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Estimation of elliptically contoured mixture models for hyperspectral imaging data

Estimation of elliptically contoured mixture models for hype...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： M.D. Farrell R.M. Mersereau Center for Signal & Image Processing School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) has become a popular method for representing the statistical variability of spectrally inhomogeneous hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data. Finite mixture models can be applied to image segmentation, which can be considered a sort of blind classification, which is useful when there is no a priori information available about the materials in the scene. However, the GMM approach can be insufficient for many HSI data sets since the Gaussian has fixed narrow tails, uncharacteristic of operational HSI data. Elliptically contoured distributions (ECDs), specifically the multivariate t, have been shown to better fit HSI data. In this paper we develop mixtures of ECDs for the task of robustly modeling hyperspectral image data. An approach based on the EM algorithm is developed for concurrently estimating all parameters in a t mixture, assuming nothing but that the number of components are known. Results from the automatic segmentation of AVIRIS data illustrate the utility of t mixture models using this EM approach for parameter estimation.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Hyperspectral sensors Layout Probability distribution image segmentation Robustness Parameter estimation Shape control signal processing image processing

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Near field imaging of subsurface targets using active arrays and elastic waves

Near field imaging of subsurface targets using active arrays...

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IEEE Digital signal processing Workshop

作者： M. Alam J.H. McClellan Center of Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This paper presents a time-reversal based approach for detecting the positions of subsurface passive targets like landmines. The measurements are made by using sources and sensors placed on the surface. The imaging algorithm uses the seismic waves reflected from the targets, and measured on the surface. A time-reversal based algorithm is used, which utilizes the possible link between the time-reversal matrix and the covariance matrix used in standard array processing. It is shown that the time-reversal matrix can be used to estimate the near field DOA and range parameters using a 2D MUSIC approach.

关键词： signal processing algorithms Surface waves Green's function methods Covariance matrix Reflection Soil measurements Rayleigh scattering Particle scattering Seismic measurements Seismic waves

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A comparison of the octave-band directional filter bank and gabor filters for texture classification

A comparison of the octave-band directional filter bank and ...

引用

2004 International Conference on image processing, ICIP 2004

作者： Hong, Paul S. Kaplan, Lance M. Smith, Mark J. T. Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA 30314 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780385543

This paper investigates the similarities between Gabor filters and the octave-band directional filter bank (OBDFB) with respect to texture classification. Both decompositions can discriminate angularly and radially in the 2-D frequency domain;however, the OBDFB has a computationally efficient implementation that makes it an attractive alternative to Gabor filters. An analysis of local energy features from Gabor filters and the OBDFB is presented showing similarities between their texture features. Texture classification experiments using both decompositions show comparable classification accuracy. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Textures

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Protein secondary structure prediction with semi Markov HMMs

Protein secondary structure prediction with semi Markov HMMs

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Z. Aydin Y. Altunbasak M. Borodovsky Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Schools of Biology and Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Secondary structure prediction has been an essential task in determining the structure and function of proteins. Prediction accuracy is improving every year towards the estimated 88% theoretical limit (Rost. B., http://***/papers/2002 rev dekker/***). There are two approaches for the secondary structure prediction. The first one, ab initio (single sequence) prediction, does not use any homology information. The evolutionary information, if available, is used by the second approach to improve the prediction accuracy by a few percentages (Schmidler, S.C. et al., J. Computational Biology, vol.7, no.1/2, p.233-48, 2000). We address the problem of single sequence prediction by developing a semi Markov HMM, similar to the one proposed by Schmidler et al. We introduce a better dependency model by considering the statistically significant amino acid correlation patterns at segment borders. Also, we propose an internal dependency model considering right to left dependencies without modifying the left to right HMM topology. In addition, we propose an iterative training method to estimate the HMM parameters better. Putting all these together, we obtained 1.5% improvement in three-state-per-residue accuracy.

关键词： Proteins Hidden Markov models Accuracy Sequences Estimation theory Computational biology Biological system modeling Amino acids Topology Iterative methods

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Protein secondary structure prediction with semi Markov HMMs

Protein secondary structure prediction with semi Markov HMMs

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

Secondary structure prediction has been an essential task in determining the structure and function of the proteins. Prediction accuracy is improving every year towards the 88% estimated theoretical limit. There are two approaches for the secondary structure prediction. The first one, ab initio (single sequence) prediction does not use any homology information. The evolutionary information, if available, is used by the second approach to improve the prediction accuracy by a few percentages. In this paper, we address the problem of single sequence prediction by developing a semi Markov HMM, similar to the one proposed by Schmidler et al.. We introduce a better dependency model by considering the statistically significant amino acid correlation patterns at segment borders. Also, we propose an internal dependency model considering right to left dependencies without modifying the left to right HMM topology. In addition, we propose an iterative training method to better estimate the HMM parameters. Putting all these together, we obtained 1.5% improvement in three-state-per-residue accuracy.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Amino acids Accuracy Bonding Testing Protein engineering Protein sequence Hydrogen Machine learning Statistical analysis

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Efficient memory management control for H.264

Efficient memory management control for H.264

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： H. Chung A. Ortega Integrated Media Systems Center Signal and Image Processing Institute Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

Multiframe motion compensated prediction can achieve high prediction gain with additional frame buffer memory requirement. For mobile-telephony applications which utilize mobile processor and relatively small memory space, reducing the memory requirement is very important. In this paper, we propose an efficient memory management control technique, which reduces memory requirement for storing reference frames at the decoder side. Our proposed technique is a frame-based memory management scheme which discards the reference frames that are least important in terms of prediction gain performance. The optimal solution for this problem requires checking all the rate performance degradation for all the combination of discarded reference frames and therefore we propose a greedy search that checks a subset of reference frame combinations.

关键词： Memory management Decoding Motion compensation Degradation Video compression Cache memory Encoding Delay signal processing image processing

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Multiple-mode Kalman filtering with node selection using bearings-only measurements

Multiple-mode Kalman filtering with node selection using bea...

引用

Southeastern Symposium on System Theory

作者： Qiang Le L.M. Kaplan J.H. McClellan CTSPS Department of Engineering Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA USA Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This work investigates multiple-mode tracking method with node selection using bearings-only measurements. We combine multiple-mode extended Kalman filter with node resource management to conserve energy while tracking a maneuvering target. Experiments using real data show that the MM adapts quicker to target maneuvers than the realizable single-mode tracker. Additional experiments show that the simplex node selection leads to better geolocation performance compared to the closest node selection when the number of active nodes is set to two.

关键词： Kalman filters Filtering Target tracking Resource management Batteries Military computing Intelligent sensors Direction of arrival estimation Electric variables measurement signal processing

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Direction-of-arrival estimation of wideband sources using arbitrary shaped multidimensional arrays

Direction-of-arrival estimation of wideband sources using ar...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yeo-Sun Yoon L.M. Kaplan J.H. McClellan Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA CTSPS Department of Engineering Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA USA

We generalize a new incoherent wideband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm that provides higher resolution than traditional incoherent techniques. The new method is able to better adjust its beam response when multiple sources are present than incoherent MUSIC. The original algorithm was designed to work strictly for an uniform linear array. In this paper, we demonstrate how to generalize the algorithm to work over arbitrary 1D or 2D arrays. We demonstrate the higher resolution of the new algorithm against incoherent MUSIC for 1D and 2D arrays using simulations of two source signals.

关键词： Direction of arrival estimation Wideband Multidimensional systems Frequency estimation Matrix decomposition Narrowband Multiple signal classification Sensor arrays signal resolution Wireless communication

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A comparison of the octave-band directional filter bank and Gabor filters for texture classification

A comparison of the octave-band directional filter bank and ...

引用

IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： P.S. Hong L.M. Kaplan M.J.T. Smith Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems Clark Atlanta University Atlanta Georgia School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA

This paper investigates the similarities between Gabor filters and the octave-band directional filter bank (OBDFB) with respect to texture classification. Both decompositions can angularly and radially discriminate in the 2-D frequency domain; however, the OB-DFB has a computationally efficient implementation that makes it an attractive alternative to Gabor filters. An analysis of local energy features from Gabor filters and the OBDFB is presented showing similarities between their texture features. Texture classification experiments using both decompositions show comparable classification accuracy.

关键词： Filter bank Gabor filters Feature extraction image processing Frequency domain analysis image texture analysis Pixel signal processing Physics computing Systems engineering and theory

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Spectral modification for digital singing voice synthesis using asymmetric generalized Gaussians

Spectral modification for digital singing voice synthesis us...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： M.E. Lee M.J.T. Smith Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA

This paper examines the problem of modelling and resynthesis of voiced song with the goal of improving the subjective performance quality. A set of methods is introduced based on the sinusoidal model for speech which enables precise modification of spectral characteristics as well as vibrato structure while maintaining the original speech quality and naturalness of the voice. Spectral characteristics are modified by modelling the formant structure with a set of asymmetric generalized Gaussians. Subjective tests were conducted which show that the proposed methods are effective in providing high quality modifications to vocal characteristics.

关键词： Gaussian processes Frequency Resonance Speech analysis signal synthesis signal processing image processing Testing Character recognition Speech recognition

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