The authors propose an information theoretic criterion, called spectral information divergence (SID) for spectral similarity and discriminability. It is derived from the concept of divergence arising in information th...
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The authors propose an information theoretic criterion, called spectral information divergence (SID) for spectral similarity and discriminability. It is derived from the concept of divergence arising in information theory and can be used to describe the statistics of a spectrum. Unlike spectral angle mapper (SAM) which extracts geometric features between two spectra, SID views each pixel spectrum as a random variable and then measures the discrepancy of probabilistic behaviors between two spectra. In order to evaluate SID, SAM is used for comparison via hyperspectral data. Experimental results show that SID can characterise spectral similarity and variability more effectively than SAM.
The transfer function of these filters is a parallel connection of several branches with transfer functions of the form G/sub l/(z/sup L/)F/sub l/(z), where the length of each F/sub l/(z) is L. It is shown that by pro...
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The transfer function of these filters is a parallel connection of several branches with transfer functions of the form G/sub l/(z/sup L/)F/sub l/(z), where the length of each F/sub l/(z) is L. It is shown that by properly selecting the F/sub l/(z)'s the overall impulse response can be divided into several blocks of L samples in such a manner that in each block the impulse response is a polynomial of a given degree. The degree is one less than the number of branches, whereas the overall length of the impulse response is N=ML, where M is the length of the G/sub l/(z)'s. Efficient implementation forms are proposed for the overall filter. Examples are included illustrating the efficiency of the proposed approach in implementing narrow-band linear-phase FIR filters.
A new application for RBF neural networks in nonlinear mixed pixel classification for hyperspectral imaging is presented. It is a three-layer neural network with the input layer specified by spectral signatures of a m...
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A new application for RBF neural networks in nonlinear mixed pixel classification for hyperspectral imaging is presented. It is a three-layer neural network with the input layer specified by spectral signatures of a mixed pixel vector, the hidden layer used for nonlinear mixing functions and the output layer used to produce classification results of the mixed pixel vector. A noise estimation method in conjunction with noise subspace projection is developed to reliably estimate the member of mixing materials plus interference signatures that can be used as the number of hidden nodes as well as the member of input nodes. The least-mean-square learning algorithm is applied to adjust parameters used in the hidden layer and weights of the output layers adaptively and simultaneously so as to achieve best possible performance. The performance is evaluated through a series of experiments via AVIRIS data. A comparative analysis is also conducted among various methods.
We present a novel method for designing polynomial FIR predictors for fixed-point environments. Our method yields filters that perform exact prediction of polynomial signals even with short coefficient word lengths. U...
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We present a novel method for designing polynomial FIR predictors for fixed-point environments. Our method yields filters that perform exact prediction of polynomial signals even with short coefficient word lengths. Under ordinary coefficient truncation or rounding, the prediction capability degrades, or may be totally lost. With the proposed method, the filters are designed so that the predictive properties are exactly preserved in fixed-point implementations. The proposed filter design method is based on integer programming (IP) and can be directly applied to any fixed-point FIR design specifications which can be formulated in a form of linear constraints on the filter coefficients.
This paper describes a 3D model-based unsupervised procedure for the segmentation of multiview image sequences using multiple sources of information. The articulation procedure is based on the homogeneity of parameter...
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This paper describes a 3D model-based unsupervised procedure for the segmentation of multiview image sequences using multiple sources of information. The articulation procedure is based on the homogeneity of parameters, such as rigid 3D motion, color and depth, estimated for each sub-object, which consists of a number of interconnected triangles of the 3D model. The rigid 3D motion of each sub-object for subsequent frames is estimated using a Kalman filtering algorithm taking into account the temporal correlation between consecutive frames. Information from all cameras is combined during the formation of the equations for the rigid 3D motion parameters. The parameter estimation for each sub-object and the 3D model segmentation procedures are interleaved and repeated iteratively until a satisfactory object segmentation emerges. The performance of the resulting segmentation method is evaluated experimentally.
In this paper a procedure for visualisation of videocon- ference image sequences using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 2.0 is described. First, image sequence analysis is performed in order to estimate the sh...
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In this paper a procedure for visualisation of videocon- ference image sequences using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 2.0 is described. First, image sequence analysis is performed in order to estimate the shape and motion parameters of the person talking in front of the camera. For this purpose, we propose the K-Means with connectivity constraint algorithm as a general segmentation algorithm combining information of various types such as colour and motion. The algo-rithm is applied "hierarchically" in the image sequence and it is first used to separate the background from the foreground object and then to further segment the foreground object into the head and shoulders regions. Based on the above information, the 3D shape parameters are estimated for each sequence and a 3D model is automatically adapted. The rigid 3D motion is estimated next for each sub-object. Finally a VRML file is created containing all the above estimated information and can be viewed using any VRML 2.0 compliant browser.
In this paper a method is presented for copyright protection in digital images. Copyright protection is achieved by embedding an invisible signal, known as digital signature or watermark, in the digital image. The met...
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In this paper a method is presented for copyright protection in digital images. Copyright protection is achieved by embedding an invisible signal, known as digital signature or watermark, in the digital image. The method proposed in this paper casts the signature in the frequency domain by slightly modifying the values of randomly selected DC coefficients of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) of the image. The same method is applied also on the Subband or Wavelet Transform coefficients. An adaptive method is proposed also based on perceptual criteria that guarantees the invisibility of the watermark and avoids the deterioration of the image. Signature detection is done via hypothesis testing, without to use any information from the original image. The watermarks embedded by the proposed method are very resistant to JPEG and other frequently used compression. Experimental results using real image data verify the effectiveness of the method.
A rate-distortion framework is used to define a verv low bit rate coding scheme based on wireframe model adaptation and optimized selection of motion estima tors. This technique achieves maximum reconstructed image qu...
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A rate-distortion framework is used to define a verv low bit rate coding scheme based on wireframe model adaptation and optimized selection of motion estima tors. This technique achieves maximum reconstructed image quality under the constraint ot a target bit rate for the coding of the motion vector field, the wireframe representation information and the prediction error. Ex-perimental results illustrating the performance of the proposed techniques in very low bit rate image sequence coding application areas are presented and evaluated.
In this paper a procedure for visualisation of videoconference image sequences using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 2.0 is described. First image sequence analysis is performed in order to estimate the shape...
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This paper explores the use of alternative estimates arising from the feasibility set of an optimal bounded ellipsoid (OBE) algorithm. The central estimator is interpretable as a least squares result, but all others i...
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