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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jia, Hao Caiafa, Cesar F. Duan, Feng Zhang, Yu Sun, Zhe Solé-Casals, Jordi The Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia Catalonia Vic Spain The Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía CONICET CCT La Plata/CIC-PBA/UNLP V. Elisa Argentina The College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China The College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China The Department of Bioengineering The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University BethlehemPA18015 United States The Computational Engineering Applications Unit Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity RIKEN Saitama Japan The Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge United Kingdom

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces help the subjects to control external devices by brain intentions. The multi-class classification of upper limb movements can provide external devices with more control commands. The onsets of the upper limb movements are located by the external limb trajectory to eliminate the delay and bias among the trials. However, the trajectories are not recorded due to the limitation of experiments. The delay cannot be avoided in the analysis of signals. The delay negatively influences the classification performance, which limits the further application of upper limb movements in the brain-computer interface. This work focuses on multi-channel brain signals analysis in the temporal-frequency approach. It proposes the two-stage-training temporal-spectral neural network (TTSNet) to decode patterns from brain signals. The TTSNet first divides the signals into various filter banks. In each filter bank, task-related component analysis is used to reduce the dimension and reject the noise of the brain. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is then used to optimize the temporal characteristic of signals and extract class-related features. Finally, these class-related features from all filter banks are fused by concatenation and classified by the fully connected layer of the CNN. The proposed method is evaluated in two public datasets. The results show that TTSNet has an improved accuracy of 0.7456±0.1205 compared to the EEGNet of 0.6506±0.1275 (p Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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Revisiting Efficient Multi-Step Nonlinearity Compensation with Machine Learning: An Experimental Demonstration

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Oliari, Vinícius Goossens, Sebastiaan Häger, Christian Liga, Gabriele Bütler, Rick M. van den Hout, Menno van der Heide, Sjoerd Pfister, Henry D. Okonkwo, Chigo Alvarado, Alex Information and Communication Theory Lab Signal Processing Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham United States High Capacity Optical Transmission Lab Electro-Optical Communication Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

Efficient nonlinearity compensation in fiber-optic communication systems is considered a key element to go beyond the "capacity crunch". One guiding principle for previous work on the design of practical nonlinearity compensation schemes is that fewer steps lead to better systems. In this paper, we challenge this assumption and show how to carefully design multi-step approaches that provide better performance–complexity tradeoffs than their few-step counterparts. We consider the recently proposed learned digital backpropagation (LDBP) approach, where the linear steps in the split-step method are re-interpreted as general linear functions, similar to the weight matrices in a deep neural network. Our main contribution lies in an experimental demonstration of this approach for a 25 Gbaud single-channel optical transmission system. It is shown how LDBP can be integrated into a coherent receiver DSP chain and successfully trained in the presence of various hardware impairments. Our results show that LDBP with limited complexity can achieve better performance than standard DBP by using very short, but jointly optimized, finite-impulse response filters in each step. This paper also provides an overview of recently proposed extensions of LDBP and we comment on potentially interesting avenues for future work. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light transmission

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Security-Reliability Trade-Off Analysis for SWIPT- and AF-Based IoT Networks with Friendly Jammers

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Nguyen, Tan N. Tran, Dinh-Hieu Chien, Trinh Van Phan, Van-Duc Voznak, Miroslav Tin, Phu Tran Chatzinotas, Symeon Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Vincent Poor, H. Communication and Signal Processing Research Group Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam The University of Luxembourg Luxembourg Hanoi University of Science and Technology Czech Republic School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2025 Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States VSB - Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 15/2172 Poruba Ostrava708 33 Czech Republic Faculty of Automobile Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Electronics Technology Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) in wireless relaying networks has attracted considerable recent interest, especially for supplying energy to relay nodes in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems to assist the information exchange between a source and a destination. Moreover, limited hardware, computational resources, and energy availability of IoT devices have raised various security challenges. To this end, physical layer security (PLS) has been proposed as an effective alternative to cryptographic methods for providing information security. In this study, we propose a PLS approach for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-based half-duplex (HD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the presence of an eavesdropper. Furthermore, we take into account both static power splitting relaying (SPSR) and dynamic power splitting relaying (DPSR) to thoroughly investigate the benefits of each one. To further enhance secure communication, we consider multiple friendly jammers to help prevent wiretapping attacks from the eavesdropper. More specifically, we provide a reliability and security analysis by deriving closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP), respectively, for both the SPSR and DPSR schemes. Then, simulations are also performed to validate our analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Specifically, numerical results illustrate the non-trivial trade-off between reliability and security of the proposed system. In addition, we conclude from the simulation results that the proposed DPSR scheme outperforms the SPSR-based scheme in terms of OP and IP under the influences of different parameters on system performance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability

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Quality Evaluation Of Static Point Clouds Encoded Using MPEG Codecs

Quality Evaluation Of Static Point Clouds Encoded Using MPEG...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Stuart Perry Huy Phi Cong Luís A. da Silva Cruz João Prazeres Manuela Pereira Antonio Pinheiro Emil Dumic Evangelos Alexiou Touradj Ebrahimi University of Technology Sydney Australia University of Coimbra Portugal Instituto de Telecomunicaçõoes Portugal Department of Electrical Engineering University North Croatia Multimedia Signal Processing Group École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9781728163956

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163963

This paper presents a quality evaluation study of point cloud codecs that have been recently standardised by the MPEG committee. In particular, a subjective experiment to assess their performance in terms of bitrate against visual quality is designed and realized in four independent laboratories. The experimental setup of each laboratory varies; yet, the obtained subjective scores exhibit high inter laboratory correlation, confirming that the adopted assessment protocol is robust to equipment selection and viewing conditions, ensuring reliability and facilitating repeatability. Our study confirms the superior compression performance of the MPEG V-PCC, when compared to MPEG G-PCC, in the case of static contents. Finally, results from a benchmark of the most popular objective quality metrics using the obtained subjective scores as ground truth, reveal that the point2plane with mean square error is the most accurate quality predictor, closely followed by the point2point also using mean square error as distance measure.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Encoding Transform coding Laboratories Codecs Measurement Color

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Optical MIMO Transmission focusing on photonic lanterns and optical couplers 1

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14th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications, ICETE 2017

作者： Ahrens, Andreas Sandmann, André Lochmann, Steffen Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Communications Signal Processing Group Hochschule Wismar University of Applied Sciences: Technology Business and Design Philipp-Müller-Straße 14 Wismar23966 Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783030110390

ISBN: (纸本)9783030110383

The exploitation of the spatial domain with the concept of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising approach to further improve the cost efficiency in fiber-optic communications. Historically, the first optical MIMO systems utilized multi-mode couplers for the purpose of mode multiplexing (MUX) and demultiplexing (DEMUX). However, their high insertion losses and asymmetries demand for alternative components. Nowadays, next to optical couplers, photonic lanterns have become considerably more attractive offering low insertion losses and being able to excite individual modes. Therefore, they are in the focus of this contribution. A setup of 6-port photonic lanterns is evaluated by measurements and compared with other multiplexing components. The measurement results and the simulated bit-error rate performances highlight that photonic lanterns are well-suited for optical MIMO communications. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

关键词： Insertion losses

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Joining sound event detection and localization through spatial segregation

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Trowitzsch, Ivo Schymura, Christopher Kolossa, Dorothea Obermayer, Klaus Neural Information Processing Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Technische Universität Berlin Cognitive Signal Processing Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Ruhr-Universität Bochum

—Identification and localization of sounds are both integral parts of computational auditory scene analysis. Although each can be solved separately, the goal of forming coherent auditory objects and achieving a comprehensive spatial scene understanding suggests pursuing a joint solution of the two problems. This work presents an approach that robustly binds localization with the detection of sound events in a binaural robotic system. Both tasks are joined through the use of spatial stream segregation which produces probabilistic time-frequency masks for individual sources attributable to separate locations, enabling segregated sound event detection operating on these streams. We use simulations of a comprehensive suite of test scenes with multiple co-occurring sound sources, and propose performance measures for systematic investigation of the impact of scene complexity on this segregated detection of sound types. Analyzing the effect of spatial scene arrangement, we show how a robot could facilitate high performance through optimal head rotation. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of segregated detection given possible localization error as well as error in the estimation of number of active sources. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach is an effective method to obtain joint sound event location and type information under a wide range of conditions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Audition

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How phonotactics affect multilingual and zero-shot ASR performance

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Feng, Siyuan Zelasko, Piotr Moro-Velázquez, Laureano Abavisani, Ali Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark Scharenborg, Odette Dehak, Najim Multimedia Computing Group Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Center for Language and Speech Processing United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL United States

The idea of combining multiple languages’ recordings to train a single automatic speech recognition (ASR) model brings the promise of the emergence of universal speech representation. Recently, a Transformer encoder-decoder model has been shown to leverage multilingual data well in IPA transcriptions of languages presented during training. However, the representations it learned were not successful in zero-shot transfer to unseen languages. Because that model lacks an explicit factorization of the acoustic model (AM) and language model (LM), it is unclear to what degree the performance suffered from differences in pronunciation or the mismatch in phonotactics. To gain more insight into the factors limiting zero-shot ASR transfer, we replace the encoder-decoder with a hybrid ASR system consisting of a separate AM and LM. Then, we perform an extensive evaluation of monolingual, multilingual, and crosslingual (zero-shot) acoustic and language models on a set of 13 phonetically diverse languages. We show that the gain from modeling crosslingual phonotactics is limited, and imposing a too strong model can hurt the zero-shot transfer. Furthermore, we find that a multilingual LM hurts a multilingual ASR system’s performance, and retaining only the target language’s phonotactic data in LM training is preferable. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Antenna Array Enabled Space/Air/Ground Communications and Networking for 6G

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xiao, Zhenyu Han, Zhu Nallanathan, Arumugam Dobre, Octavia A. Clerckx, Bruno Choi, Jinho He, Chong Tong, Wen The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of The School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom The Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University St. John’sNLA1C 5S7 Canada The Communications and Signal Processing Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom The School of Information Technology Deakin University GeelongVIC3220 Australia The Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Wireless Advanced System Competency Centre Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. OttawaONK2K 3J1 Canada

Antenna arrays have a long history of more than 100 years and have evolved closely with the development of electronic and information technologies, playing an indispensable role in wireless communications and radar. With the rapid development of electronic and information technologies, the demand for all-time, all-domain, and full-space network services has exploded, and new communication requirements have been put forward on various space/air/ground platforms. To meet the ever increasing requirements of the future sixth generation (6G) wireless communications, such as high capacity, wide coverage, low latency, and strong robustness, it is promising to employ different types of antenna arrays (e.g., phased arrays, digital arrays, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, etc.) with various beamforming technologies (e.g., analog beamforming, digital beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and passive beamforming, etc.) in space/air/ground communication networks, bringing in advantages such as considerable antenna gains, multiplexing gains, and diversity gains. However, enabling antenna array for space/air/ground communication networks poses specific, distinctive and tricky challenges, which has aroused extensive research attention. This paper aims to overview the field of antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking. The technical potentials and challenges of antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking are presented first. Subsequently, the antenna array structures and designs are discussed. We then discuss various emerging technologies facilitated by antenna arrays to meet the new communication requirements of space/air/ground communication systems. Enabled by these emerging technologies, the distinct characteristics, challenges, and solutions for space communications, airborne communications, and ground communications are reviewed. Finally, we present promising directions for future research in antenna array enabled space/ai

关键词： Beamforming

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Benchmarking quality-dependent and cost-sensitive score-level multimodal biometric fusion algorithms

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Poh, Norman Bourlai, Thirimachos Kittler, Josef Allano, Lorene Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando Ambekar, Onkar Baker, John Dorizzi, Bernadette Fatukasi, Omolara Fierrez, Julian Ganster, Harald Ortega-Garcia, Javier Maurer, Donald Salah, Albert Ali Scheidat, Tobias Vielhauer, Claus Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing School of Electronics and Physical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford SurreyGU2 7XH United Kingdom Biometrics Center Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506-6109 United States Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Biometric Recognition Group – ATVS Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University LaurelMD20723 United States Electronics and Physics Department Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Institute of Digital Image Processing Joanneum Research Graz8010 Austria ISLA-ISIS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Informatics and Media Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg an der HavelD-14770 Germany Research Group Multimedia and Security Department of Technical and Business Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg MagdeburgD-39106 Germany

Automatically verifying the identity of a person by means of biometrics (e.g., face and fingerprint) is an important application in our day-to-day activities such as accessing banking services and security control in airports. To increase the system reliability, several biometric devices are often used. Such a combined system is known as a multimodal biometric system. This paper reports a benchmarking study carried out within the framework of the BioSecure DS2 (Access Control) evaluation campaign organized by the University of Surrey, involving face, fingerprint, and iris biometrics for person authentication, targeting the application of physical access control in a medium-size establishment with some 500 persons. While multimodal biometrics is a well-investigated subject in the literature, there exists no benchmark for a fusion algorithm comparison. Working towards this goal, we designed two sets of experiments: quality-dependent and cost-sensitive evaluation. The quality-dependent evaluation aims at assessing how well fusion algorithms can perform under changing quality of raw biometric images principally due to change of devices. The cost-sensitive evaluation, on the other hand, investigates how well a fusion algorithm can perform given restricted computation and in the presence of software and hardware failures, resulting in errors such as failure-to-acquire and failure-to-match. Since multiple capturing devices are available, a fusion algorithm should be able to handle this nonideal but nevertheless realistic scenario. In both evaluations, each fusion algorithm is provided with scores from each biometric comparison subsystem as well as the quality measures of both the template and the query data. The response to the call of the evaluation campaign proved very encouraging, with the submission of 22 fusion systems. To the best of our knowledge, this campaign is the first attempt to benchmark quality-based multimodal fusion algorithms. In the presence of changing

关键词： Benchmarking

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Detecting Parkinsonian tremor from IMU data collected in-the-wild using deep multiple-instance learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Papadopoulos, Alexandros Kyritsis, Konstantinos Klingelhoefer, Lisa Bostanjopoulou, Sevasti Chaudhuri, K. Ray Delopoulos, Anastasios Multimedia Understanding Group Information Processing Laboratory Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece Department of Neurology Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany Third Neurological Clinic Papanikolaou Hospital Thessaloniki Greece International Parkinson Excellence Research Centre King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a slowly evolving neurological disease that affects about 1% of the population above 60 years old, causing symptoms that are subtle at first, but whose intensity increases as the disease progresses. Automated detection of these symptoms could offer clues as to the early onset of the disease, thus improving the expected clinical outcomes of the patients via appropriately targeted interventions. This potential has led many researchers to develop methods that use widely available sensors to measure and quantify the presence of PD symptoms such as tremor, rigidity and braykinesia. However, most of these approaches operate under controlled settings, such as in lab or at home, thus limiting their applicability under free-living conditions. In this work, we present a method for automatically identifying tremorous episodes related to PD, based on IMU signals captured via a smartphone device. We propose a Multiple-Instance Learning approach, wherein a subject is represented as an unordered bag of accelerometer signal segments and a single, expert-provided, tremor annotation. Our method combines deep feature learning with a learnable pooling stage that is able to identify key instances within the subject bag, while still being trainable end-to-end. We validate our algorithm on a newly introduced dataset of 45 subjects, containing accelerometer signals collected entirely in-the-wild. The good classification performance obtained in the conducted experiments suggests that the proposed method can efficiently navigate the noisy environment of in-the-wild recordings. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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