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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： N. Ansari E.J. Delp Center for Communications and Signal Processing Electrical and Computer Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University IN USA

A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. The shape features of an object are the landmarks associated with the object. The landmarks of an object are defined as the points of interest of the object that have important shape attributes. Examples of landmarks are corners, holes, protrusions, and high-curvature points.< >

关键词： Shape measurement Layout computer vision Pattern recognition signal processing Image processing Laboratories Performance evaluation Least squares approximation Feature extraction

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Statistical analysis of the Tufts-Kumaresan and principal Hankel components methods for estimating damping factors of single complex exponentials

Statistical analysis of the Tufts-Kumaresan and principal Ha...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： A. Okhovat J.R. Cruz Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory (CSPLab) School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Oklahama Norman OK USA

A statistical analysis of the estimates of the damping factor of a single complex exponential in additive white Gaussian noise is presented. The analysis is done for two of the more popular methods, namely, the system identification method of principal Hankel components (PHC) and the Tufts-Kumaresan (TK) method of linear prediction. Assuming a high signal-to-noise ratio, closed form expressions for the variances of the damping factor are derived. These analytical solutions are confirmed with computer simulations. The analysis indicates that both the TK method and the PHC method perform well in comparison to the Cramer-Rao bound. Theoretically, however, the PHC method slightly outperforms the TK method.< >

关键词： Statistical analysis Damping Additive white noise Frequency estimation signal to noise ratio Gaussian noise Laboratories computer science computer simulation signal analysis

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Uniqueness of MSOE estimates in IIR adaptive filtering;a search for necessary conditions

Uniqueness of MSOE estimates in IIR adaptive filtering;a sea...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： M. Nayeri Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

In adaptive IIR (infinite impulse response) filtering, gradient search techniques minimize the mean-square output error (MSOE). The uniqueness of the minimum MSOE estimate for exactly matching adaptive filters is a necessary condition for global convergence of these algorithms. Although the existence of stable degenerated solutions is sufficient for the existence of local minima, it is shown by an example not to be a necessary condition, this uniqueness is also guaranteed if T. Soderstrom's (1985) condition, n/sub b/-n/sub e/+1>or=0, is met when the input is white. It is proved that n/sub b/-n/sub c/+2>or=0 is a weaker sufficient condition for exactly matching models. In fact, this serves as the weakest sufficient condition.< >

关键词： Adaptive filters IIR filters Sufficient conditions Equations signal processing algorithms Filtering White noise Additive noise Adaptive signal processing Laboratories

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Parameter extraction of microwave transistors using tree annealing

Parameter extraction of microwave transistors using tree ann...

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IEEE/Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits

作者： M.B. Steer G.L. Bilbro R.J. Trew S.G. Skaggs High Frequency Electronics Laboratory and the Center for Communications and Signal Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

The authors have developed an alternative formulation of simulated annealing using a tree-based Metropolis procedure called tree annealing. Tree annealing is suited to continuous optimization problems and, in particular, to transistor parameter extraction. The tree annealing optimization algorithm was used to extract the parameters of the HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) of U.K. Mishra et al. (IEDM Tech. Dig., p.180-3, Dec. 1988) using a physically based equivalent circuit and deembedded scattering parameter measurements from 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz. Good results were obtained from the parameter extraction technique, and the ability of MFA not to be locked in local minima enabled a physically based equivalent circuit model to be used. Tree annealing is essentially a smart random search technique and so requires many more functional evaluations than do gradient-based minimization algorithms. However, no startling guess is required, and the bounds on parameter values can be widely separated with little effect on optimization time.< >

关键词： Parameter extraction Microwave transistors Simulated annealing Equivalent circuits Combinatorial mathematics Robustness Frequency Laboratories Microwave communication signal processing

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Efficient HMM evaluation for recognition of nonverbal speech

Efficient HMM evaluation for recognition of nonverbal speech

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： J.R. Deller R.K. Snider Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

A procedure is described for evaluating the likelihood of a hidden Markov model (HMM) using only O(N) flops per observation, where N is the number of states. This improved computational complexity is necessary for near-real-time recognition algorithms for nonverbal speech to be run on ordinary personal computers. In preliminary experiments these measures have significantly reduced the computational load. Further significant reductions are anticipated with larger databases.< >

关键词： Hidden Markov models Speech recognition Speech analysis Laboratories signal processing algorithms Microcomputers Equations Digital signal processing Computational complexity computer architecture

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Synthesis of Feedback Control for Forbidden State Problems in Discrete Manufacturing Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1989年第14期22卷 11-16页

作者： L.E. Holloway B.H. Krogh Laboratory for Automated Systems and Information Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

This paper concerns the supervisory coordination and control of concurrent activities in an automated manufacturing facility. In contrast to commonly used simulation models which integrate the control policy with the system model, the subsystem state transition logic is represented by a class of controlled Petri nets (CPNs) with external inputs to be determined by the control synthesis algorithm. We formulate the forbidden state control problem in the CPN context and present a computationally efficient algorithm for generating maximally permissive controls which guarantee the system will avoid the forbidden states while permitting a maximal amount of flexibility in the system operation. The problem formulation and control synthesis algorithm is illustrated for an example of AGV coordination, and several classes of manufacturing control problems which can be addressed within this framework are identified.

关键词： computer control control system synthesis discrete systems manufacturing processes supervisory control synthesis methods

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Primitive-based teleconference image coding technique

Primitive-based teleconference image coding technique

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： A.M. Alattar S.A. Rajala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Communications and Signal Processing North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

An image coding technique with the capability of producing good image quality at a compression ratio over 1000:1 is described. The main idea is to break the image into complicated primitives using a priori knowledge. Usually these primitives are not coded and transmitted, but are matched to a previously created database, and the necessary information about the best match is coded and transmitted. This information is used at the receiver to retrieve a replica of the original primitive from a duplicate database. The primitives are assembled as in computer animation to produce a faithful reconstruction of the original image. The proposed technique allow real-time transmission of video signals over low-bit-rate channels (less than 64 kb/s). The application of this technique to teleconference and picture phone images is discussed.< >

关键词： Teleconferencing Image coding Image segmentation Image databases Head Mouth signal processing Image quality Information retrieval Assembly

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Derivation of voltage and current transfer functions for multiconductor transmission lines

Derivation of voltage and current transfer functions for mul...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： M. Riddle S. Ardalan J. Suh Center for Communications and Signal Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

A set of compact equations is derived for a system of multiconductor transmission lines with arbitrary source and load termination networks. The derivations are based on defining the reflection coefficient matrix for multiconductor transmission lines. Expressions for the voltage and current transfer functions are derived. For the two-conductor case, the equations reduce to well known results. The expressions are very suitable for straightforward coding on a computer. The validity of the derived equations is checked with published experimental and computer models for three- and four-conductor transmission line systems.< >

关键词： Voltage Transfer functions Multiconductor transmission lines Transmission line matrix methods Conductors Reflection Power transmission lines Differential equations Impedance Crosstalk

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Sensitivity analysis of transversal RLS algorithms with correlated inputs

Sensitivity analysis of transversal RLS algorithms with corr...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： S.H. Ardalan T. Adali Center for Communication and Signal Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

The effects of input signal correlation on the performance on finite-precision RLS (recursive-least-squares) algorithms we presented. It is shown that one way to analyze finite-precision effects is indirectly through the study of the sensitivity of the RLS algorithm to perturbations in the filter coefficients. The authors show that the mean deviation of the optimum error power grows linearly with time and is the same for both correlated and uncorrelated input samples. However, the variance of the deviation from the optimum increases with signal correlation. Upper and lower bounds are derived in terms of the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue of the sample autocorrelation matrix to the signal variance. (The deviation increases as the signal dynamic range increases.) Simulations are presented to verify the theory. A stable finite-precision RLS algorithm is derived by modeling roundoff errors and incorporating their effects into the algorithm.< >

关键词： Sensitivity analysis Resonance light scattering signal processing algorithms Filters Algorithm design and analysis Roundoff errors Least squares methods signal processing Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Autocorrelation

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Primitive-based image coding technique for still pictures

Primitive-based image coding technique for still pictures

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： A.M. Alattar S.A. Rajala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Communications and Signal Processing North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

A new image coding technique for achieving an extremely high compression ratio while producing good image quality is described. The idea is analogous to that used in forensic applications when constructing a composite image of a criminal from a collection of images of facial features. The imput image is segmented into complicated primitives that are coded using previously constructed database of primitives. A duplicate database is used at the receiver to decode the primitives. The decoded primitives are assembled as in computer animation to produce a faithful reconstruction of the original image. The technique has been applied to head-and-shoulders images and compression ratios over 1000:1 have been achieved.< >

关键词： Image coding Image databases Spatial databases Decoding Image quality Forensics Facial features Image segmentation Assembly Animation

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