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A Probabilistic Approach to Classification of Transients in Power Systems

A Probabilistic Approach to Classification of Transients in ...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： L. S. Safavian W. Kinsner H. Turanli Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents an in-depth study of classification of transients in power systems using two pattern classification methods, namely the maximum-likelihood, and the probabilistic neural networks. These methods, which stem from the Bayes rule, aim at estimating the underlying probability density functions that are required by the Bayes rule, but are often unavailable readily. The paper presents the mathematical foundations of classification using these two methods, followed by their implementation for classification of three types of transients, namely three-phase faults, breaker operations and capacitor switchings. Features used in this study are obtained using the wavelet and multifractal analyses of transient waveforms

关键词： Power system transients Transient analysis Wavelet analysis Fractals Power system faults Pattern classification Maximum likelihood estimation PSCAD signal processing Neural networks

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A Biologically Motivated Phase-Offset to the Piecewise-Linear Model of Instantaneous Heart-Rate Interpolation

A Biologically Motivated Phase-Offset to the Piecewise-Linea...

引用

Firth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics(第五届认知信息国际会议)

作者： M. Potter W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R3T 5V6

This paper formalizes the general theory of instantaneous heart-rate (IHR) interpolation from electrocardiogram RR-intervals. This paper also introduces a novel extension to the current basic piecewise-linear interpolation method which allows the discontinuity of the IHR interpolation to be offset from the R-wave. Thus an entire heart cycle can be modelled with a constant IHR. This phase-offset piecewise-linear IHR interpolation model is derivedfrom the general theory of IHR interpolation and results are demonstrated on some true recorded RR-sequences. Recursive and batch matrix forms are derived. Stable solutions can be found for any offset not equal to it radians, though the IHR calculated with a nonzero offset has a significant change to the HRV statistics. Applications of this method to the synthesis of ECG with natural heart-rate variability is also discussed.

关键词： instantaneous heart-rate IHR heart-rate vari-ability HRV electrocardiogram ECG RR-interval.

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Towards Cognitive Machines: Multiscale Measures and Analysis

Towards Cognitive Machines: Multiscale Measures and Analysis

引用

Firth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics(第五届认知信息国际会议)

作者： W. Kinsner Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 5V6 and the Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences and Telecommunications Research Laboratories TRLabs

Numerous attempts are being made to develop machines that could act not only autonomously, but also in an increasingly intelligent and cognitive manner. Such cognitive machines ought to be aware of their environments which include not only other machines, but also human beings. Such machines ought to understand the meaning of information in more human-like ways by grounding knowledge in the physical wortti and in the machines' own goals. The motivation for developing such machines range from self-evidenced practical reasons such as the expense of computer maintenance, to wearable computing in health care, and gaining a better understanding of the cognitive capabilities of the human brain. To achieve such an ambitious goal requires solutions to many problems, ranging from human perception, attention, concept creation, cognition, consciousness, executive processes guided by emotions and value, and symbiotic conversational human-machine interactions. An important component of this cognitive machine research includes multiscale measures and analysis. This paper presents definitions of cognitive machines, representations of processes, as well as their measurements, measures and analysis. It provides examples from current research, including cognitive radio, cognitive radar, and cognitive monitors.

关键词： Cognitive machines machine perception, learning, cognition intelligent signal processing cognitive informatics.

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compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison of two approaches

Compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison ...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Siddiqui, S. El-Boustani, A. Kinsner, W. Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper presents a comparative study of two approaches that address the problem of compression of arbitrary object boundaries resulting from image segmentation. The first approach uses multiresolution based techniques, in which the boundary is represented compactly by two sets of descriptors and control points which are obtained by applying wavelet and fractal analysis. The midpoint displacement algorithm is then applied to the two sets of control points in order to reconstruct the boundaries with the required fractal dimension. The second approach is based on the iterated function system (IFS). In this approach, the object boundary is regarded as an attractor of an IFS having the same Rényi fractal dimension spectrum as the original boundary. The experimental results show that the multifractal object boundaries can be modelled compactly using both approaches. The compression ratio achieved for the wavelet-based approach was 285:1, while for the IFS-based approach it was 52:1. These results can be compared with state of the art image compression techniques such as JPEG2000. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of heart monitoring

Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of he...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Potter, M. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper introduces a class of synthetic electrocardiograms (ECG) for the purpose of testing the sensitivity and robustness of heart-monitoring techniques in controlled and reproducible simulations. These ECG surrogates are constructed by adapting an existing standard ECG synthesizer to act as a modulator on a tachogram input, enabling null-hypothesis analysis on heart-rate variability. This establishes an empirical link between the tachogram literature and the design of heart monitoring techniques. The new methodology is demonstrated experimentally and its performance is discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to outliers

Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to ou...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Gadhok, N. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper evaluates the outlier sensitivity of five independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms (FastICA, Extended-Infomax, JADE, Radical-ICA, and β-divergence) using (i) the Amari separation performance index, (ii) the optimum angle of rotation error, and (iii) the contrast function difference, in an outlier-contaminated mixture simulation. The Amari separation performance index has revealed a strong sensitivity of JADE and FastICA (using 3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) to outliers. However, the two contrast measures demonstrated conclusively that β-divergence is the least outlier-sensitive algorithm, followed by Radical-ICA, FastICA (exponential and hyperbolic-tangent nonlinearities), Extended-Infomax, JADE, and FastICA (3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) in an outlier-contaminated mixture of two uniformly distributed signals. The novelty of this paper is the development of an unbiased optimization-landscape environment for assessing outlier sensitivity, as well as the optimum angle of rotation error and the contrast function difference as promising new measures for assessing the outlier sensitivity of ICA algorithms. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Independent component analysis

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Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets

Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectr...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Faghfouri, A. Kinsner, W. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper presents the implementation aspects pertinent to the computation of the multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets, and the methods of overcoming them. Multifractals are mixtures of monofractals, and monofractals are self-affine objects that hold power law relationships over several scales. Such multifractals can be detected and measured through a singularity spectrum. Many natural and artificial phenomena such as turbulence, diffusion limited aggregates, and electrical discharges exhibit multifractality. Since these phenomena are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, regular analyses such as Fourier decomposition cannot characterize them effectively. In order to characterize, compare and quantify multifractal objects, appropriate measures such as the Rényi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) and Mandelbrot singularity spectrum (MS) are required. There are two major methods for calculating a singularity spectrum;one is through Legendre transform of the RS, and the other is through the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. This paper provides solutions to the difficulties that arise in the computation of the MS through WTMM, for one-dimensional signals and compares them to the existing multifractal literature and software implementations. Appropriate mother wavelets, continuous wavelet implementation, and thresholding of the wavelet coefficients are also discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： signal processing

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Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of heart monitoring

Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of he...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： M. Potter W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

关键词： Electrocardiography signal analysis Heart

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compression of multifractal object boundaries: a comparison of two approaches

Compression of multifractal object boundaries: a comparison ...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： S. Siddiqui A. El-Boustani W. Kinsner Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a comparative study of two approaches that address the problem of compression of arbitrary object boundaries resulting from image segmentation. The first approach uses multiresolution based techniques, in which the boundary is represented compactly by two sets of descriptors and control points which are obtained by applying wavelet and fractal analysis. The midpoint displacement algorithm is then applied to the two sets of control points in order to reconstruct the boundaries with the required fractal dimension. The second approach is based on the iterated function system (IFS). In this approach, the object boundary is regarded as an attractor of an IFS having the same Renyi fractal dimension spectrum as the original boundary. The experimental results show that the multifractal object boundaries can be modelled compactly using both approaches. The compression ratio achieved for the wavelet-based approach was 285:1, while for the IFS-based approach it was 52:1. These results can be compared with state of the art image compression techniques such as JPEG2000

关键词： Fractals Image coding Image segmentation Transform coding Video compression Shape Curve fitting data compression Laboratories signal resolution

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Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets

Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectr...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Faghfouri W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents the implementation aspects pertinent to the computation of the multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets, and the methods of overcoming them. Multifractals are mixtures of monofractals, and monofractals are self-affine objects that hold power law relationships over several scales. Such multifractals can be detected and measured through a singularity spectrum. Many natural and artificial phenomena such as turbulence, diffusion limited aggregates, and electrical discharges exhibit multifractality. Since these phenomena are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, regular analyses such as Fourier decomposition cannot characterize them effectively. In order to characterize, compare and quantify multifractal objects, appropriate measures such as the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) and Mandelbrot singularity spectrum (MS) are required. There are two major methods for calculating a singularity spectrum; one is through Legendre transform of the RS, and the other is through the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. This paper provides solutions to the difficulties that arise in the computation of the MS through WTMM, for one-dimensional signals and compares them to the existing multifractal literature and software implementations. Appropriate mother wavelets, continuous wavelet implementation, and thresholding of the wavelet coefficients are also discussed

关键词： Fractals Wavelet analysis Continuous wavelet transforms Wavelet transforms Equations data engineering data compression Laboratories Power engineering computing Aggregates

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