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Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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Non-covalent interaction of atomically dispersed dual-site catalysts featuring Co and Ni nascent pair sites for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第11期178卷 210-225页

作者： Imran Khan Yaogang Chen Zhiyang Li Wenjie Liu Salman Khan Sami Ullah Linlin Liu Amir Zada Sharafat Ali Shabana Shaheen Lei Yang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and ControlSchool of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China CNAS Accredited Test Center Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Air PurificationHealthlead Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518055China Key laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China K.A.CARE Energy Research&Innovation Center(ERIC) King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200Pakistan School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of ***_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from inefficient catalytic ***,a captivating strategy has emerged,which involves the en-gineering of heteroatom doping to enhance electrochemical *** investigation demonstrates a successful implementation of the strategy by combining ultrathin MoS_(2) nanosheets with Co and Ni dual single multi-atoms(DSMAs)grown directly on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets(CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs)for the purpose of improving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).With the aid of a dual-atom doped bifunctional electrocatalyst,effective water splitting has been achieved across a broad pH range in *** double doping of Co and Ni strengthens their interactions,thereby altering the electromagnetic composition of the host MoS_(2) and ultimately leading to improved electrocat-alytic ***,the synergistic effect between NCNs and MoS_(2) nanosheets provided efficient electron transport channels for ions and an ample surface area with open voids for ion ***-sequently,the CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs catalysts demonstrated exceptional stability and activity,producing low degree overpotentials of 180.5,124.9,and 196.4 mV for HER and 200,203,and 207 mV for OER in neu-tral,alkaline,and acidic mediums,respectively,while also exhibiting outstanding overall water-splitting performance,durability,and stability when used as an electrolyzer at universal pH.

关键词： Multifunctional catalyst Water splitting Functionalized carbon nanosheets Interface engineering pH-universal electrocatalysis

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Insights into Mn Loaded Carbon-Silica-Membrane for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation: Performance and Catalytic Mechanism

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Shuning Ren, Tengfei Zhou, Zuoyong Lu, Kechao Huang, Xia Zhang, Xiaoyuan State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) is a promising technology for advanced wastewater treatment and water reuse. The efficient decomposition of O3 into reactive oxygen species (ROS) and easy recycling capability are essential for HCO catalysts. In this work, Mn loaded Carbon-Silica-Membrane (Mn-CSM) has been designed and synthesized by electrospinning for HCO process. The high specific surface area and abundant pore size distribution of Mn-CSM elevated the exposure of active sites. The packed reactor construction promoted the utilization of O3. The experiments verify the Mn-CSM HCO process is effective for oxalate removal and coal gasification wastewater treatment, which is essential for water reuse. 93% of oxalate was degraded through Mn-CSM HCO process in 60 min, while the effluent of coal gasification wastewater after HCO treatment decreased from 105 mg L⁻1 to 42 mg L⁻1 in 60 min. The results also showed that the Mn-CSM HCO had a great removal rate for fluorescent components and other dissolved organic matters such as proteins and humic acids. Furthermore, multiple-cycle experiment demonstrated the higher mechanical stability of Mn-CSM in comparison with Mn loaded Carbon-Membrane (Mn-CM). The introduction of SiO2 particles in the carbon fibers were proven to promote the distribution of fluid flow field through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances in the wastewater proved that Mn-CSM HCO process had a higher removal for hydrophilic substance due to the higher hydrophilicity brought up by SiO2 particles. This study provides evidence that the packed membrane structure Mn-CSM for HCO process is a prospective catalyst for its high catalytic activity, stability and recyclable capability. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Integration of Strong Oxide-Support Interaction and Mesoporous Confinement to Engineer Efficient and Durable Zr/Al2O3 for Catalytic Solvent Regeneration in CO2 Capture

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Junhua Chen, Zhen Xing, Leixing Zhan, Guoxiong Huang, Zhoulan Bai, Xinhao Wang, Rong Peng, Yue State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Catalytic solvent regeneration is considered a promising solution to address the high heat duty of amine-based CO2 capture, urgently requiring for acid catalysts with strong activity and durability for practice application. In this work, feasible Zr/Al2O3 catalysts was proposed by incorporating well-distributed zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles within mesoporous alumina to construct stable active sites through mesoporous confinement and the strong metal oxide-support interaction. Performance experiments showed that the maximum carbamate decomposition desorption rate using Zr/Al2O3 increased by 178% compared to the catalyst-free case, resulting in approximately 27% lower relative heat duty. Bench-scale testing with continuous CO2 absorption and desorption demonstrated an optimized capture efficiency of 54.2% achievable with pelletized Zr/Al2O3, which was 12.5% higher than the blank case during the 11-h continuous testing. A 4-weeks hydrothermal testing indicated that the catalysts had minimal impact on solvent degradation, confirming the excellent adaptability of Zr/Al2O3 in an alkaline amine-based solvent for CO2 capture. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Titanium Mesh as the Anode of Electrochemically Active Biofilm Sensor for Improved Sensitivity in Water Toxicity Real-Time Early-Warning

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Xinning Qi, Xiang Gu, Yuyi Huang, Xia Liang, Peng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

As serious water ecological pollution caused by toxicant leakage occurs frequently, early-warning for toxicity presented in water environment attracts increasing attentions as it saves time to retain water safety and human health. Electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) sensor is a promising device for in situ real-time water toxicity early-warning. To improve the sensitivity of EAB sensor particularly for low-concentration toxicity warning, this study employed titanium mesh (TiM) as the anode to construct an EAB sensor. Compared to traditional EAB sensor with carbon felt (CF) anode, the sensitivity of the TiM sensor was increased upto 37.4 times. The effects of mesh size (TiM50, TiM100, TiM150) and operation mode (flow-by and flow-through) on the sensitivity of TiM sensors were further investigated. Results showed the sensor with TiM100 anode had the highest inhibition rate (IR) in flow-by mode, attributed to low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and fast mass transfer. Flow-through operation could further enhance TiM100 sensor’s sensitivity from flow-by operation and succeeded to signal as low as 0.0025% formaldehyde, the lowest so far tested in EAB sensor with sensing anode. Multiple toxicity shocks on flow-through TiM100 sensor revealed its good recoverability towards all tested formaldehyde concentration from 0.01% to 0.0025%, during which electrochemical activity degradation and biomass accumulation partially impaired the repeatability. This work highlights the great improvement of EAB sensors by utilizing titanium mesh as EAB carrier and provides a reference for the practical application of metallic materials for EAB sensors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anodes

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Mnnx-Carbon-Silica-Framework for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Electron-Rich Organics Through Nonradical Pathway

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Shuning Ren, Tengfei Lu, Kechao Ouyang, Changpei Huang, Xia Zhang, Xiaoyuan State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) is considered as a powerful technique for wastewater treatment and tuning the active sites of catalysts can adjust the HCO pathway of removing organics. The traditional hydroxyl radical pathway may be affected by wastewater matrix. In comparison, nonradical pathway such as 1O2 pathway and intra-electron transfer makes it a promising choice for electron-rich organics. In this study, we proposed MnNx loaded Carbon-Silica-Framework (MnNx-CSF) for selective removal for electron-rich organics and stable mechanical strength for catalytic ozonation. The results showed that the TOC removal for p-HBA was 81% in MnNx -CSF HCO within 30 min, while only 44% and 22% of TOC was removed after 30 min in the Mn-SiO2 HCO process and ozonation process. The N species were considered to be related to catalytic efficiency, and the graphitic N and pyridine N might be the relevant active N species in MnNx-CSF. Pyridine N could coordinate with Mn atoms, and the active site MnN4 showed a high tendency to adsorb O3 and decompose it into *Oads and 1O2. Graphitic N could also enhance the electron transfer pathway to degrade organics. Modulating N species and metal doping is considered to be a promising strategy to regulate the catalysts to achieve catalytic ozonation through a nonradical way. The results highlighted that experiments with theoretical calculations clearly showed that metal/N catalysts were effective for catalytic ozonation to degrade electron-rich organics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica

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Enhancement of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Production from Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation Liquid Under Moderate Sulfate Reduction

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gao, Shan Chen, Zhan Zhu, Shihui Yu, Jinlan Wen, Xianghua State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

In this study, batch tests for chain elongation (CE) process of sludge anaerobic fermentation liquid (SAFL) under different SCOD/SO42- ratios were performed. The effects of sulfate reduction on the performance of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production, fermentation liquid properties and microbial communities were systematically investigated. The moderate sulfate reduction under the optimum SCOD/SO42- of 20:1 enhanced the n-caproate production, giving the maximum n-caproate concentration, selectivity and production rate of 5.49 g COD/L, 21.4% and 4.87 g COD/L/d, respectively. The excessive sulfate reduction under SCOD/SO42- ≤ 5 completely inhibited the CE process, resulting in almost no n-caproate generation. The variations in n-caproate production under different conditions of SCOD/SO42- were all well fitted with the modified Gompertz kinetic model. Alcaligenes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 were the dominant genus-level biomarkers under moderate sulfate reduction (SCOD/SO42- = 20), which enhanced the n-caproate production by increasing the generation of acetyl-CoA and the hydrolysis of difficult biodegradable substances in SAFL. The findings in this work provide a strategy and a theoretical basis for the further enhancement of MCFAs production from excess sludge. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Performance of a Mixed Inoculum of Sludge and Pit Mud for Short-And Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Production: Insight into key Microbiome and Functional Potential in Anaerobic Fermentation Inoculum

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yu, Peng Wu, Menghan Bao, Wanyiin Wang, Hui State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

In this study, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) production from food waste with ethanol as electron donor using three different inoculants (active sludge, pit mud and mixture of sludge and pit mud). The results show that the R3 (mixed inoculum of sludge and pit mud) produced 8539.1 mg COD/L of MCFA, which is significantly higher than that produced by R1 (active sludge, 2712.6 mg COD/L) and R2 (pit mud, 3585.9 mg COD/L). The major MCFAs were caproate and heptanoate, and the SCFA and MCFA selectivity reaches 59.2%. Microbial community analysis revealed that the relative abundance levels of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 and Oscibacter were positively correlated with MCFA production. Further analysis of the enzymes related genes involved in the MCFA biosynthesis indicates that they were mainly related to enzymes of Clostridium, Oscibacter and Ruminiclostridium. These were the key genera involved in the chain elongation process. Metagenomic analysis revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway was the main pathway of MCFA synthesis in all three fermentation reactors. The abundance levels of all FAB pathway related-genes and MCFA functional microorganism were higher in R3. Additionally, the enrichment of the main gene abundance of metabolic pathway revealing that the mixed inoculum of sludge and pit mud combined the ability of fatty acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, with higher fermentation potential. Overall, this study provides new strategies and insights for MCFA production. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genes

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One-step ball milling-prepared nano Fe2O3 and nitrogendoped graphene with high oxygen reduction activity and its application in microbial fuel cells

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 185-195页

作者： Xingguo Guo Qiuying Wang Ting Xu Kajia Wei Mengxi Yin Peng Liang Xia Huang Xiaoyuan Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Developing high activity,low-cost and long durability catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is of great significance for the practical application of microbial fuel *** ftill exposure of active sites in catalysts can enhance catalytic activity ***,novel Fe-N-doped graphene is successftilly synthesized via a one-step in situ ball milling *** graphite,ball milling graphene,N-doped graphene and Fe-N-doped graphene are applied in air cathodes,and enhanced performance is observed in microbial fuel cells with graphene-based ***,Fe-Ndoped graphene achieves the highest oxygen reduction reaction activity,with a maximum power density of 1380±20 mW/m^2 in microbial fUel cells and a current density of 23.8 A/m^2 at-0.16 V in electrochemical tests,which are comparable to commercial Pt and 390%and 640%of those of pristine *** investigation of the material characteristics reveals that the superior performance of Fe-Ndoped graphene results from the full exposure of Fe2O3 nanoparticles,pyrrolic N,pyridinic N and excellent Fe-N-G active sites on the graphene *** work not only suggests the strategy of maximally exposing active sites to optimize the potential of catalysts but also provides promising catalysts for the use of microbial fuel cells in sustainable energy generation.

关键词： Microbial fuel cells Air cathodes Nano Fe2O3 and nitrogen-doped graphene Oxygen reduction reaction

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Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability:Effects of flow pattern and fermentation pretreatment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 155-164页

作者： Quan Yuan Hui Gong Hao Xi Kaijun Wang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The influences of flow patterns(mixed-flow and plug-flow)and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granular sludge(AGS)formation with various substrate availability levels were investigated by running four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors(R1-R4),comparing two anaerobic feeding strategies and three kinds of substrates.R1 achieved faster granulation with a fast influent fill step followed by a modified anaerobic mixed-flow phase,but the AGS showed poorer stability with a cracked structure and a high suspended solids concentration in the *** anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode(with influent fed slowly from the bottom)in R2 provided deeper penetration depth for the substance to reach the core of A G S and accordingly strengthen A G S *** acidogenic upflow sludge bed reactor was introduced as a pretreatment to improve the AGS performance by enhancing glucose pre-fermentation(R4).AGS fed with mixed volatile fatty acids(VFA)after glucose fermentation showed similar performance compared with the reactor fed with acetate in the aspects of stability,structure,size distribution and nitrogen removal efficiency,and 74%similarity in the microbial *** actual wastewater with low VFA concentrations,fermentation treatment was suggested as a promising pretreatment for stable AGS granulation and operation.

关键词： Anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode Anaerobic mixed-flow mode Fermentation pretreatment Substrate gradient Penetration depth

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