The common practice of applying the theory of stationary stochastic processes to a cyclostationary process by introducing random phase(s) into the probabilistic model in order to stationarize the process can lead to e...
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The common practice of applying the theory of stationary stochastic processes to a cyclostationary process by introducing random phase(s) into the probabilistic model in order to stationarize the process can lead to erroneous results, such as incorrect formulas for power spectral density. This is illustrated by showing that commonly used formulas for signals that have undergone frequency conversion or time sampling can be incorrect. The source of error is shown to be inappropriate phase-randomization procedures. The correct procedure is described, and corrected formulas are given. The problem is further illustrated by showing that commonly used resolution and reliability (mean and variance) formulas for spectrum analyzers must be corrected for cyclostationary signals. It is explained that all corrections to formulas reflect the effects of spectral correlation. These effects are inappropriately averaged out by inappropriate phase-randomization procedures. It is further explained that these inappropriate procedures destroy the important property of ergodicity of the probabilistic model.
A fast algorithm for recovering profiles of density and compressional (P) and shear-vertical (SV) wave speeds as functions of depth for the inverse seismic problem in a continuous layered elastic medium is obtained. T...
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A fast algorithm for recovering profiles of density and compressional (P) and shear-vertical (SV) wave speeds as functions of depth for the inverse seismic problem in a continuous layered elastic medium is obtained. This algorithm differs from previous fast algorithms for this problem since it requires only the compressional wave P-P reflection response at the surface of the medium, for three different slownesses or angles of incidence. Previous algorithms have required shear stress data in the form of the P-SV and SV-SV reflection responses, making them unsuitable for an ocean environment. This algorithm is thus much more suitable for reconstructing the ocean floor from pressure data taken in the ocean. The algorithm is exact, and it includes the effects of multiple reflections and mode conversions. A computer run illustrates the performance of the algorithm on synthetic data.
The implementation of digital filtering algorithms using pipelined vector processors is investigated. Modeling of vector processors and vectorization methods are explained, and then the performances of several impleme...
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The implementation of digital filtering algorithms using pipelined vector processors is investigated. Modeling of vector processors and vectorization methods are explained, and then the performances of several implementation methods are evaluated based on the model. Vector processor implementation of FIR filtering algorithms using the outer product method and the indirect convolution method is evaluated. Recursive and adaptive filtering algorithms, which lead to dependency problems in direct vector processor implementations, are implemented very efficiently using a newly developed vectorization method. The proposed method computes multiple output samples at a time, making the vector length independent of the filter order. Illustrative examples comparing theoretical results with Cray X-MP simulation results are included.
An algorithm is presented which can be used to compute a temporally adaptive, recursive solution to the problem of estimating the linear prediction parameters of speech. The method is theoretically equivalent to conve...
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An algorithm is presented which can be used to compute a temporally adaptive, recursive solution to the problem of estimating the linear prediction parameters of speech. The method is theoretically equivalent to conventional adaptive sequential regression, but is slightly more efficient and computationally much more straightforward. Application to the problem of recognition of speech of the profoundly disabled is discussed.
The phase reconstruction problem in the trispectrum domain is addressed in this correspondence. In particular, three different reconstruction algorithms are discussed and their performance is evaluated. The first two ...
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The phase reconstruction problem in the trispectrum domain is addressed in this correspondence. In particular, three different reconstruction algorithms are discussed and their performance is evaluated. The first two algorithms are recursive in nature and are shown to be sensitive to initial condition estimates.
Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed for a pair of transfer functions to have magnitude responses which sum to a constant. If, in addition, the transfer function pair is constrained to be all-pass complem...
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Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed for a pair of transfer functions to have magnitude responses which sum to a constant. If, in addition, the transfer function pair is constrained to be all-pass complementary, the transfer function pair so obtained is well suited for loudspeaker crossover applications. Such crossover systems are characterized by a pair of transfer functions which exhibit the same phase angle at all frequencies. This property has twofold implications: i) in active crossover biamplified audio systems, whereby the low frequencies and high frequencies are reproduced using separate power amplifiers, in-phase crossover transfer functions require less power in subsequent amplifier stages than other designs to achieve a given acoustic sound pressure level; and ii) the summed acoustic magnitude response is least sensitive to noncoincidental mounting of the low- and high-frequency transducers when the crossover transfer functions exhibit the same phase angle at all frequencies. The class of transfer functions realizable is quite wide, and includes squared versions of Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic transfer functions of all orders.
A gain enhancement technique is presented for increasing the output impedance of a differential pair. It is useful when trying to realise fast single-stage amplifiers, without having to accept the compromise of very l...
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A gain enhancement technique is presented for increasing the output impedance of a differential pair. It is useful when trying to realise fast single-stage amplifiers, without having to accept the compromise of very low gain. The only major disadvantage is that either a larger power supply voltage or a smaller maximum signal swing must be tolerated.
This paper introduces a new method of analysis for deltasigma modulators based on modeling the nonlinear quantizer with a linearized gain, obtained by minimizing a mean-square-error criterion [7], followed by an addit...
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This paper introduces a new method of analysis for deltasigma modulators based on modeling the nonlinear quantizer with a linearized gain, obtained by minimizing a mean-square-error criterion [7], followed by an additive noise source representing distortion components. In the paper, input signal amplitude dependencies of delta-sigma modulator stability and signal-to-noise ratio are analyzed. It is shown that due to the nonlinearity of the quantizer, the signal-to-noise ratio of the modulator may decrease as the input amplitude increases prior to saturation. Also, a stable third-order delta-sigma modulator may become unstable by increasing the input amplitude beyond a certain threshold. Both of these phenomena are explained by the nonlinear analysis of this paper. The analysis is carried out for both dc and sinusoidal excitations.
A fixed-point roundoff error analysis of the exponentially windowed RLS algorithm is presented. It is shown that a tradeoff exists in the choice of the forgetting factor λ. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the a...
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A fixed-point roundoff error analysis of the exponentially windowed RLS algorithm is presented. It is shown that a tradeoff exists in the choice of the forgetting factor λ. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to additive noise, λ must be chosen close to one. On the other hand, the roundoff error increases as \lambda \rightarrow 1 . It is shown that the algorithm is stabilized with λ < 1. The algorithm may diverge for \lambda \rightarrow 1 . To derive the theoretical results, it is assumed that the input signal is a white Gaussian random process. Finally, simulations are presented which confirm the theoretical findings of the paper.
Distribution line carrier (DLC) is a communication system used in automated distribution systems to transmit data between the substation and certain locations on the distribution primary and secondary. Extensive DLC p...
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Distribution line carrier (DLC) is a communication system used in automated distribution systems to transmit data between the substation and certain locations on the distribution primary and secondary. Extensive DLC propagation measurements have shown that the propagation of signals on a power distribution line is difficult to predict because of the complexity and variability of distribution systems. This paper presents an efficient and comprehensive analytical tool for predicting DLC signal propagation over complex distribution systems. This paper develops a three-phase bus impedance matrix, which consists of 3×3 transfer impedance submatrices. These submatrices represent the general transfer function which relates the three-phase received voltage vector at any point of interest to any three-phase transmitted (injected) current vector at any point of interest. The method described here is an extension of the three-phase bus impedance approach used for 60 Hz power distribution.
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