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Feasibility of a Trickling Filter for Partial Nitritation/Anammox: Effects of Carrier Material, Passive Ventilation Openings and Hydraulic Loading Rate at Lab Scale

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Xie, Yankai Jia, Mingsheng De Wilde, Fabian Daeninck, Katrien De Clippeleir, Haydée Verstraete, Willy Vlaeminck, Siegfried E. Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerpen2020 Belgium State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Ghent University Coupure Links 653 Gent9000 Belgium Avecom NV Industrieweg 122P Wondelgem9032 Belgium

Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) is a resource- and cost-effective technology for biological nitrogen removal from carbon-lean wastewater. As a passively aerated reactor, a trickling filter (TF) can decrease the energy demand associated with aeration. To achieve further energy-lean nitrogen removal, the feasibility of TFs for PN/A was tested with synthetic wastewater containing 100-250 mg NH4+-N L−1. The impact of passive ventilation openings (at the top vs. top and bottom) and hydraulic loading rates (HLR, 0.4-2.2 m3 m−2 h−1) was investigated in three parallel lab-scale TFs packed with different carrier materials. Interestingly, the inexpensive carrier material based on expanded clay achieved similar nitrogen removal rates as commercially used plastic materials. The ventilation at the top combined with an optimum HLR of 1.8 m3 m−2 h−1 could reach approximately 60% total nitrogen (TN) removal at a rate of 300 mg N L−1 d−1. A relatively low NO3−-N production (13%) was achieved for the first time via PN/A in a TF. Most of the TN removal took place in the top compartment, where anammox activity was highest. The results demonstrated the feasibility of a TF for PN/A. The estimated electricity consumption (0.78 kWh kg−1 N) is 35% more energy-efficient than an actively aerated reactor, suggesting that the proposed process can be a suitable low-energy alternative for nitrogen removal. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dissolved oxygen

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The Coupling of Nitrification–Assimilation Processes Dominated by Hydrologic Conditions controls Nitrate Fate in Cascade Hydropower Reservoirs: Evidences from Δ15n and Δ17o

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cui, Gaoyang Li, Xiao-Dong Ding, Shiyuan Li, Siqi Yang, Mengdi Dai, Wenjing Li, Yan The College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth's Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China National Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Guangzhou510535 China

Reservoirs are considered critical zones for the nitrate cycle, significantly altering the source-sink dynamics of nitrate in riverine systems. Nonetheless, the influence of thermal stratification strength induced by dam construction on nitrate transformation processes in cascade hydroelectric reservoirs remains inadequately understood. Consequently, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, δD, Δ17OH2O, relative water column stability (RWCS), and associated environmental factors within cascade reservoirs along the Wujiang River in Southwest China. The mixSIAR model identified manure and sewage (M&S) as the predominant source of nitrate in the cascade reservoirs, with soil organic nitrogen (SON), chemical fertilizer (CF), and atmospheric precipitation (AP) following in significance. Nonetheless, the mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes indicates a potential underestimation of the contribution from atmospheric nitrate. The proportion of atmospheric nitrate exhibited seasonal variability, accounting for 59% in January, 40% in July, and 24% in October. Evidence derived from δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 isotopic values indicates that the coupling of nitrification-assimilation was the predominant nitrate transformation process in the epilimnion of the cascade reservoirs. Additionally, partial denitrification was observed in the hypolimnion. The spatiotemporal distribution and succession of nitrate transformation processes were primarily regulated by RWCS (p © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrates

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A Framework to Quantitatively Assess the Influence of Lulc on Coastal Wetland Hydrological Connectivity from a Landscape Resistance Perspective

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Man, Ying Du, Jizeng Lian, Zhongmin Wang, Qing Cui, Baoshan School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing100875 China Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Ministry of Education Shandong257500 China College of Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is one of the dominant factors contributing to coastal wetland degradation and loss. Most studies focused on LULC changes or their influence on specific ecosystem components. However, LULC's influence on the hydrological connectivity of coastal wetlands has yet to be studied, especially in quantitatively assessing the influence on spatial and temporal scales. This study aimed to understand how LULC affected hydrological connectivity in the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China, from 1985 to 2020. A framework from a landscape resistance perspective was used to evaluate the LULC's influence. LULCs were converted into a series of resistance surfaces whose values represent the degree to which LULC facilitated or restricted hydrological connectivity. The hydrological connectivity of coastal wetlands was based on the hydrological distance between key hydrological nodes in each tidal creek. LULC's influence was evaluated by parameterizing the resistance surfaces using observed hydrological connectivity. The results showed that most resistance surfaces are related to human activity (90.9%). The critical time of LULC's influence on hydrological connectivity was 1985‒1990 (offshore water with a resistance value of 1.000 and tidal flat, 0.922) and 2010‒2015 (mariculture, 0.915), and the critical areas were Zone II (tidal flat, 0.993), Zone VI (river, 0.739), and Zone I (grass, 0.728). This study provided a framework to identify and evaluate the influence of LULC on hydrological connectivity. It could guide the management of LULC in coastal areas to mitigate the adverse effects on hydrological connectivity. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Land use

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Loose Nanofiltration Membranes for Selective Rejection of Natural Organic Matter and Mineral Salts in Drinking Water Treatment

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Ting He, Zhi-Hai Wang, Kun-Peng Wang, Xiao-Mao Xie, Yue-Feng F. Hou, Li'an State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China Environmental Engineering Programs Pennsylvania State University Middletown PA17057 United States Xi’an High-Tech Institute Shaanxi Xi’an710025 China

Loose nanofiltration (LNF) is a promising technology for advanced treatment of drinking water, primarily owing to the potentially high rejection of natural organic matter (NOM) and high passage of mineral salts, along with the low operating pressure. This study was devoted to relating the performance with the properties of LNF membranes, and obtaining the membrane properties most suitable for drinking water treatment. Cluster analysis indicated that the commercially available LNF membranes would behave quite differently, mainly depending on the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). By using a treated natural water as the feed, a best-performing membrane had a mineral salts rejection lower than 30% and an NOM rejection higher than 70%, with the membrane water permeance at ~17 L/m 2 /h/bar. The LNF membranes with high mineral salts/NOM selectivity should have an MWCO of around 1000 Da, sufficiently uniform pore sizes, and high surface negative charge density. The rejection characteristics for mineral ions by LNF membranes were similar with the relatively dense conventional NF membranes, but with a lower rejection difference among the ions. The LNF membranes with an MWCO of ~1000 Da could satisfactorily remove (>80%) disinfection byproduct precursors, with small-sized protein-like and other substances remaining in the permeate water. This study helps to understand the rejection characteristics and mechanisms of LNF membranes, which will benefit the synthesis of high-performance LNF membranes for drinking water treatment and other applications. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofiltration

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Decarbonizing China’s energy system to support the Paris climate goals

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Science Bulletin 2022年第14期67卷 1406-1409页

作者： Xunzhang Pan Lining Wang Wenying Chen Yann Robiou du Pont Leon Clarke Lei Yang Hailin Wang Xi Lu Jiankun He School of Economics and Management China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Economics&Technology Research Institute China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100724China Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations Sciences PoParis 75007France Center for Global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlInstitute for Carbon Neutralityand Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier TechnologiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

As the largest emitter of greenhouse gas(GHG)now,China’s“long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies”(LTS)will be important to the success of the Paris climate goals to limit global warming to well below 2 or 1.5℃by the end of this *** September 2020,China surprised the international community by announcing carbon neutrality before 2060.

关键词：能源系统 greenhouse neutral

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One-Step Synthesis of Flower-Like Mgo/Carbon Materials for Efficient H2s Oxidation at Room Temperature

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Kunlin Chen, Xueyan Zhang, Jianghao Chen, Min Qin, Xiaoxiao Wang, Fei Li, Kai Fang, Jinhou Zhang, Changbin State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China Weifang Research Institute of Materials and Technology for Eco-Environmental Protection Shandong Weifang261300 China

Regenerable materials with abundant basic sites and sulfur storage space are highly desirable for the removal of H2S. In this work, we synthesized a flower-like MgO/Carbon material by one-step carbonization of magnesium gluconate and applied it for H2S oxidation at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the high content of MgO and super-hydrophilic surface of the MgO/Carbon materials provide abundant basic sites for the adsorption and dissociation of H2S. Moreover, carbon defects and a well‐developed pore structure offer active sites for the desulfurization reaction and large space for storage of sulfur products. Consequently, the MgO/Carbon materials exhibit excellent H2S oxidation performance, which is far superior to that of commercial activated carbon. In addition, the MgO/Carbon materials show extraordinary regeneration capacity and maintain their high performance even after 5 cycles of desulfurization /regeneration. Furthermore, mechanisms for the H2S oxidation process, deactivation and regeneration are proposed based on the experimental and characterization results. Considering the simple preparation process, excellent desulfurization and regeneration performance of as-prepared MgO/Carbon material, our findings provide a new strategy for the design of efficient desulfurizers. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Room temperature

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High-Performance Mgo-Cao/C for H2s Oxidation Prepared by a Facile Co-Pyrolysis of Magnesium Gluconate and Caco3

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Kunlin Chen, Xueyan Chen, Min Zhang, Jianghao Qin, Xiaoxiao Li, Kai Wang, Fei Fang, Jinhou Ning, Ping Zhang, Changbin State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650500 China Weifang Research Institute of Materials and Technology for Eco-Environmental Protection Shandong Weifang261300 China

A low-cost and facile approach to fabricate high-capacity desulfurizers has drawn much interest in the field of H2S removal. In this study, porous carbon materials with dual active components of MgO and CaO were synthesized by a facile co-pyrolysis of magnesium gluconate and CaCO3, and their performance on room temperature H2S oxidation was investigated. The H2S capacity of optimal CaO-MgO/C is 666.5 mg/gcat., more than 50 times that of MgO/C derived from pure magnesium gluconate. The characterization results indicate that compared to MgO/C, the CaO-MgO/C prepared by this co-pyrolysis strategy has a more developed pore structure and abundant basic sites. Consequently, the H2S adsorption and activation over as-prepared materials are promoted by the co-pyrolysis with CaCO3, and the storage space of oxidation products is also increased, resulting in an extraordinary enhancement in the H2S capacity. In addition, the desulfurization and deactivation mechanisms over the as-prepared CaO-MgO/C are illustrated. This work provides a novel and facile route of developing efficient materials for room temperature desulfurization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnesia

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Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in Soils of Greenhouse and Open-Field Cultivation Using Plastic Mulch Film

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Qi, Ruimin Tang, Yuanyuan Jones, Davey L. He, Wenqing Yan, Changrong School of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing100081 China Centre for Environmental Biotechnology United Kingdom Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China

There is a major knowledge gap concerning the extent of microplastic pollution in agronomic regions of China, which represent a plastic use hotspot. This study investigated the characteristics of microplastics distributed in agricultural soils of three typical regions (Beijing (BJ), Shandong (SD), and Xinjiang (XJ)) with two plastic film mulching modes (greenhouse (G) and conventional field-based film mulching (M)) in China. The average abundance of microplastic under G and M mode was 3.60×104 particles kg-1 and 3.01×104 particles kg-1, respectively;and the estimated weight of microplastics per kg of dry soils in BJ, SD, and XJ was 3.12 mg kg-1, 5.63 mg kg-1, and 7.99 mg kg-1, respectively. Microplastics in farmland were mainly of a small particle size (50 to 250 μm), with their abundance decreasing with increasing particle size. Among the microplastics detected, polyethylene and polypropylene were the two dominant types present, accounting for 50.0% and 19.7%, respectively. In addition, plastic film mulching mode (G vs. M) had a stronger effect on microplastic distribution than agronomic region. This research provides key data to support the development of guidelines for the sustainable use of agricultural plastic film and an assessment of the environmental risk of microplastics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

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Enhanced Resource Recovery from Wastewater Using Electrochemical-Osmotic System with Nanofiltration Membranes

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Chi Sun, Meng Wang, Xianze Zhang, Xuan Zhao, Yumeng Huo, Mingxin Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection Northeast Normal University Changchun130117 China Center for Water and Ecology State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150090 China

Mining diverse resources from electroplating wastewater are critical for maximizing wastewater economic value and minimizing adverse environmental impacts. We have demonstrated an autonomous electrochemical-osmotic system (EOS), which can simultaneously recover copper metals, water, and electric energy from wastewater. In this study, we enhanced water production, electricity generation, and metal recovery of the EOS using polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration (PMNF) membranes. Results suggested that the water/salt selectivity of the PMNF membrane increase to 25.1 L mol -1 with the increase of the number of the polyelectrolyte deposited layers to 6.0. The EOS assembled with a 1.5-layer PMNF membrane achieved a water production rate of 6.06 L m -2 h -1 and a maximum power density of 1.18 mW cm -2 by treating synthetic electroplating wastewater. Further, we clarified that the PMNF-EOS effectively inhibited the forward transport of various metal cations while also extracting freshwater, generating power, and recovering copper from electroplating wastewater. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Chronic Effects of Benzalkonium Chlorides on Short Chain Fatty Acids and Methane Production in Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yang, Chun-Xue He, Zhang-Wei Liu, Wen-Zong Wang, Ai-Jie Wang, Ling Liu, Jia Liu, Bao-Ling Ren, Nan-Qi Yu, Shao-Peng Guo, Ze-Chong Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research School of Geography and Tourism Harbin University Harbin China National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen China School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are one kind of emerging pollutants in wastewater and potentially enriched in waste activated sludge (WAS) because of its quick adsorption but slow degradation under anaerobic condition, which will impact acidogenesis and methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (AD). It is worthy to well understand the microbial response mechanism under chronic effects of BACs for resource recovery from WAS. This study investigated the AD (by-)products and microbial evolution under low to high BACs concentrations from bioreactor startup to steady running. It was found that BACs can lead to an increase of WAS hydrolysis and fermentation, but a disturbance to acidogenic bacteria also occurred at low BACs concentration, while a noticeable inhibition to methanogenesis occurred when BAC concentration was up to 15 mg/g TSS. The analysis of metabolic pathways showed that BACs shifted the metabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the improved the propionic acid (HPr) reduction process, while the relative abundance of Clostridium and Longilinea were increased. Furthermore, the functional species involved in methane metabolism had succeeded from aceticlastic methanogens to hydrogenotrophic methanogens, while the abundance of coding genes in converged stage was reduced by BACs, which finally led to a decline in methane production. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane

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