Bringing much new functionality, MPEG-4 offers numerous capabilities and is expected to be the future standard for multimedia applications. In this paper a novel authoring tool fully exploiting the 3D functionalities ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780366859
Bringing much new functionality, MPEG-4 offers numerous capabilities and is expected to be the future standard for multimedia applications. In this paper a novel authoring tool fully exploiting the 3D functionalities of the MPEG-4 standard is described. It is based upon an open and modular architecture able to progress with MPEG-4 versions and it is easily adaptable to newly emerging better and higher-level authoring features.
The article describes some of the security issues in streaming video over the Internet. If high quality video sequences are to be delivered to computers and digital television systems over the Internet in our "di...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769510620
The article describes some of the security issues in streaming video over the Internet. If high quality video sequences are to be delivered to computers and digital television systems over the Internet in our "digital future", this material must be protected.
In this paper, we present a hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to hyperspectral image classification. HMMs have been widely used in speech recognition to model a doubly stochastic process with a hidden state process t...
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In this paper, we present a hidden Markov model (HMM) approach to hyperspectral image classification. HMMs have been widely used in speech recognition to model a doubly stochastic process with a hidden state process that can be only observed through a sequence of observations. Since the temporal variability of a speech signal is similar to the spectral variability of a remotely sensed image pixel vector, the same idea can be applied to hyperspectral image classification. It makes use of a hidden Markov process to characterize the spectral correlation and band-to-band variability where the model parameters are determined by the spectra of the pixel vectors that form the observation sequences. Experiments demonstrate that the HMM can better describe the unobserved spectral properties so as to improve classification performance.
Most spectral unmixing techniques require complete a priori knowledge of spectral endmembers in an image scene to be implemented. This knowledge is usually obtained from a complete hyperspectral image scene in either ...
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Most spectral unmixing techniques require complete a priori knowledge of spectral endmembers in an image scene to be implemented. This knowledge is usually obtained from a complete hyperspectral image scene in either a supervised or unsupervised fashion, which prohibits real-time implementation. In this paper, we present a unique constrained spectral unmixing technique, which develops this knowledge in real-time on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Experiments using HYDICE data were conducted to demonstrate this proposed real-time approach for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery. Small modifications to the real-time algorithm were made in the experimental section to alleviate practical problems associated with a true pixel-by-pixel implementation.
Target detection does not necessarily yield target classification since the detected targets may belong to different classes and cannot be differentiated one from another by target detection. This often occurs when no...
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Target detection does not necessarily yield target classification since the detected targets may belong to different classes and cannot be differentiated one from another by target detection. This often occurs when no prior target knowledge is available. In order to resolve this dilemma, four measures are proposed for target discrimination in this paper, two of which are designed based on the Bhattacharyya distance and the other two are derived from the concept of the matched filter. They will be used to cluster the detected anomalies into different types of targets in an unsupervised manner. These four target discrimination measures take advantage of the second-order statistics of the image data to account for sample spectral correlation. Consequently, they all outperform the commonly used single-pixel based similarity measures, such as spectral angle mapper (SAM), Euclidean distance. An experiment-based quantitative study is conducted for their performance evaluation. Interestingly, all these four measures perform very similarly.
Error diffusion halftoning is a popular method of producing frequency modulated (FM) halftones. In FM halftoning the dot size and shape is fixed (equal to one pixel) and the dot frequency is varied in accordance to th...
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Error diffusion halftoning is a popular method of producing frequency modulated (FM) halftones. In FM halftoning the dot size and shape is fixed (equal to one pixel) and the dot frequency is varied in accordance to the graylevel values of the underlying grayscale image. We generalize error diffusion to produce FM halftones with user controlled dot size and shape using block quantization and a block filter in the feedback loop. We call this modified quantization and feedback process block error diffusion. The block filters are designed from well known scalar error filter prototypes and retain their properties. Further, we show that choosing a structured block filter results in an efficient parallel implementation of block error diffusion.
We optimize the noise shaping behavior of color error diffusion by designing an optimized error filter based on a proposed noise shaping model for color error diffusion and a generalized linear spatially-invariant mod...
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We optimize the noise shaping behavior of color error diffusion by designing an optimized error filter based on a proposed noise shaping model for color error diffusion and a generalized linear spatially-invariant model of the human visual system. Our approach allows the error filter to have matrix-valued coefficients and diffuse quantization error across channels in an opponent color representation. Thus, the noise is shaped into frequency regions of reduced human color sensitivity. To obtain the optimal filter, we derive a matrix version of the Yule-Walker equations which we solve by using a gradient descent algorithm.
This paper presents a method of blind source separation that jointly exploits the nonstationarity and temporal structure of sources. The method needs only multiple time-delayed correlation matrices of the observation ...
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This paper presents a method of blind source separation that jointly exploits the nonstationarity and temporal structure of sources. The method needs only multiple time-delayed correlation matrices of the observation data, each of which is evaluated at a different time-windowed data frame, to estimate the demixing matrix. We show that the method is quite robust with respect to the spatially correlated but temporally white noise. We also discuss the extension of some existing second-order blind source separation methods. Extensive numerical experiments confirm the validity of the proposed method.
New algorithms for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectra along different directions are derived and implemented. For computing the DFT spectrum along any given direction (containing N DFT frequencies)...
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New algorithms for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectra along different directions are derived and implemented. For computing the DFT spectrum along any given direction (containing N DFT frequencies), a new algorithm is presented that requires N(N-1) additions and a single 1-D FFT. As expected, for a single direction, the directional FFT algorithm is significantly faster than standard 2-D FFT algorithms that compute the entire spectrum (all results are compared against FFTW and FFTPACK). A scalable extension of the unidirectional algorithm for computing the entire DFT spectrum is also derived and implemented. The three most promising features of the new algorithm are that: (i) computation scales nearly linearly with the number of DFT frequencies computed, (ii) the algorithm uses a reduced number of multiplications (yet uses more additions), and (iii) it is more accurate.
Thepaper proposes a novel method for content-based search in a database of VRML 3D models. The proposed technique is based on a querying-by-3D-model approach. A set of shape-based descriptors are extracted from the re...
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Thepaper proposes a novel method for content-based search in a database of VRML 3D models. The proposed technique is based on a querying-by-3D-model approach. A set of shape-based descriptors are extracted from the reference 3D model and compared to the corresponding descriptors of the VRML models contained in the database. The descriptors used vary from simple geometric measurements such as the aspect ratio or a binary 3D shape mask to more complex and sophisticated shape-based criteria such as the edge paths of each 3D model. Similarity measures are then introduced for the specific descriptors and introduced into a 3D model-matching algorithm. Experimental results are presented, evaluating the performance of the proposed method.
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