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International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC)

作者： S.M. Guo Y.A. Pan Y.C. Liao C.Y. Hsu J.S.H. Tsai C.I. Chang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Engineering Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Republic of China Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) Baltimore MD U.S.A. National Cheng Kung University Tainan TW Department of Electrical Engineering National Engineering Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Republic of China Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore MD USA

Automatic recognition of facial expressions has received considerable interest in the computer vision. This paper presents a key frame selection-based system for recognition of four basic facial expressions: happiness, anger, sadness and surprise, in image sequences. The proposed new approach is designed for recognition of facial expressions via a key frame selection of the facial motion from an image sequence where an optical flow is used to determine changes in a facial expression, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed automatic recognition process significantly improves the computational complexity encountered in facial expression recognition while enhancing the ability of recognition

关键词： Face recognition Face detection Image recognition Image sequences Feature extraction Facial features computer science Remote sensing signal processing Image processing

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Adaptive Arrays for Broadband Communications in the Presence of Co-Channel Interference

Adaptive Arrays for Broadband Communications in the Presence...

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & computers

作者： Xiayu Zheng Petre Stoica Jian Li Renbiao Wu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Department of Information Technology University of Uppsala Uppsala Sweden Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China

We present an adaptive detection (AD) for broadband communication in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI). In the case of imperfect channel estimation, a robust AD (RAD) is proposed to maintain the good performance. We also show that both AD and RAD can be further improved by using an iterative scheme, referred to as iterative AD (IAD) and iterative RAD (IRAD), respectively. Numerical examples show that all the proposed methods outperform the conventional maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) significantly, and that they are also computationally more efficient.

关键词： Adaptive arrays Broadband communication Interchannel interference Radiofrequency interference Maximum likelihood estimation Robustness signal processing algorithms Viterbi algorithm Array signal processing Information technology

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Automatic Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms

Automatic Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Hierarchical C...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： K. Jarrah S. Krishnan Ling Guan Multimedia Research Laboratory (RML) and Signal Analysis Research Group (SAR) Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada Canada Research Chair Multimedia Research Laboratory (RML) Toronto Canada

The overall objective of this paper is to present a methodology for guiding adaptations of an RBF based relevance feedback network, embedded in automatic content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems, through the principle of unsupervised hierarchical clustering. The self organizing tree map (SOTM) is essentially attractive for our approach since it not only extracts global intuition from an input pattern space but also injects some degree of localization into the discriminative process such that maximal discrimination becomes a priority at any given resolution. The main focus of this paper is two-fold: introducing a new member of SOTM family, the Directed SOTM (DSOTM) that not only provides a partial supervision on duster generation by forcing divisions away from the query class, but also presents a flexible verdict on resemblance of the input pattern as its tree structure grows; and modifying the current structure of the normalised graph cuts (Ncut) process by enabling the algorithm to determine appropriate number of clusters within an unknown dataset prior to its recursive clustering scheme through the principle of self-organizing normalized graph cuts (SONcut). Comprehensive comparisons with the Self-Organizing feature Map (SOFM), SOTM, and Ncut algorithms demonstrate feasibility of the proposed methods.

关键词： Image retrieval Content based retrieval Clustering algorithms Iterative algorithms Humans Focusing DC generators Tree data structures Feedback Shape

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3D ROC Analysis for Medical Imaging Diagnosis

3D ROC Analysis for Medical Imaging Diagnosis

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Su Wang C.-I. Chang Sheng-Chih Yang Giu-Cheng Hsu Hsian-He Hsu Pau-Choo Chung Shu-Mei Guo San-Kan Lee Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Administrative Office Suao Veterans Hospital Yilan Taiwan

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) has been widely used as a performance evaluation tool to measure effectiveness of medical modalities. It is derived from a standard detection theory with false alarm and detection power interpreted as false positive (FP) and true positive (TP) respectively in terms of medical diagnosis. The ROC curve is plotted based on TP versus FP via hard decisions. This paper presents a three dimensional (3D) ROC analysis which extends the traditional two-dimensional (2D) ROC analysis by including a threshold parameter in a third dimension resulting from soft decisions, (SD). As a result, a 3D ROC curve can be plotted based on three parameters, TP, FP and SD. By virtue of such a 3D ROC curve three two-dimensional (2D) ROC curves can be derived, one of which is the traditional 2D ROC curve of TP versus FP with SD reduced to hard decision. In order to illustrate its utility in medical diagnosis, its application to magnetic resonance (MR) image classification is demonstrated

关键词： Image analysis Biomedical imaging Radar detection Medical diagnosis Detectors computer science Hospitals Medical diagnostic imaging Magnetic analysis Performance analysis

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Miniature Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator (OCXO) on a CMOS Chip

Miniature Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator (OCXO) on a CMO...

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IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

作者： Jaehyun Lim Kyusun Choi Hyunsoo Kim Thomas Jackson David Kenny Mixed Signal Chip Design Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Center for Thin Film Devices and Materials Research Institute Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Eastern Development Center SaRonix State College PA USA

This paper presents a one-chip temperature control for an OCXO application with a quartz crystal directly mounted on a CMOS chip. The design of this chip can reduce the size of an entire OCXO package dramatically since no separate PCBs are required for the oscillator, controller, and resonator. The reduced package size leads to less power consumption (303 mW at steady state) and a shorter warm-up time (190 seconds at room temperature). The temperature and frequency stabilities are 0.17 degC and 0.7 ppm respectively in the 0 degC to 60 degC external temperature range

关键词： Ovens Oscillators Packaging Temperature distribution Temperature control Size control Energy consumption Steady-state Frequency Stability

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Frame Enclosed Resonator for Miniature Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator (OCXO)

Frame Enclosed Resonator for Miniature Oven Controlled Cryst...

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IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

作者： Hyunsoo Kim Thomas Jackson Jaehyun Lim Kyusun Choi David Kenny Center for Thin Film Devices and Materials Research Institute Department of Electrical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Mixed Signal Chip Design Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Eastern Development Center SaRonix State College PA USA

This paper reports progress on a frame enclosed resonator (FER) integrated with a miniature OCXO. This new approach for a quartz crystal resonator with small active area and low stress was fabricated and directly integrated between a CMOS control chip as a sandwich structure. Integrating an FER on a CMOS chip provides a number of advantages including small size, low power, and reduced warm up time due to smaller volume and surface area

关键词： Ovens Voltage-controlled oscillators Crystalline materials Temperature control Conducting materials Voltage control Thermal conductivity Thermal stresses Diffusion bonding Gold

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Spectral-Efficient Differential Space–Time Coding Using Non-Full-Diverse Constellations

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2006年第6期54卷 1144-1144页

作者： M. Taherzadeh A.K. Khandani Coding and Signal Transmission Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

In this paper, a method is proposed to construct spectral-efficient unitary space–time codes for high-rate differential communications over multiple-antenna channels. Unlike most of the known methods, which are designed to maximize the diversity product (the minimum determinant distance), our objective is to increase the spectral efficiency. The simulation results indicate that for high spectral efficiency and for more than one receive antenna, the new method significantly outperforms the existing alternatives. In the special case of two transmit antennas, which is the main focus of this paper, the relation between the proposed code and the Alamouti scheme helps us to provide an efficient maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm. Also, we demonstrate that similar ideas can be applied for designing codes for more than two transmit antennas. As an example, we present a construction for a 4 $times$ 4 unitary constellations which has a good performance, as compared with the other known codes.

关键词： Transmitting antennas Design methodology Receiving antennas Maximum likelihood decoding

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compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison of two approaches

Compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison ...

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Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Siddiqui, S. El-Boustani, A. Kinsner, W. Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper presents a comparative study of two approaches that address the problem of compression of arbitrary object boundaries resulting from image segmentation. The first approach uses multiresolution based techniques, in which the boundary is represented compactly by two sets of descriptors and control points which are obtained by applying wavelet and fractal analysis. The midpoint displacement algorithm is then applied to the two sets of control points in order to reconstruct the boundaries with the required fractal dimension. The second approach is based on the iterated function system (IFS). In this approach, the object boundary is regarded as an attractor of an IFS having the same Rényi fractal dimension spectrum as the original boundary. The experimental results show that the multifractal object boundaries can be modelled compactly using both approaches. The compression ratio achieved for the wavelet-based approach was 285:1, while for the IFS-based approach it was 52:1. These results can be compared with state of the art image compression techniques such as JPEG2000. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of heart monitoring

Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of he...

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Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Potter, M. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper introduces a class of synthetic electrocardiograms (ECG) for the purpose of testing the sensitivity and robustness of heart-monitoring techniques in controlled and reproducible simulations. These ECG surrogates are constructed by adapting an existing standard ECG synthesizer to act as a modulator on a tachogram input, enabling null-hypothesis analysis on heart-rate variability. This establishes an empirical link between the tachogram literature and the design of heart monitoring techniques. The new methodology is demonstrated experimentally and its performance is discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to outliers

Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to ou...

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Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Gadhok, N. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper evaluates the outlier sensitivity of five independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms (FastICA, Extended-Infomax, JADE, Radical-ICA, and β-divergence) using (i) the Amari separation performance index, (ii) the optimum angle of rotation error, and (iii) the contrast function difference, in an outlier-contaminated mixture simulation. The Amari separation performance index has revealed a strong sensitivity of JADE and FastICA (using 3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) to outliers. However, the two contrast measures demonstrated conclusively that β-divergence is the least outlier-sensitive algorithm, followed by Radical-ICA, FastICA (exponential and hyperbolic-tangent nonlinearities), Extended-Infomax, JADE, and FastICA (3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) in an outlier-contaminated mixture of two uniformly distributed signals. The novelty of this paper is the development of an unbiased optimization-landscape environment for assessing outlier sensitivity, as well as the optimum angle of rotation error and the contrast function difference as promising new measures for assessing the outlier sensitivity of ICA algorithms. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Independent component analysis

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