. However, the ECCI has decreased with fluctuation from 1990 to 1999, but remains relative stable after 1999. The maximum vale of 1 can be found in 1991 while the minimum value of 0 in 1997 among the concerned years. How to enhance the urban ecological capacity and strengthen the capability of sustainable development is an urgent issue confronted by large cities as Beijing. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Time series analysis

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Use of submerged anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor to treat highly toxic coke wastewater with complete sludge retention

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Journal of Membrane Science 2009年第1-2期330卷 57-64页

作者： Zhao, Wen-Tao Huang, Xia Lee, Duu-Jong Wang, Xiao-Hui Shen, Yue-Xiao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Chemical Engineering Department National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan

Coke wastewater is an extremely toxic industrial effluent that requires treatment before discharge. A bench-scale, anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A1/A2/O-MBR) system was utilized to treat real coke wastewater with complete sludge retention. In a 160-d test, the A1/A2/O-MBR system stably removed 87.9 ± 1.6% of chemical oxygen demand, 99.4 ± 0.3% of turbidity, and 99.7 ± 3.5% of NH4+-N from coke wastewater. The membrane rejected almost all suspended solids;hence, a low food-to-microorganism environment was created to degrade refractory substances and reduce sludge production rates. The microbial diversity in the MBR system declined over time;however, neither pollutant removal efficiency nor total biological activity was adversely affected. Membrane fouling, which occurred during the operation of the MBR system, was principally resulted from the colloidal fraction of supernatant in suspension. Physical cleaning removed initial deposits of particles;however, prolonged operation resulted in severe clogging that can only be removed by chemical cleaning. An A1/A2/O-MBR system with short intermittent physical cleaning was recommended for coke wastewater treatment. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bioreactors

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Enhanced treatment of coke plant wastewater using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor system

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Separation and Purification Technology 2009年第2期66卷 279-286页

作者： Zhao, Wen-tao Huang, Xia Lee, Duu-jong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Chemical Engineering Department National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan

A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A1/A2/O-MBR) system was used to treat heavily loaded and toxic coke plant wastewater and operated for more than 500 d. Treatment performance, acute toxicity assessment, and dissolved organic characteristics of the A1/A2/O-MBR system were investigated. The present (A1/A2/O-MBR) system was more efficient and reliable in pollutants and acute toxicity reduction than the conventional anaerobic-anoxic-oxic system tested in parallel as control especially at high and varying loading rates. When the total hydraulic retention times of the A1/A2/O-MBR system was 40 h, the average effluent COD, phenol, NH3-N, TN concentrations and acute toxicity were 264 ± 36 mg/L, 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/L, 0.8 ± 1.0 mg/L, 112 ± 47 mg/L and 0.17 ± 0.01 mg/L (Zn2+ toxicity reference), with removals of 89.8 ± 1.2%, >99.9%, 99.5 ± 0.7%, 71.5 ± 7.8% and 98.3 ± 0.3%, respectively. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic fractionation indicated that the hydrophobic acids were the most abundant fraction of dissolved organic matters in influent and effluent, accounting for 70.3%, 67.2% of total dissolved organic carbon, and 75.0%, 76.2% of total colour intensity, respectively. The hydrophilic substances of the oxic supernatant could be rejected effectively by the membrane. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) analysis suggested that humic substance-like matters were potentially refractory and colour causing matters in coke plant wastewater. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bioreactors

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