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compression of aerial ortho images based on image denoising

Compression of aerial ortho images based on image denoising

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data compression Conference (DCC)

作者： A. Langi W. Kinsner TR Laboratories Telecommunications Research Laboratories Winnipeg MAN Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

Abstract only given. Discusses the compression of an important class of computer images, called aerial ortho images, that result from geodetic transformation computations [Kinsner, 1994]. The computations introduce numerical noise, making the images nearly incompressible losslessly because of their high entropy. The use of classical lossy compression schemes is also not desirable because their effects on the original image are unknown. We then propose the use of image denoising coupled with lossless image compression, that preserves selected image characteristics. Two denoising schemes for a compression ratio of 2:1 are compared. The first scheme is based on a Donoho's (1992) wavelet shrinking scheme which preserves image smoothness. We study the effect of various shrinking parameter values on the compression ratio and image quality, where 35.5 dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is obtained for a compression ratio of 2.03:1. This approach preserves high-frequency information, so that sharp edges do not become blurred as in classical filtering methods. This is critically important, because the main feature of ortho images is in its flatness and its precision of edge position. The second scheme is based on preserving pixel predictability [Kostelich and Schreiber, 1993), leading to a variant of planar predictive coding. This approach adds, to the edge preserving capability, the limitation in pixel deviation between the original and denoised images to be within one grayscale level. As a result, two different predictive coding schemes achieve a compression ratio of 2:1 at 49.9 dB and 51.2 dB PSNR.

关键词： Image coding Image denoising PSNR Predictive coding Entropy Noise reduction Image quality Information filtering Information filters Pixel

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Comparison of entropy-based characterization of lightning strike maps using planar and spherical coordinates

Comparison of entropy-based characterization of lightning st...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Faghfouri W. Kinsner D. Swatek Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Insulation Engineering and Testing Department Manitoba Hydro Winnipeg MAN Canada

In this paper, effects of including the curvature of the Earth in the characterization of the lightning strike maps (LSMs) are studied. Lightning strikes can adversely affect the power generation and distribution systems, and behaviour prediction of such LSMs is of interest for protection and planning in the power industry. Characterization is one of the important stages of the behaviour prediction. We have shown that multifractal measures such as the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) are appropriate for characterization of such LSMs which are self-affine. The computation of the RS is based on estimating the probability density function (pdf) of the lightning strikes distribution. Since the LSMs range from very large to low densities over a large geographical area such as Manitoba, computing this pdf in planar coordinates is subject to a nonlinear error due to the curvature of the Earth. Thus, modelling and calculating the maps in spherical coordinates yields a better estimation of the pdf. The data of the LSMs have been collected by the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) during the year 2002. The LSMs of Manitoba are characterized through regular (using planar coordinates) and modified (using spherical coordinates) RS techniques. The results indicate that regular RS technique alters the characteristics of the feature space, especially in latitudinal direction, and causes sparser features in the feature space, while using the modified RS technique alleviates all these problems, and provides a more accurate characterization which is necessary for a reliable classification of the maps

关键词： Lightning Earth Fractals Power generation planning Power system protection Power system planning Power industry Distributed computing Probability density function Yield estimation

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Multifractal characterization and fuzzy classification of lightning strike maps

Multifractal characterization and fuzzy classification of li...

引用

Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

This paper investigates optimal classification of lightning strike maps (LSMs), using regular and fuzzy K-means classifiers. It also describes a novel approach for measurements of the physical LSMs. Lightning strikes are physical phenomena, which have adverse effects on power transmission. Modelling and classification of the LSMs can lead to prediction of their time-space behaviour, and enhance the protection of the existing and new power systems and transmission lines. Prediction requires the classification of the simulated results and physical data, and comparing them together using characterization. Since the LSMs are highly nonlinear, nonstationary, and stochastic, ordinary models and analyses are incapable of simulating and characterizing these phenomena. Since self-affinity of such maps is an indication of multifractality, percolation models and complexity measures such as the Renyi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) and Mandelbrot singularity spectrum (MS) are utilized. The data of the LSMs have been obtained through the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) for Manitoba in the year 2002. The data have been characterized by both the RS and MS. Features have been extracted using the RS. Classification employed the regular and fuzzy K-means methods. For each classification method, 50 tests have been utilized, and classification performance for 2 to 15 classes has been investigated through Davis-Bouldin criterion. The fuzzy K-means classifier identified 6 optimal classes with a confidence level of 0.78, while the regular K-means algorithm could not distinguish the classes.

关键词： Fractals Lightning Power system modeling Power system simulation Predictive models Power system protection Transmission line measurements Power transmission Power system analysis computing Power system measurements

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Comparison of entropy-based characterization of lightning strike maps using planar and spherical coordinates

Comparison of entropy-based characterization of lightning st...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2005

作者： Faghfouri, A. Kinsner, W. Swatek, D. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada Insulation Engineering and Testing Department Manitoba Hydro 1840 Chervier Blvd. Winnipeg Man. R3C 2P4 Canada

In this paper, effects of including the curvature of the Earth in the characterization of the lightning strike maps (LSMs) are studied. Lightning strikes can adversely affect the power generation and distribution systems, and behaviour prediction of such LSMs is of interest for protection and planning in the power industry. Characterization is one of the important stages of the behaviour prediction. We have shown that multifractal measures such as the Rényi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) are appropriate for characterization of such LSMs which are self-affine. The computation of the RS is based on estimating the probability density function (pdf) of the lightning strikes distribution. Since the LSMs range from very large to low densities over a large geographical area such as Manitoba, computing this pdf in planar coordinates is subject to a nonlinear error due to the curvature of the Earth. Thus, modelling and calculating the maps in spherical coordinates yields a better estimation of the pdf. The data of the LSMs have been collected by the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) during the year 2002. The LSMs of Manitoba are characterized through regular (using planar coordinates) and modified (using spherical coordinates) RS techniques. The results indicate that regular RS technique alters the characteristics of the feature space, especially in latitudinal direction, and causes sparser features in the feature space, while using the modified RS technique alleviates all these problems, and provides a more accurate characterization which is necessary for a reliable classification of the maps. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Lightning

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Multifractal characterization for classification of self-affine signals

Multifractal characterization for classification of self-aff...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： R.L. Barry W. Kinsner J. Pear T. Martin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Department of Psychology TRLabs (Telecommunications Research Laboratories) Winnipeg Manitoba Canada

In this paper, a novel multifractal approach to the classification of unknown self-affine signals is presented as an improvement over traditional traffic signal classifiers. The fundamental advantages of using multifractal measures include normalization and a very high compression ratio of a signature of the traffic, thereby leading to faster implementations, and the ability to add new traffic classes without redesigning the traffic classifier. The variance fractal dimension trajectory is used to provide a multifractal "signature" for each type of traffic over its duration, and the modelling of its statistical histograms provides further compression and generalization. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data, and the k-means clustering algorithm is used to determine the number of classes in the multifractal signatures. A probabilistic neural network is then trained with these signatures, and its performance on classifying unknown traffic is used to indicate the most likely number of classes in the data.

关键词： Fractals Traffic control Telecommunication traffic Communication system traffic control Telecommunication computing Neural networks Video recording Local area networks Wide area networks ISDN

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Towards cognitive analysis of DNA

Towards cognitive analysis of DNA

引用

IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Witold Kinsner Experimental Media Research Group Telecommunications Research Laboratories Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences Canada Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

Summary form only given. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has become one of the most examined molecules on the planet. Scientist around the world have been trying to unravel its secrets for many purposes. For example, genetic information is currently used to raise better plants and animals, create enhanced pharmaceuticals for humans, and for gene therapy in medicine. Science as a whole has benefited from the study of genetics because of the increased understanding of biological process that all organisms share. In recent decades, a significant amount of research has been directed towards sequencing and understanding the entire human genome through the Human Genome Project (HGP) launched in 1986. The goal of the HGP was to find the location of the approximately 1×105 human genes, and read all the sequence of human genome (about 3×109 base pairs, bp). An exponential grow rate of that research has resulted in reaching the goal by 2003. Similarly, the speed of finding genes and their locations is also increasing rapidly. On the other hand, the traditional methods of finding genes and their location at chromatosomes through testing their biological function have been inherently slow. Although numerous faster techniques have been developed, there is still a need to augment them with new approaches. Therefore, robust computational solutions to the gene-finding problem could provide a valuable resource for the HGP and for the molecular-biology community. Most of the current research in the deciphering the meaning of DNA sequences is approached from the lowest base-pair level. Its main objective is to search for patterns or correlations existing in the DNA sequence related to codons, amino acids, and proteins. A number of gene-finding systems have been developed in recent decades. These systems use a variety of sophisticated computational data-miming techniques, including neural networks, dynamic programming, rule-based methods, decision trees, probability reasoning, hidden Marko

关键词： DNA Fractals Bioinformatics Cognitive informatics Computers Genomics Humans

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Hadamard-Craigen error correcting codes

Hadamard-Craigen error correcting codes

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： R. Craigen N. Gadhok S. Silverman W. Kinsner Department of Mathematics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada Department of Mathematics and Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a block coding scheme based on a new construction of block-circulant Hadamard matrices. We describe this unified construction of Hadamard matrices of order 2/sup t/p where p is any odd number and t/spl ges/4 (depends on p), explaining how the block-circulant structure of the matrices contributes to more efficient coding. We introduce HC codes that can be implemented in software with relatively short encoding and decoding times. An HC matrix is compact in that it can be represented in its entirety by its first 2/sup t-1/ rows. Experiments show that the HC(64,7,32) code is better than the BCH(63,7,31) code by 1.5 dB and 2.8 dB over the corresponding uncoded data at SNR of 3 dB.

关键词： Error correction codes Error correction Autocorrelation data compression Laboratories Block codes Decoding Protection Channel coding Bit error rate

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Towards Cognitive Machines: Multiscale Measures and Analysis

Towards Cognitive Machines: Multiscale Measures and Analysis

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Firth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics(第五届认知信息国际会议)

作者： W. Kinsner Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 5V6 and the Institute of Industrial Mathematical Sciences and Telecommunications Research Laboratories TRLabs

Numerous attempts are being made to develop machines that could act not only autonomously, but also in an increasingly intelligent and cognitive manner. Such cognitive machines ought to be aware of their environments which include not only other machines, but also human beings. Such machines ought to understand the meaning of information in more human-like ways by grounding knowledge in the physical wortti and in the machines' own goals. The motivation for developing such machines range from self-evidenced practical reasons such as the expense of computer maintenance, to wearable computing in health care, and gaining a better understanding of the cognitive capabilities of the human brain. To achieve such an ambitious goal requires solutions to many problems, ranging from human perception, attention, concept creation, cognition, consciousness, executive processes guided by emotions and value, and symbiotic conversational human-machine interactions. An important component of this cognitive machine research includes multiscale measures and analysis. This paper presents definitions of cognitive machines, representations of processes, as well as their measurements, measures and analysis. It provides examples from current research, including cognitive radio, cognitive radar, and cognitive monitors.

关键词： Cognitive machines machine perception, learning, cognition intelligent signal processing cognitive informatics.

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Impact of low-rate sampling on the reconstruction of ECG in phase-space

Impact of low-rate sampling on the reconstruction of ECG in ...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： B. Huang W. Kinsner Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Manitoba Univ. Winnipeg Man. Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper examines the chaotic and multifractal characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG) through its time series. Although multifractalities exist in the reconstructed strange attractor we find some limitations of strange attractor reconstruction from low-rate sampled (333 Hz) ECG signals by investigating the convergence of the false nearest neighbours and the Renyi dimension. The reconstruction parameters, lag of 4 and embedding dimension of 7, are obtained from experiments.

关键词： Sampling methods Electrocardiography Biomedical measurements Nonlinear dynamical systems Fractals Chaos Convergence Rhythm Time measurement Frequency

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A radio transmitter fingerprinting system ODO-1

A radio transmitter fingerprinting system ODO-1

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： J. Toonstra W. Kinsner Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Manitoba Univ. Winnipeg Man. Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a new method for the capture, analysis, and classification of radio transmitter transients. This method involves the use of a capturing subsystem consisting of an Icom IC-R7000 communications receiver and a Sound Blaster 16 sound card running on a PC. The radio transients are sampled at 44,100 samples per second and have 16 bits accuracy. Once the transmitter transient has been captured, a genetic algorithm selects the critical features from the wavelet coefficients for classification. The selected wavelet coefficients are considered to be fingerprints, and are presented to a back propagation neural network for transmitter classification. The capturing and analysis system, ODO-1, is able to classify both transients of the same model type as well as individual transmitters with 100% accuracy on a small data base of transmitter fingerprints.

关键词： Radio transmitters Fingerprint recognition Transient analysis Genetic algorithms Wavelet analysis Loudspeakers Wavelet coefficients Neural networks Frequency synthesizers Algorithm design and analysis

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