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Automatic emotion recognition using deep neural network

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sujatha, R. Chatterjee, Jyotir Moy Pathy, Baibhav Hu, Yu-Chen School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of CSE Graphic Era University Dehradun India School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science Tunghai University Taichung City Taiwan

Emotions are a vital semantic part of human correspondence. Emotions are significant for human correspondence as well as basic for human–computer cooperation. Viable correspondence between people is possibly achieved when both the importance and the emotion of the correspondence are perceived by all groups included. Understanding the significance of language has generally been concentrated on in natural language processing (NLP) as a semantic examination. In NLP, the text can be handled appropriately for classification. Emotion detection from facial emotion is the subfield of social signal processing applied in a wide assortment of regions, explicitly for human and PC collaboration. Many researchers have proposed various approaches, generally utilizing machine learning concepts. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) is significant for working with consistent intuitiveness between a person and a smart device toward fully acknowledging an intelligent society. Many researchers examined cross-lingual and multilingual speech emotion as a stage toward language-free emotion acknowledgment in natural speech. In the present work, we are proposing a deep learning-based AER system using four openly accessible datasets, namely Basic Arabic Vocal Emotions Dataset (BAVED), Acted Emotional Speech Dynamic Database (AESDD), Urdu written in Latin/Roman Script (URDU), and Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS), by utilizing the Jupyter notebook and a Python library for music and audio synthesis named Librosa. The experimental results exhibited that the proposed approach achieves better than the existing approaches, i.e., the accuracy of the proposed system with the URDU dataset is 96.24%, the TESS dataset is 99.10%, the AESDD dataset is 65.97%, and the BAVED dataset is 73.12%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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Optimized Neural Network for Automated Cardiovascular Disease Classification: Meta-heuristic Enabled Model

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SN computer science 2025年第1期6卷 1-14页

作者： Kusuma, S. Jothi, K.R. Department of Computer Science & Engineering (Data Science) Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Cardiovascular disease remains a major issue for mortality and morbidity, making accurate classification crucial. This paper introduces a novel heart disease classification model utilizing Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The model consists of two main steps: feature extraction using a refined Lion Algorithm with New Mutated evaluation (LA-NM) and classification through an ensemble approach combined with a Neural Network (NN). The proposed model significantly outperforms traditional classifiers. At 80% training data, it achieves accuracy improvements of 8.4% to 3.11% over Neural Network (NN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and ensemble models. At 90% training data, it shows precision improvements ranging from 1.03% to 0.31% better than the comparison models and specificity improvements ranging from 13.92% to 0.52%. These results underscore the effectiveness of the model and suggest its potential for further development in personalized treatment recommendations based on patient history. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Ensemble models Feature extraction Heart disease classification Neural network Optimization

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Transforming the electrical grid: the role of AI in advancing smart, sustainable, and secure energy systems

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Energy Informatics 2025年第1期8卷 1-43页

作者： Rajaperumal, T.A. Columbus, C. Christopher School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The evolution of the electrical grid from its early centralized structure to today’s advanced "smart grid" reflects significant technological progress. Early grids, designed for simple power delivery from large plants to consumers, faced challenges in efficiency, reliability, and scalability. Over time, the grid has transformed into a decentralized network driven by innovative technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI). AI has become instrumental in enhancing efficiency, security, and resilience by enabling real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, demand-response optimization, and automated fault detection, thereby improving overall operational efficiency. This paper examines the evolution of the electrical grid, tracing its transition from early limitations to the methodologies adopted in present smart grids for addressing those challenges. Current smart grids leverage AI to optimize energy management, predict faults, and seamlessly integrate electric vehicles (EVs), reducing transmission losses and improving performance. However, these advancements are not without limitations. Present grids remain vulnerable to cyberattacks, necessitating the adoption of more robust methodologies and advanced technologies for future grids. Looking forward, emerging technologies such as Digital Twin (DT) models, the Internet of Energy (IoE), and decentralized grid management are set to redefine grid architectures. These advanced technologies enable real-time simulations, adaptive control, and enhanced human–machine collaboration, supporting dynamic energy distribution and proactive risk management. Integrating AI with advanced energy storage, renewable resources, and adaptive access control mechanisms will ensure future grids are resilient, sustainable, and responsive to growing energy demands. This study emphasizes AI’s transformative role in addressing the challenges of the early grid, enhancing the capabilities of the present smart grid, and shaping a secure

关键词： Risk management

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Imbalanced multilabel retinal disease classification using threshold moving and ensemble learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Pendharkar, Gaurav Balaji, Sudharshanan Kumar, B. Muhesh Malathi, G. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600127 India

Billions of people worldwide are affected by vision impairment majorly caused due to age-related degradation and refractive errors. Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) and Macular Hole(MH) are among the most prevalent senescent retinal diseases. Machine Intelligence can assist ophthalmologists and clinicians in fast and accurate disease diagnosis by identifying patterns in disease progression for a better healthcare system. In this paper, the Retinal Fundus Multi-disease Image Dataset (RFMiD) is used to design a machine intelligence system with two chief components namely a disease risk classifier, and a multi-label classifier. The disease risk classifier predicts whether the retinal fundus image is infected or not. Based on the prediction of the disease risk classifier, a multi-label classifier can be applied to obtain probabilities for the susceptibility to DR and MH. Finally, an ensemble is employed with the best of 3 models for each classifier. The disease riskpredictor attained a peak F1-score of 88%, while the multi-label classifier achieved an Area Under the Curve(AUC) score of 86%. However, the individual binary classifiers for DR and MH reached maximum F-scores of 91% and 93%, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Risk perception

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Brain tumor segmentation and classification using transfer learning based CNN model with model agnostic concept interpretation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第5期84卷 2509-2538页

作者： Nancy, A. Maria Maheswari, R. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai632014 India

In recent decades, brain tumors have been regarded as a severe illness that causes significant damage to the health of the individual, and finally it results to death. Hence, the Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification (BTSC) has gained more attention among researcher communities. BTSC is the process of finding brain tumor tissues and classifying the tissues based on the tumor types. Manual tumor segmentation from is prone to error and a time-consuming task. A precise and fast BTSC model is developed in this manuscript based on a transfer learning-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model. The utilization of a variant of CNN is because of its superiority in distinct tasks. In the initial phase, the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain images are acquired from the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) 2019, 2020 and 2021 databases. Then the image augmentation is performed on the gathered images by using zoom-in, rotation, zoom-out, flipping, scaling, and shifting methods that effectively reduce overfitting issues in the classification model. The augmented images are segmented using the layers of the Visual-Geometry-Group (VGG-19) model. Then feature extraction using An Attribute Aware Attention (AWA) methodology is carried out on the segmented images following the segmentation block in the VGG-19 model. The crucial features are then selected using the attribute category reciprocal attention phase. These features are inputted to the Model Agnostic Concept Extractor (MACE) to generate the relevance score between the features for assisting in the final classification process. The obtained relevance scores from the MACE are provided to the max-pooling layer of the VGG-19 model. Then, the final classified output is obtained from the modified VGG-19 architecture. The implemented Relevance score with the AWA-based VGG-19 model is used to classify the tumor as the whole tumor, enhanced tumor, and tumor core. In the classification section, the proposed

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Automatic summarization of cooking videos using transfer learning and transformer-based models

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期5卷 1-20页

作者： Sadique, P. M. Alen Aswiga, R.V. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600127 India

The proliferation of cooking videos on the internet these days necessitates the conversion of these lengthy video contents into concise text recipes. Many online platforms now have a large number of cooking videos, in which, there is a challenge for viewers to extract comprehensive recipes from lengthy visual content. Effective summary is necessary in order to translate the abundance of culinary knowledge found in videos into text recipes that are easy to read and follow. This will make the cooking process easier for individuals who are searching for precise step by step cooking instructions. Such a system satisfies the needs of a broad spectrum of learners while also improving accessibility and user simplicity. As there is a growing need for easy-to-follow recipes made from cooking videos, researchers are looking on the process of automated summarization using advanced techniques. One such approach is presented in our work, which combines simple image-based models, audio processing, and GPT-based models to create a system that makes it easier to turn long culinary videos into in-depth recipe texts. A systematic workflow is adopted in order to achieve the objective. Initially, Focus is given for frame summary generation which employs a combination of two convolutional neural networks and a GPT-based model. A pre-trained CNN model called Inception-V3 is fine-tuned with food image dataset for dish recognition and another custom-made CNN is built with ingredient images for ingredient recognition. Then a GPT based model is used to combine the results produced by the two CNN models which will give us the frame summary in the desired format. Subsequently, Audio summary generation is tackled by performing Speech-to-text functionality in python. A GPT-based model is then used to generate a summary of the resulting textual representation of audio in our desired format. Finally, to refine the summaries obtained from visual and auditory content, Another GPT-based model is used

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Lumbar Spine Degenerative Classification

Lumbar Spine Degenerative Classification

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2025 International Conference on Computing for Sustainability and Intelligent Future, COMP-SIF 2025

作者： Sudha, S. Adharsh Narayana, S. Yadhveer, R.M. Rajasekaran, Rithesh School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (数字)9798331538538

ISBN: (纸本)9798331538538

In the year 2020, the World Health Organization reported that lower back pain constituted the primary cause of disability on a global scale, impacting 619 million individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a comprehensive perspective of the lumbar spine, encompassing vertebrae, discs, and nerves, thereby allowing radiologists to evaluate both the presence and severity of these conditions. This paper classifies five degenerative conditions regarding the lumbar spine, which are the following: Left Neural Foraminal Narrowing, Right Neural Foraminal Narrowing, Left Subarticular Stenosis, Right Subarticular Stenosis, and Spinal Canal Stenosis. Each study from the imaging dataset is represented by severity scores categorized as either Normal/Mild, Moderate, or Severe, and every one of these five conditions are classified over the five intervertebral disc levels: L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4, L4/L5, and L5/S1. We will use DenseNet, a convolutional neural network architecture known for its effectiveness in feature propagation and optimization of parameters, to overcome this classification challenge. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Prognostic Survival Analysis for AD Diagnosis and Progression Using MRI Data: An AI-Based Approach

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89059-89078页

作者： Deenadayalan, T. Shantharajah, S.P. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore India

Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, marked by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Despite advancements in medical imaging and Artificial Intelligence (AI), early detection and accurate prognostic modeling remain challenging, particularly in distinguishing overlapping disease stages. This study proposes a novel AI framework combining EfficientNetB0, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, with dual attention mechanisms for robust feature extraction and survival analysis using the Alzheimer’s MRI dataset hosted on the Kaggle platform. The model was trained and evaluated on a balanced dataset of 6,400 MRI images, classified into 4 AD stages: Non-Demented (NoD), very Mild-Demented (vMiD), Mild-Demented (MiD), and Moderate-Demented (MoD). The pre-processing steps, including resizing, normalization, and data augmentation, ensured robustness and generalizability. The framework achieved classification accuracies of 99. 93% (training), 93. 60% (validation) and 93. 59% (testing), with a perfect Concordance Index of 1.0 for survival predictions, demonstrating its ability to accurately rank survival times. By integrating survival analysis with deep learning, the framework addresses limitations in previous work, such as reliance on linear assumptions and limited classification capabilities, and provides actionable insights for clinical workflows, supporting personalized treatment and early intervention strategies. Future work will focus on integrating longitudinal data, exploring time-dependent co-variates, and enhancing explainability to promote adoption in diverse clinical settings. This approach represents a significant advancement in AI-driven diagnosis and progression modeling of AD, with the potential to transform patient care and outcomes. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Federated Synergy: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Learning for Sustainable Edge Computing in IIoT

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 68311-68322页

作者： Benila, S. Devi, K. Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus School of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu 600127 India

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) presents significant challenges in task offloading, resource allocation, and energy efficiency, necessitating intelligent, scalable, and adaptive solutions. This paper introduces the Hierarchical Multi-Agent Federated Actor-Critic (HMAFAC) algorithm. This novel approach integrates hierarchical reinforcement learning with multi-agent federated learning to enhance decision-making in dynamic edge computing environments. It employs multi-agent reinforcement learning to optimize resource allocation and task offloading by leveraging local Actor-Critic models on IoT edge devices. A Deep Q-Network (DQN) agent manages task offloading decisions based on real-time system states, ensuring efficient task execution. To maintain data privacy and reduce communication overhead, federated learning aggregates model updates at the edge server, eliminating the need for raw data exchange. Additionally, a hierarchical framework enables adaptive scheduling, allowing flexible computational scaling from edge to cloud servers based on task complexity and network conditions. By effectively reducing latency and energy consumption, enhancing system adaptability, and maintaining computational efficiency, HMAFAC overcomes key limitations of existing IIoT frameworks. Simulation results validate its superior performance compared to baseline methods regarding resource utilization, energy conservation, and model convergence. These findings establish HMAFAC as a robust and scalable framework for optimizing IIoT applications in distributed and resource-constrained environments. Future work will further explore advanced federated learning techniques, enhanced privacy mechanisms, and real-world deployment in industrial systems to improve efficiency and scalability. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Sign Language Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network Based on VGG-16 Deep Learning Approach 5th

Sign Language Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network...

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5th International Conference on Advances in Information Communication technology and Computing, AICTC 2024

作者： Athish, M.J. Sowmya, S. Lakshaya, E. Preetha, S. Rishiya Shankar, S.U. Sendhil Kumar, K.S. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819761050

Communication is a significant part of our lives, as it facilitates interaction among individuals. Language serves as a mode of communication for all individuals for expressing their thoughts and interpretations. However, hearing-impaired individuals often face hurdles in using spoken language. The technology for recognizing sign language made a commendable effort to improve communication levels among hearing-impaired individuals. In the current era of deep learning, which is a subset of machine learning, Convolutional Neural Network models have been developed and are now in use for gesture recognition. This recognition is based on the CNN model and VGG-16 model. It is used to hone the temporal features. The dataset used here is American Sign Language Dataset (A–Z and 0–9). The focus of this work is to develop a sign language recognition system to fulfill the need for communication of impaired people in society. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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