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keyhole morphology monitoring in laser welding using optical coherence tomography

Chinese Optics Letters 2025年第03期 50-56页

作者：谢冠明马炜鑫张跃强王三宏李由胡彪闫少华傅愉于起峰 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen University College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Sincevision Technology Co. Ltd. National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering China Astronaut Research and Training Center College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology

optical coherence tomography(OCT) offers a direct and precise measurement of keyhole depth in laser welding, facilitating its application for quality assurance and control. Nevertheless, in high-speed welding, the keyhole lags behind the processing beam, leading to a reduction in OCT measurement accuracy. In this paper, OCT is utilized to monitor keyhole morphology by employing a scanner to deflect the measuring beam and the keyhole lag is quantitatively analyzed. Bead-on-plate welds were conducted on stainless steel and aluminum alloys at varying welding speeds. Real-time OCT data collection was performed and reconstructed to generate keyhole morphology. The aluminum alloy exhibited fluctuating keyhole morphology and irregular seam surfaces. The determination of the keyhole lag was based on the longitudinal view of keyhole morphology. Results indicated a proportional increase in keyhole lag with welding speed, and this trend was consistent for both materials.

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Non-contact optical dynamic measurements at different ranges:a review

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第4期37卷 537-553,I0001页

作者： Yu Fu Yang Shang Wenxin Hu Bin Li Qifeng Yu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Measurement and Vision Navigation College of Aerospace Science and EngineeringNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

optical dynamic measurements are widely used for non-contact vibration,continuous deformation,or moving *** measurement techniques were developed for different deformation *** paper reviews three types of technique for different measurement ranges:interferometric techniques for deformation or vibration(nanometer to submillimeter amplitude)whose measurement accuracies rely on phase extraction of interferometric signal;imaging based techniques for deformation or vibration(micrometer to centimeter amplitude)with the aid of moire,structured light,and man-made speckles,whose sensitivities is from 1/100 to 1/10 pixel;and videometrics for large deformation or movement detection(greater than centimeter amplitude).Many research groups have improved measurement capabilities for these three techniques to meet particular industrial application requirements.

关键词： Vibration measurement Laser interferometry Digital image correlation High-speed imaging Videometrics

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keyhole morphology monitoring in laser welding using optical coherence tomography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2025年第3期23卷 031201-031201页

作者： Xie, Guanming Ma, Weixin Zhang, Yueqiang Wang, Sanhong Li, You Hu, Biao Yan, Shaohua Fu, Yu Yu, Qifeng Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Sincevision Technology Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518055 China National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering China Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing100094 China College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China

optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a direct and precise measurement of keyhole depth in laser welding, facilitating its application for quality assurance and control. Nevertheless, in high-speed welding, the keyhole lags behind the processing beam, leading to a reduction in OCT measurement accuracy. In this paper, OCT is utilized to monitor keyhole morphology by employing a scanner to deflect the measuring beam and the keyhole lag is quantitatively analyzed. Bead-on-plate welds were conducted on stainless steel and aluminum alloys at varying welding speeds. Real-time OCT data collection was performed and reconstructed to generate keyhole morphology. The aluminum alloy exhibited fluctuating keyhole morphology and irregular seam surfaces. The determination of the keyhole lag was based on the longitudinal view of keyhole morphology. Results indicated a proportional increase in keyhole lag with welding speed, and this trend was consistent for both materials. © 2025 Chinese Optics Letters.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Helicity inversion of the scattered twisted light field using pilot-assisted laser light and Stokes correlation

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Optics and Lasers in Engineering 2025年 193卷

作者： Sarkar, Tushar Chandra, Sourav Cai, Jiapeng Peng, Xiang He, Wenqi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Uttar Pradesh Varanasi221005 India Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method to directly invert the helicity of the twisted beam propagating through a scattering media. This is implemented by leveraging a pilot-assisted laser light and a special finding regarding the higher-order Stokes correlation. Here, the pilot-assisted strategy refers to coaxial light propagation through a scattering media in which one of the orthogonal polarization bases is encoded with the twisted beam while another polarization basis is free from it. Such a strategy eliminates the path-induced randomness in the higher-order Stokes correlation owing to the identical randomness presented in both orthogonal polarization bases, preserving the incident twisted beam. The recovery and inversion of the helicity are accomplished by measuring the higher-order Stokes correlation of the scattered light. A detailed theoretical framework is developed and supported by numerical simulation followed by experimental tests. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Angular momentum

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Dual-surface Li-ion battery deformation measurement by temporal electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Dual-surface Li-ion battery deformation measurement by tempo...

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2022 International Conference on optical and Photonic Engineering, icOPEN 2022

作者： Yang, Kunhan Sheng, Zhipeng Chen, Bing Li, Xiaoyu Fu, Yu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Avenue Shenzhen518060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510661905

The safety, performance, and lifetime of lithium-ion cells are critical for the acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs), but non-destructively evaluating cell quality issues is not easy. In recent studies, batterie's deformation measurement by optical methods is a promising candidate for detecting a possible local failure originating from mechanical and current inhomogeneities or potential gradients. However, the existing measurement techniques, such as laser scanning and digital image correlation, cannot achieve high-precision deformation measurement up to submicron. In this study, a temporal electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is proposed to acquire out-of-plane deformation of both surfaces of a commercial Li-ion polymer battery simultaneously. Various data processing techniques, such as the Fourier and windowed Fourier transform(WFT) methods, are applied in temporal and spatial domains to extract the out-of-displacement during the battery charging process. High-precision deformation of both surfaces can be obtained during the charging process. The result shows that temporal ESPI can be a helpful tool to offer high-precision data for optimizing the Li-ion batteries model. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Modal shapes measurements of a rotating disc using stroboscopic 3D digital image correlation and down-sampling strategy

Modal shapes measurements of a rotating disc using strobosco...

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2022 International Conference on optical and Photonic Engineering, icOPEN 2022

作者： Lin, Ruixin Sheng, Zhipeng Chen, Bing Gao, Zeren Fu, Yu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Avenue Shenzhen518060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510661905

Rotating machinery plays an essential role in aerospace, energy, automotive, and other industries. A resonance phenomenon will occur if the rotational speed of the structure is close to its critical speed. Experimental analysis of the modal shapes of a rotating component at critical speeds can improve its design and performance in applications. Full-field deformation measurements of a rotating structure can be realized by three-dimension digital image correlation(3DDIC) based on high-speed cameras. However, high-speed cameras are too expensive to apply widely. This study presents a method using 3D-DIC and a down-sampling strategy, which only uses low-cost normal-speed cameras. In order to ensure that two low-speed cameras can synchronously capture images clearly, a synchronous stroboscopic device is used. A measurement experiment was executed on a rotating disc at a critical speed to verify the availability of the method. The experiments show that the out-of-plane displacement of a rotating disc at different critical speeds corresponds to the various orders of modal shape. Compared with the non-resonance state, the out-of-plane deformation of the rotating disc was significant. The results also show the proposed method is a low-cost, non-contact experimental tool to study the dynamic behavior of a rotating component. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Image correlation

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Efficient and scalable solar energy harvesting for thermoelectric generation: a 3D construction of robust and anti-fouling graphene 10

Efficient and scalable solar energy harvesting for thermoele...

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10th International Conference on Energy Materials and Electrical Engineering, ICEMEE 2024

作者： Wu, Jiaohao Wang, Shifeng Zhong, Hong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen University Shenzhen518000 China Innovation Laboratory of Materials for Energy and Environment Technologies College of Science Tibet University Lhasa850000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686243

As a sustainable manner of energy exploitation, direct solar harvesting for thermal-electric generation based on photothermal conversion is promising but still challenging with the development of highly efficient, scalable, and structure durable photothermal materials. Firstly, we introduce a soft and facile technology for porous graphene fabrication via laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) process. This photothermal material with unique structure has large surface areas for solar absorption. Furtherly, the resultant photothermal graphene promoted thermoelectric generator has been obtained and shows an outstanding combination of strong solar irradiation absorption (more than 97%), excellent photothermal conversion ability, and extraordinary anti-fouling performance (a large water contact angle of more than 150 ° and small water sliding angle of lower than 5 °). A high output voltage of 144 mV could also be obtained under one sun illumination (Model number of thermoelectric generators is TEC1-12710). And the highest output power of 222.1 μW cm-2 could also be calculated under one sun illumination. A robust and durable photothermal-electric generator in real-environmental is demonstrated, which shows a great potential of the photothermal materials applied in highly solar energy harvesting. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Measuring the OAM spectrum of a fractional helical beam in a single shot

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Photonics Research 2024年第11期12卷 2726-2732页

作者： TUSHAR SARKAR JIAPENG CAI XIANG PENG WENQI HE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new technique,to our knowledge,to precisely measure the orbital angular momentum(OAM)spectrum of the fractional helical beam in a single *** is realized using a singlepath interferometer scheme combined with space division multiplexing and polarization *** a combination enables the single-shot recording of multiple phase-shifted interferograms,which leads to extracting the phase profile of the incident fractional helical ***,by adopting an orthogonal projection method,this measured phase is utilized to evaluate the corresponding OAM *** test the efficacy,a set of simulations and experiments for different fractional helical beams is *** proposed method shows enormous potential to characterize the OAM spectrum in real time.

关键词： OAM interferometer polarization

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New speckle pattern interferometry for precise in situ deformation measurements

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第1期22卷 34-40页

作者：章如月 Yu Fu 缪泓 CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

A new electronic speckle pattern interferometry method is proposed to realize in situ deformation *** feature of the method is the combination of a high-speed camera and multiple laser Doppler vibrometers(LDVs)for synchronous *** high-speed camera is used to record and select effective interferograms,while the LDVs are used to measure the rigid body displacement caused by vibrations.A series of effective interferograms with known shifted phase values are obtained to calculate the deformation *** experimental results show that the method performs well in measuring static and dynamic deformations with high accuracy in vibrating environments.

关键词： speckle pattern interferometry laser Doppler vibrometers in situ deformation measurements

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A novel videogrammetry-based full-field dynamic deformation monitoring method for variable-sweep wings

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 120-132页

作者： Liqiang Gao Yan Liu Bin Jiang Zhendong Ge Haoyang Li Xiang Guo Tao Suo Qifeng Yu School of Civil Aviation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Engineering Application Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Institute of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China

The measurement of wing dynamic deformation in morphing aircraft is crucial for achieving closed-loop control and evaluating structural *** variable-sweep wings with active large deformation,this paper proposes a novel videogrammetric method for full-field dynamic deformation measurement.A stereo matching method based on epipolar geometry constraint and topological constraint is presented to find the corresponding targets between stereo *** addition,a new method based on affine transformation combined with adjacent closest point matching is developed,aiming to achieve fast and automatic tracking of targets in time-series images with large deformation.A calculation model for dynamic deformation parameters is established to obtain the displacement,sweep variable angle,and span *** verify the proposed method,a dynamic deformation measurement experiment is conducted on a variable-sweep wing *** results indicate that the actual accuracy of the proposed method is approximately 0.02%of the measured area(e.g.,0.32 mm in a 1.6 m scale).During one morphing course,the sweep variable angle,the span variation and the displacement increase gradually,and then *** maximum sweep variable angle is 36.6°,and the span variation is up to 101.13 *** overall configuration of the wing surface is effectively reconstructed under different morphing states.

关键词： Morphing aircraft Variable-sweep wing Videogrammetry Large dynamic deformation Target matching and tracking

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