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A Relative Fractal Dimension Spectrum as a Complexity Measure

A Relative Fractal Dimension Spectrum as a Complexity Measur...

引用

Firth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics(第五届认知信息国际会议)

作者： W. Kinsner R. Dansereau Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University the Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences and Telecommunications Research Laboratories TRLa

This paper presents a derivation of a new relative fractal dimension spectrum, DRq. to measure the dissimilarity between two finite probability distributions originating from various signals. This measure is an extension of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance and the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum, Dq. Like the KL distance, DRq determines the dissimilarity between two probability distibutions X and Y of the same size, but does it at different scales, while the scalar KL distance is a single-scale measure. Like the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum, the DRq is also a bounded vectorial measure obtained at different scales and for different moment orders, q. However, unlike the Dq, all the elements of the new DRq become zero when X and Y are the same. Experimental results show that this objective measure is consistent with the subjective mean-opinion-score (MOS) when evaluating the perceptual quality of images reconstructed after their compression. Thus, it could also be used in other areas of cognitive informatics.

关键词： Monofractals and multifractals scalar and vector fractal dimensions Rényi generalized entropy, Rényi relative fractal dimension spectrum

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Consonant characterization using correlation fractal dimension for speech recognition

Consonant characterization using correlation fractal dimensi...

引用

Communications, Power and Computing Conference: WESCANEX

作者： A. Langi W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory and TRLabs (Telecommunications Research Laboratories) University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a new and promising approach in characterizing speech consonants using a fractal model for speech recognition systems. Characterization of consonants has been a difficult problem because consonant waveforms may be indistinguishable in time or frequency domain. The approach views consonant waveforms as coming from a turbulent constriction (excitation) in a human speech production system, and thus exhibiting turbulent and noise like time domain appearance. However, it departs from the usual approach by modeling consonant excitation using chaotic dynamical systems capable of generating turbulent and noise-like excitations. The scheme employs correlation fractal dimension and Takens embedding theorem to measure fractal dimension from time-series observation of the dynamical systems. It uses linear predictive coding (LPC) excitation of twenty-two consonant waveforms as the time series. Furthermore, the correlation fractal dimension is calculated using a fast Grassberger algorithm. A preliminary observation shows encouraging results because every consonant results in a unique trend of fractal dimensions for different embedding dimensions and scales.

关键词： Fractals Speech recognition Chaos Noise generators Frequency domain analysis Humans Production systems Time domain analysis Linear predictive coding data compression

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Multifractal analysis and feature extraction of DNA sequences

Multifractal analysis and feature extraction of DNA sequence...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Witold Kinsner Hong Zhang Laboratory Mathematical Sciences Research Institute USA Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents feature extraction and estimations of multifractal measures for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences, and demonstrates the intriguing possibility of identifying biological functionality using information contained within the DNA sequence. We have developed a technique that seeks patterns or correlations in the DNA sequence at a higher level. The technique has three main steps: (i) transforms the DNA sequence symbols into a modified Levy walk, (ii) transforms the Levy walk into a signal spectrum, and (iii) breaks the spectrum into subspectra and treats each of these as an attractor from which the multifractal dimension spectrum is estimated. An optimal minimum window size and volume element size are found for estimation of the multifractal measures. Experimental results show that DNA is a multifractal, and that the multifractality changes depending upon the location (coding or noncoding region) in the sequence.

关键词： Fractals Feature extraction DNA Sequences

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Aquantitative comparison of different mother wavelets for characterizing transients in power systems

Aquantitative comparison of different mother wavelets for ch...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： L.S. Safavian W. Kinsner H. Turanli Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a study of wavelet analysis of transients in power systems. Short-term and non-stationary nature of transients necessitates the use of advanced signal processing techniques in order to detect, characterize and classify them. The paper examines the fundamental properties of a number of mother wavelets, and provides guidelines for the selection of suitable wavelets for the purpose of characterization and extraction of features of transients in power systems. As an indispensable part of such a study, the paper also presents the results of wavelet analysis of typical types of transients obtained using simulation

关键词： Power system transients Transient analysis Wavelet analysis signal analysis Power system simulation Power system analysis computing Wavelet transforms signal processing Guidelines Feature extraction

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A quantitative comparison of different mother wavelets for characterizing transients in power systems

A quantitative comparison of different mother wavelets for c...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Safavian, L.S. Kinsner, W. Turanli, H. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg Man. R3C 2P4 Canada

This paper presents a study of wavelet analysis of transients in power systems. Short-term and nonstationary nature of transients necessitates the use of advanced signal processing techniques in order to detect, characterize and classify them. The paper examines the fundamental properties of a number of mother wavelets, and provides guidelines for the selection of suitable wavelets for the purpose of characterization and extraction of features of transients in power systems. As an indispensable part of such a study, the paper also presents the results of wavelet analysis of typical types of transients obtained using simulation. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Multifractal spectra of lightning strike maps using entropy and wavelet analyses

Multifractal spectra of lightning strike maps using entropy ...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Faghfouri W. Kinsner D. Swatek Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper describes a multifractal analysis of physical lightning strike maps obtained for Manitoba through the Canadian Lightning Detection Network. Cloud-to-ground discharges or lightning strikes are physical phenomena which may have adverse effects on power transmission and delivery. Predicting the geographical and temporal distribution of lightning strike maps through modelling can help power system designers to improve the protection of existing and new power systems and transmission lines. In order to compare the model to physical data, their characterization is required. Since lightning strike maps are highly nonlinear, nonstationary and stochastic, ordinary analyses and measures are insufficient to characterize these phenomena. Since self affinity of the lightning strike maps is the indication of multifractality, complexity measures such as the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) and Mandelbrot singularity spectrum (MS) are appropriate for such fractal analysis. In this paper, we investigate the multifractality of lightning strike maps in Manitoba through the RS and MS. Both methods generate similar results and show that the maps are multifractal. Comparing the range of results with a similar phenomenon, diffusion limited aggregates (DLA), supports the accuracy of calculations as well.

关键词： Fractals Lightning Entropy Wavelet analysis Power system modeling Power system protection Power system analysis computing Power system measurements Transmission line measurements Power transmission

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Fractal modelling of residues in linear predictive coding of speech

Fractal modelling of residues in linear predictive coding of...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Witold Kinsner Epiphany Vera Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences Telecommunications Research Laboratory Canada Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper describes a novel approach of fractal modelling and coding of residuals for excitation in the linear predictive coding of speech. This work was motivated by reducing the bit rate to 1200 bps, while maintaining a good quality of speech. Linear prediction based speech coders differ primarily in the modelling of the residual. The design trade-off in the modelling of the residual is between quality and bit-rate. In this paper fractal modelling is used to model the residual. We show that fractal modelling reduces the bit-rate while maintaining quality. A 6 kbps speech coder was implemented using the piecewise self-affine fractal model. The new coder has a signal-to-noise ratio of 10.9 dB. An informal subjective measure found the perceptual quality to be comparable to that of the 13 kbps GSM coder.

关键词： Fractals Predictive models Linear predictive coding Speech coding Interpolation Magnetic materials Speech recognition signal to noise ratio Speech codecs GSM

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A Probabilistic Approach to Classification of Transients in Power Systems

A Probabilistic Approach to Classification of Transients in ...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： L. S. Safavian W. Kinsner H. Turanli Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents an in-depth study of classification of transients in power systems using two pattern classification methods, namely the maximum-likelihood, and the probabilistic neural networks. These methods, which stem from the Bayes rule, aim at estimating the underlying probability density functions that are required by the Bayes rule, but are often unavailable readily. The paper presents the mathematical foundations of classification using these two methods, followed by their implementation for classification of three types of transients, namely three-phase faults, breaker operations and capacitor switchings. Features used in this study are obtained using the wavelet and multifractal analyses of transient waveforms

关键词： Power system transients Transient analysis Wavelet analysis Fractals Power system faults Pattern classification Maximum likelihood estimation PSCAD signal processing Neural networks

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Classification of transients in power systems using multifractal analysis

Classification of transients in power systems using multifra...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

This paper presents a study of a method for feature extraction and classification of voltage disturbances based on multifractal analysis of a voltage waveform with a transient. In this work, the variance fractal dimension trajectory is used to characterize a transient and to extract its features. The features extracted are a trajectory of fractal dimensions that are calculated over a number of overlapping windows along the transient signal. Based on their extracted features, classification of the transients is carried out using a statistical maximum likelihood classifier, which discriminates between three classes of voltage disturbances such as faults, breaker operations and capacitor switchings. The performance of the classifier is considered with both raw signals and also signals contaminated by noise.

关键词： Power system transients Transient analysis Power system analysis computing Fractals Feature extraction Voltage signal analysis Capacitors Power system faults Frequency

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Challenges in the Design of Adaptive, Intelligent and Cognitive Systems

Challenges in the Design of Adaptive, Intelligent and Cognit...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： W. Kinsner Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences Telecommunications Research Laboratory Canada Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

Numerous attempts are being made to develop machines that could act not only autonomously, but also in an increasingly intelligent and cognitive manner. Such cognitive machines ought to be aware of their environments which include not only other machines, but also human beings. Such machines ought to understand the meaning of information in more human-like ways by grounding knowledge in the physical world and in the machines' own goals. The motivation for developing such machines range from self-evidenced practical reasons such as the expense of computer maintenance, to wearable computing in health care, and gaining a better understanding of the cognitive capabilities of the human brain. To achieve such an ambitious goal requires solutions to many problems, ranging from human perception, attention, concept creation, cognition, consciousness, executive processes guided by emotions and value, and symbiotic conversational human-machine interactions. This paper discusses some of the challenges emerging from this new design paradigm, including systemic problems, design issues, teaching the subjects to undergraduate students in electrical and computer engineering programs, research related to design.

关键词： Intelligent systems Humans Machine intelligence Wearable computers Grounding Medical services Cognition Symbiosis Man machine systems Education

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