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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Zixin Huang, Guohe Li, Yongping Chen, Xiujuan Yao, Yao Zhang, Peng Ren, Shaojie Li, Mengna Luo, Yifei Chen, Ning Feng, Renfei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control China-Canada Center for Energy Environment and Ecology Research UR-BNU School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Civil Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW CalgaryABT2N 1N4 Canada Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaS4S 0A2 Canada Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Canadian Light Source SaskatoonS7N 2V3 Canada

Homogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) technique is effective to mitigate membrane fouling through oxidizing organic foulants by hydroxyl radicals (HO·), but suffers from acid pH working environment (2.5 ~ 3.5), low iron recyclability, and iron sludge accumulation. Herein, we developed a heterogeneous EF catalytic membrane to overcome these problems. A FeOCl@NCNT-functionalized ceramic membrane (FeOCl@NCNT/CM) was prepared to control the membrane fouling caused by humic acid (HA). At near neutral pH (~ 6.0), the membrane enabled the in-situ generation of HO·. It also imparted an effective regeneration of Fe(II) through cathodic reduction and the electron transfer to Fe(III) from pyrrolic-N. The continuously generated HO· could oxidize the HA on/in the membrane. Moreover, electrostatic repulsion reduced the adhesion of negatively charged HA on the membrane and promoted their detachment from the membrane. In continuous electrification mode, the membrane showed a superior antifouling ability. The water flux of the FeOCl@NCNT/CM at an applied voltage of -2.2 V was 1.79 times as high as that without voltage. Both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling were greatly reduced, and the transition of membrane fouling mechanism from pore blockage to cake filtration was significantly delayed. In intermittent electrification mode, the membrane exhibited an excellent self-cleaning performance. The fouled membrane showed considerable water flux recovery ratios (> 95%) after the EF cleaning at -2.2 V. The excellent antifouling and self-cleaning properties, low energy consumption, good stability and reusability of the FeOCl@NCNT/CM make it promising for the in-situ control of membrane fouling in water and wastewater treatment. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Membrane fouling

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Structure and Composition of Biofilms in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors Pretreated by Four Drying Methods

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Zhuqiu Xi, Jinying Yang, Ruili Lu, Lichao Qiu, Wei Yang, Bairen Tsinghua University China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng224051 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan316022 China

The impact of drying methods on the structure and composition analysis of biofilms from moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has been overlooked. To ensure that the biofilm is derived from a steady operation phase of the MBBR, stable removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N), PO43- and a biofilm dry weight were obtained after 22 days of operation. Four drying methods (supercritical CO2 drying, vacuum freeze-drying, heat drying, and natural drying) were used to pretreat the biofilm, and the changes of biofilm structure and composition were investigated. The supercritical CO2 drying and vacuum freeze-drying both maintained the composition, while vacuum freeze-drying increased average pore diameter by more than 5 times compared to supercritical CO2 drying. In addition, heat drying and natural drying both damage to structure and composition of biofilm, especially heat drying could cause structural collapse, surface charges decline of at least 20%, C and N elements loss, and biomacromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids) loss. Results from this investigation will assist in elucidating the most appropriate drying methods for analyzing biofilm structure and composition. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Structure (composition)

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Predicting Three-Dimensional Drought Propagation: A Vine-Copula-Bayesian-Factorial Analysis (Vcbfa) Method

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Hao Li, Yongping Huang, Guohe Zhang, Quan Ma, Yuan Li, Yanfeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaSKS4S0A2 Canada Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences China

Hydrological drought (HD) is a complex natural hazard, and the propagation of agricultural drought (AD) and meteorological drought (MD) play crucial roles in HD occurrence. Nevertheless, the mechanism of three-dimensional propagation from MD and AD to HD remains unknown. Through the combination of vine copula, Bayesian model averaging, and factorial analysis, a novel method referred to as VCBFA is developed in this study. The VCBFA is applied to the typical Aral Sea Basin (ASB) in Central Asia. The results prove its effectiveness in predicting propagation probability among three types of droughts. The major findings are: (1) the streamflow deficit would be more serious for ASB in winter, and short-term precipitation deficiency would relive due to increased precipitation in warmer climates;(2) owing to the impact of reservoir operation and altitude, HD would be easily propagated for the upper and middle ASB, the mean propagation probability would increase by 0.21 under SSP5-8.5;(3) because of the impacts of climatic aridity and intensive irrigation water withdrawal, AD with a more severe level and shorter time scale, as well as MD with a more severe level and longer time scale, would easily propagate HD;(4) the AD has a higher contribution to the propagation probability than MD, with ratios of 55% and 42% under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. This study contributes to improving drought warning systems and giving insights into the propagation mechanism. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drought

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An Acid Rain–Friendly Nh3 control Strategy to Maximize Benefits Toward Human Health and the Ecosystem

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Dong, Zhaoxin Wang, Shuxiao Jiang, Yueqi Xing, Jia Ding, Dian Zheng, Haotian Hao, Jiming State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki00014 Finland

Ammonia (NH3) abatement remains controversial in China owing to its effectiveness in reducing PM2.5 pollution and nitrogen deposition but with the potential risk of promoting acid rain formation, necessitating scientific guidance. Here, we propose a novel method for designing an NH3 control strategy to mitigate both air pollution and nitrogen deposition without significantly exacerbating acid rain. This method involves extending the response surface model (RSM) to deposition using a delicately developed polynomial response function of deposition (i.e., dep-RSM). The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) dep-RSM application reveals that 16 out of 41 cities have NH3 control potentials from 15% to 71%. Excellent NH3 control potentials have been noted between April and June (78%–92%). From 2013 to 2017, the effective SO2 and NOx control significantly reduced wet sulfur and oxidized nitrogen deposition, providing considerable NH3 abatement potentials (15%–24%) to further reduce PM2.5 and nitrogen deposition by up to 2% and 9%, respectively, without acid rain exacerbation (the wet neutralization factor was maintained). Additionally, 57% and 73% NH3 emission reduction potentials were obtained under acid rain constraints with 75% and 86% reductions in the other precursors to reduce the average PM2.5 concentration below 25 and 15 µg/m3, and an additional 8408 and 14459 premature deaths could only be avoided at an extra cost of 8.7 and 19.7 billion CNY, respectively. Meanwhile, the N deposition considerably reduced by 10 and 13 kgN/ha·yr. However, the YRD region could still simultaneously obtain substantial amounts of PM2.5 and N deposition mitigation using the strategy proposed herein. The expanded optimization system can be directly adopted by policymakers to implement coordinated control in regions or countries facing the same NH3 control conundrum. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ammonia

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Enhancing Chlorella Vulgaris Growth with Fe-Loaded Sulphoaluminate Cement: A Promising Phosphorus Adsorbent Reutilization Strategy

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lian, Faqin Fu, Qionglin Miao, Shiyu Zhang, Yanyu Wang, Ying Wang, Junfeng Lan, Huachun Liu, Huijuan Qu, Jiuhui Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control SchoolofEnvironment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization South China Sea Hainan University Haikou570228 China College ofFisheries andLife Science Hainan TropicalOcean University Sanya572000 China

The irreversible adsorption represented by cement-based adsorbents is difficult to regenerate. To address this issue, a novel disposal strategy with low environmental pollution and economic costs, namely, cement-based marine reefs was developed. The performance of FSC-P (Fe-loaded sulphoaluminate cement adsorbed phosphorus, FSC-P) was assessed including the phosphorus source supplied by FSC-P, cellular composition, pigment content, membrane integrity, and antioxidant system of marine Chlorella vulgaris. Physiological feedback of C. vulgaris showed that FSC-P effectively reduces oxidative stress, enhances cell membrane integrity, and promotes the accumulation of essential cellular components in algae. The phosphorus and calcium source of FSC-P came from Ca2P2O7 and Ca4Al6O12SO4 (ye’elimite) under alkaline conditions. Meanwhile, FSC-P has the characteristics of slow release, and phosphorus can be extracted over 16 days. By directly applying FSC-P to marine environments without requiring pretreatment, our approach offers a practical and sustainable solution, bridging the gap between environmental conservation and resource utilization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cytology

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Study of Sediment Impacts on Flood Risk by Numerical Modeling

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Hongxi Du, Jizeng Yi, Yujun Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519087 China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China

Sediments seriously increase flood risk. The lack of sediment data, as well as uncertainty in sediment yield and transport modeling, hampers the incorporation of sediment into flood risk assessment/early-warning systems. In this study, we targeted a 10km reach that experienced a flash flood with high sediment inflows in 2019 and simulated sediment impacts on flood propagation and flood risk using a 1D hydraulic model. Two sediment inflow types were considered: sudden inflow from a debris flow and constant inflow from upstream. For the former type, different inflow times before, during and after the peak discharge were tested;for the latter type, different sediment concentrations and medium grain sizes were tested in the scenario design. Our results showed that when sediments inflowed into the reach in a short time, they greatly increased the water level by up to 3.7m in the reach near the inflow point (i.e., 500–700m upstream and downstream of the point). When sediments constantly inflowed from upstream, they influenced the water level of the whole reach but raised the water level by up to 1.2m in the cross-sections, which showed strong bed aggradation. Sudden sediment inflow influenced the reach near the inflow point and might increase its flood risk to the highest level, whenever it occurred before, during or after the peak discharge. Constant sediment inflow affected little the flood risk of the peak discharge but increased the risk afterward when the sediment concentration was higher than 40 kg m-3 . Cross-sections showing increased flood risk were characterized by decreasing bed slopes or increasing widths. In view of the impacts of different sediment inflow types on flood risk, we developed a method to identify potential sediment risk. Together with current risk assessment by water flow, we proposed a framework to incorporate sediment into flood risk assessment. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sediments

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Ozone Production Sensitivity Analysis for the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration Based on a Muti-Site and Two-Episode Observation

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Ming Liu, Yuhan Lu, Keding Yu, Dan Li, Chunmeng Zhai, Tianyu Yang, Suding Tan, Zhaofeng Ma, Xuefei Li, Xin Dong, Huabin Zeng, Limin Chen, Shiyi Chen, Junhui Tan, Qinwen Song, Danlin Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang, Yuhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China Center for Environmental Metrology National Institute of Metrology Beijing China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing China Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences Chengdu China Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences Chengdu China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China

Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) is one of the most serious areas suffering ozone pollution in China. A comprehensive field observation focused on the ozone production rate and its sensitivity was conducted at CPUA in the summer of 2019. Six sampling sites were set and two ozone pollution episodes were recognized. The daily maximum 8-h average (MDA8) O3 concentration reached 137.9 ppbv in the urban sites during the ozone pollution episode. Peak concentration of O3 was closely related to intense solar radiation, high temperatures, and precursor emissions. The OH-HO2-RO2 radical chemistry and ozone production rate (P(O3)) was calculated using an observation-based model (OBM). The daily peak OH concentration varied in the range of 3-13×106 molecules cm−3, and peak HO2 and RO2 were in the range of 2–14×108 molecules cm−3 during ozone pollution episodes. During the ozone pollution episode, the average maximum of P(O3) in suburban sites (about 30 ppbv h-1.) was compared with urban sites, and the maximum of P(O3) was 18 ppbv h-1 in rural sites. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results demonstrate that it was a VOC-limited regime in the central urban area of Chengdu, with NOx suppression effect in some regions. In the southern neighboring suburb of Chengdu, it was VOC-limited as well. However, the northern suburban area was a transition region. In the remote rural areas of the southern CPUA, it was highly NOx-limited. Local ozone production driven by the photochemical process is crucial to the ozone pollution formation in CPUA. The geographically differentiated recognition of the ozone regime found by this study can help to tailor control strategies for local conditions and avoid the negative effects of a one-size-fits-all approach. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecules

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Time-Resolved in Situ Infrared and Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy of V2o5/Tio2: Effects of Wo3 and Moo3 Loadings for Nh3-Scr

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Lv, Zhihui He, Guangzhi Ge, Yanli Liu, Yongchun Yu, Yunbo He, Hong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Ganzhou341000 China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen361021 China

Vanadia-based catalysts are widely applied in NOx reduction, while the promoting effect of WO3 and MoO3 is still under debate. Herein, we prepared V2O5/TiO2, V2O5-WO3/TiO2, and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalysts and revealed that WO3 and MoO3 enhanced the activity of V2O5/TiO2, particularly under wet conditions. In situ DRIFTS, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS), and DFT calculations demonstrated that NH3 adsorption on Lewis acid sites of V2O5/TiO2 resulted in the formation of NH3ads-L1 (1284 cm-1, Ti sites of O=V-O-Ti) and NH3ads-L2 (1604 cm-1, V=O sites). By using 2D COS, we firstly found that the NH3ads-L1 exhibited higher reactivity towards NO to produce NH2NO* via NH2*, which was promoted by WO3. Moreover, WO3 and MoO3 doping inhibited H2O adsorption, and promoted its desorption at elevated temperature, thus protecting the V=O sites on V2O5/TiO2. Also, 2D COS analysis provides a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the active sites and intermediates in NH3-SCR reaction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysts

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Characterizing In-Cabin Air Quality and Vehicular Air Filtering Performance for Passenger Cars in China

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yin, Chunyang Li, Hongyi Cha, Yingying Zhang, Shaojun Du, Jiee Li, Zhenhua Ye, Wu School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing China UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London United Kingdom CabinAir Sweden AB Stockholm Sweden IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Stockholm Sweden State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing China Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China

The rapidly growing vehicle population has become a crucial contributor to severe air-pollution and public health issues. In urban areas, vehicles have become one of the important sources of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and ultra-fine particulate matter. In particular, the on-road concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) are typically many times higher than normal ambient concentrations, potentially leading to high in-vehicle exposure levels to TRAPs. Limited studies have focused on the variability in in-vehicle concentrations of TRAPs and linked the pollution level to both ambient conditions and the in-cabin filtration performance during real-world travels. Therefore, this study measured on-roadway, in-cabin concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by using well-calibrated low-cost sensors during various conditions. Our results indicate that, although in-cabin PM 2.5 concentrations are correlated to out-cabin PM 2.5 concentration levels, the control efficiency would be affected by the ventilation mode and the adoption of vehicular filtration device. The PM 2.5 reduction efficiencies could achieve 45% and 77% for in-use and new filters made by vehicle manufacturers respectively, with the average CO 2 concentration remained at a safe level ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Health risks

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Effects of Wo3 and Moo3 Loadings on Vanadia-Based Catalysts for Nh3-Scr: Revealed by in Situ Infrared and Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

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SSRN 2023年

Vanadia-based catalysts have been widely applied in NOx reduction, while the promoting effects of WO3 and MoO3 are still under debate. Herein, we prepared V2O5/TiO2, V2O5-WO3/TiO2, and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalysts and revealed that WO3 and MoO3 enhanced the activity of V2O5/TiO2, especially under wet conditions. In situ DRIFTS, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS), and DFT calculations demonstrated that NH3 adsorbed on Lewis acid sites of V2O5/TiO2, resulting in the formation of NH3ads-L1 (1284 cm-1, Ti sites of O=V-O-Ti) and NH3ads-L2 (1604 cm-1, V=O sites). By using 2D COS, we found that the NH3ads-L1 exhibited higher reactivity towards NO to produce NH2NO* via NH2*, which was promoted by WO3. Moreover, WO3 and MoO3 doping inhibited H2O adsorption, and promoted its desorption by increasing temperature, thus protecting the V=O sites on V2O5/TiO2. Also, 2D COS provided a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the active sites and intermediates in the NH3-SCR reaction. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysts

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