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An advanced system to generate pronunciations of proper nouns

An advanced system to generate pronunciations of proper noun...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： N. Deshmukh J. Ngan J. Hamaker J. Picone Institute for Signal and Information Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State University MS USA

Accurate recognition of proper nouns is a critical component of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Since there are no obvious letter-to-sound conversion rules that govern the pronunciation of any large set of proper nouns, this is an open-ended problem that evolves constantly under various sociolinguistic influences. A Boltzmann machine neural network is well-suited for the task of generating the most likely pronunciations of a proper noun. This pronunciation output can be used to build better acoustic models for the noun that result in improved recognition performance. We present an advanced version of this N-best pronunciations system; and a multiple pronunciations dictionary of 18000 surnames and 25000 pronunciations used as a training database. The database and software are available in the public domain.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition Neurons Databases Simulated annealing Neural networks Backpropagation Computational modeling signal processing Information processing Dictionaries

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Realization of 2-D linear-phase FIR filters based on the singular-value decomposition

Realization of 2-D linear-phase FIR filters based on the sin...

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Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： Wei-Ping Zhu M.O. Ahmad M.N.S. Swamy Center for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, the singular-value decomposition (SVD) technique is investigated for the realization of 2-D linear-phase FIR filters with arbitrary magnitude responses. A parallel realization structure consisting of a number of 1-D FIR filters is obtained by applying the SVD to the impulse response of a 2-D filter. By using the symmetry property of the 2-D impulse response and by developing an appropriate unitary transform, a singular-value decomposition with symmetric and skew-symmetric singular vectors is obtained so that the constituent 1-D filters have linear-phase characteristics. It is shown that the number of parallel sections can be reduced significantly by neglecting the smaller singular values without introducing a large error in the magnitude response of the simplified 2-D filter.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter signal processing Two dimensional displays Digital filters Frequency response Electronic mail Image processing Convolution Matrix decomposition Symmetric matrices

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L/sub p/ norm design of weighted order statistic filters

L/sub p/ norm design of weighted order statistic filters

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： C.E. Savin M.O. Ahmad M.N.S. Swamy Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

This paper addresses the problem of designing weighted order statistic (WOS) filters by employing an objective function given as the L/sub p/ norm of the error between the desired signal and the estimated one. The conventional design of WOS filters uses a mean absolute error (MAE) objective function, and as such, it is a special case of the general, L/sub p/ norm based design, developed here. It is shown that in stack filtering, the L/sub p/ norm can be expressed as a linear combination of the decision errors incurred by the Boolean operators at each level of the stack filter architecture. Based on this formulation of the L/sub p/ norm, both nonadaptive and adaptive algorithms for the design of L/sub p/ WOS filters are developed. A design example is considered, to illustrate the performance of the designed L/sub p/ WOS filters with different values of p. The simulation results show that the L/sub p/ WOS filters with p/spl ges/2 are capable of removing more impulsive noise compared with the conventional MAE WOS filters.

关键词： Statistics Nonlinear filters signal design signal processing Filtering Electronic mail Error analysis computer errors Adaptive algorithm Algorithm design and analysis

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A general framework for the design of stack filters using the L/sub p/ norm objective function

A general framework for the design of stack filters using th...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： C.E. Savin M.O. Ahmad M.N.S. Swamy Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

It has been thought for some time now that the design of stack filters using the L/sub p/ norm is mathematically intractable. This paper, for the first time, addresses the problem of designing optimal stack filters by employing an L/sub p/ norm of the error between the desired signal and the estimated one. It is shown that the L/sub p/ norm can be expressed as a linear function of the decision errors at the binary levels of the filter. Thus, an L/sub p/-optimal stack filter can be obtained as a solution of a linear program. The conventional design of using the mean absolute error (MAE), therefore, becomes a special case of the general, L/sub p/ norm based design, developed here. The conventional MAE design of an important subclass of stack filters, the weighted order statistic filters, is also extended to the L/sub p/ norm-based design. By considering a typical application of restoring images corrupted with impulsive noise, several design examples are presented, to illustrate that the L/sub p/-optimal stack filters with p/spl ges/2 can provide a far superior performance in terms of their capability of removing impulsive noise, compared to that achieved by using the conventional minimum MAE stack filters.

关键词： Nonlinear filters signal design Image restoration Boolean functions signal processing Statistics signal restoration Filtering Estimation error Design optimization

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A closed-form solution for the design of complex FIR filters and its application to filter banks

A closed-form solution for the design of complex FIR filters...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Wei-Ping Zhu M.O. Ahmad M.N.S. Swamy Center for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, the least-square design problem of complex FIR filters with arbitrary frequency response characteristics is investigated. A closed-form solution is obtained by solving the approximation problem analytically, enabling a very fast calculation of the impulse response of the filter to be designed. An application of the derived solution to QMF bank design is explored. By using the Butterworth approximation to obtain an IIR filter for the analysis part and by employing the closed-form solution to approximate a nonlinear-phase FIR filter for the synthesis part, a class of nearly perfect-reconstruction QMF bank is developed. It is shown that the mixed IIR/FIR filter bank not only has a very good reconstruction performance but also enjoys an extremely low design complexity.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter Closed-form solution Filter bank Channel bank filters Frequency response IIR filters Digital filters Application software signal processing Electronic mail

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Network access and data security design for telemedicine applications

Network access and data security design for telemedicine app...

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IEEE Symposium on computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： L. Makris N. Argiriou M.G. Strintzis Information Processing Laboratory Information Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

The maturing of telecommunication technologies has ushered a whole new era of applications and services in the health care environment. Teleworking, teleconsultation, multimedia conferencing and medical data distribution are rapidly becoming commonplace in clinical practice. As a result, a set of problems arises, concerning data confidentiality and integrity. Public computer networks, such as the emerging ISDN technology, are vulnerable to eavesdropping. Therefore it is important for telemedicine applications to employ end-to-end encryption mechanisms securing the data channel from unauthorised access or modification. We propose a network access and encryption system that is both economical and easily implemented for integration in developing or existing applications, using well-known and thoroughly tested encryption algorithms. Public-key cryptography is used for session-key exchange, while symmetric algorithms are used for bulk encryption. Mechanisms for session-key generation and exchange are also provided.

关键词： Data security Telemedicine Cryptography Application software Medical services Teleworking computer networks ISDN Environmental economics System testing

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The superpositioning truncated response filter: a new filter structure for baseband or pre-modulation filtering

The superpositioning truncated response filter: a new filter...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： M.J. Paczonay E.W. McCune M.A. Soderstrand Digital Signal Processing and Communications Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA USA

A novel digital filter structure is used to implement a digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter when the input is constrained to a two level non return to zero (NRZ) binary signal such as is common in digital communications systems such as digital cellular telephones. Depending on the specified filter, the structure superposes the impulse or rectangular pulse response of the filter for each bit in the NRZ signal. The superpositioning filter can be designed in either a parallel or serial configuration. The serial configuration results in the smallest hardware usage and is the preferred way of implementing the filter for minimum hardware low-power applications. A filter designed with the serial configuration will require only one summing point and no coefficient multipliers. Because there are no multipliers, this filter structure becomes very attractive for the implementation of FIR filters, when the input is a two level NRZ signal.

关键词： Baseband Finite impulse response filter Optical signal processing Digital filters Nonlinear filters Pulse shaping methods Sampling methods Digital communication Hardware Quadrature phase shift keying

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Autoregressive modeling of lung sounds using higher-order statistics: estimation of source and transmission

Autoregressive modeling of lung sounds using higher-order st...

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IEEE signal processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics

作者： L.J. Hadjileontiadis S.M. Panas Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Division of Medical Signal and Image Processing Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

The use of higher-order statistics in an autoregressive modeling of lung sounds is presented resulting in a characterization of their source and transmission. The lung sound source in the airway is estimated using the prediction error of an all-pole filter based on higher-order statistics (AR-HOS), while the acoustic transmission through the lung parenchyma and chest wall is modeled by the transfer function of the same AR-HOS filter. The parametric bispectrum, using the estimated a/sub i/ coefficients of the AR-HOS model, is also calculated to elucidate the frequency characteristics of the modeled system. The implementation of this approach on pre-classified lung sound segments in known disease conditions, selected from teaching tapes, was examined. Experiments have shown that a reliable and consistent with current knowledge estimation of lung sound characteristics can be achieved using this method, even in the presence of additive Gaussian noise.

关键词： Lungs Higher order statistics Filters Frequency estimation Predictive models Transfer functions Diseases Education Additive noise Gaussian noise

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New performance bounds for turbo codes

New performance bounds for turbo codes

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IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： T.M. Duman M. Salehi Communications and Digital Signal Processing Center Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston MA USA

We derive a new upper bound on the word and bit error probabilities of turbo codes with maximum likelihood decoding by using the Gallager bound instead of the standard union bound. Since the derivation of the bound for a given interleaver is intractable, we assume "uniform interleaving " as in the standard union bound applied to turbo codes. The result is a generalization of the transfer function bounds and remains useful for a wider range of signal to noise ratios, particularly for some range below the channel cut-off rate. Previously, for signal to noise ratios below the cut-off rate, the performance of turbo codes could only be predicted through simulation. We illustrate the usefulness of the new bound via some examples. We also discuss the possibility of extending the derived upper bound to some other codes.

关键词： Turbo codes Upper bound Error probability Maximum likelihood decoding Convolutional codes AWGN channels signal to noise ratio Concatenated codes Convolution Performance analysis

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A simulator construction methodology for the Shiva multiprocessor system 3

A simulator construction methodology for the Shiva multiproc...

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3rd International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel processing, ICA3PP 1997

作者： Slomka, S. Sterzl, K.F. Lakshmi Narasimhan, V. Speech Research Laboratory Signal Processing Research Center Queensland University of Technology GPO Box 2434 BrisbaneQLD4001 Australia PA SE Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Queensland St. LuciaQLD4072 Australia Information Management Group ITD DSTO SalisburySA5108 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0780342291

This paper describes a simulator for the Shiva multiprocessor system and the simulator construction methodology (SCM) used in its creation. The SCM, based on the active functional unit (AFU) construct, is a modern SCM which is flexible, accurate, fast, easy to use, capable of dynamic reconfigurability at run-time, and most of all simple and capable of quick simulator construction. The AFU SCM is capable of all these things through the use of object-oriented software techniques. The Shiva simulator constructed using the AFU SCM is program-driven and capable of micro and macro architectural simulation. © 1997 IEEE.

关键词： Multiprocessing systems

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