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Direct estimation of musical pitch contour from audio data

Direct estimation of musical pitch contour from audio data

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： A.S. Durey M.A. Clements Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA

The increasing amount of music being stored in digital formats calls for increasingly more creative methods for music information retrieval. One subset of music retrieval methods relies on storing a melody in a pitch contour representation. Most often, this contour information is generated either from symbolic format (MIDI) or from raw audio after a pitch transcription step. We propose a method of extracting pitch contour information from musical audio without an intermediate transcription step by combining a musically-tuned constant Q transform with crosscorrelation. When tested on a database of 520 monophonic music recordings, our method generates pitch contours from raw audio data with up to 98% accuracy.

关键词： Music information retrieval Multiple signal classification Data mining Audio databases signal processing image processing image retrieval Testing Audio recording Web sites

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New signal subspace direction-of-arrival estimator for wideband sources

New signal subspace direction-of-arrival estimator for wideb...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yeo-Sun Yoon L.M. Kaplan J.H. McClellan Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA CTSPS Dept. of Engineering Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA

signal subspace methods in DOA estimation for wideband sources require preprocessing to find initial values which are close enough to the true values or to convert sensor outputs into desired forms. The preprocessing procedure should be carefully done lest it introduce some distortion. Failure to find proper initial values may prevent convergence of the estimator or cause biases in the estimator. The proposed method detects uncorrelated wideband sources using the signal subspace and the noise subspace of decomposed wideband signals. It does not require any initial values. The only preprocessing is narrowband decomposition of the sensor output which is very common in other wideband methods. Computer simulation showed that the proposed method has less bias than and comparable variance to CSSM with small focusing errors.

关键词： Wideband Direction of arrival estimation Narrowband Frequency estimation Array signal processing Multiple signal classification Collaboration Government signal processing image processing

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image coding based on multiple projections and multistage vector quantization

Image coding based on multiple projections and multistage ve...

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： K. Demirciler A. Ortega Integrated Media Systems Center Signal and Image Processing Institute Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California USA

The vast majority of practical image coding systems used today are based on the transform coding paradigm, where image blocks are projected into a series of basis functions, and the expansion coefficients are subsequently quantized. In this paper we introduce a novel constrained vector quantizer (VQ), which we call seg-VQ. As an extension of the transform coding framework, in our approach codevectors are constrained to be located on a series of line segments in the multidimensional space. These segments are designed sequentially based on a training set. The advantages of seg-VQ are twofold: first, the encoding complexity is proportional to the number of segments rather than to the number of codevectors, and second, it can efficiently exploit the directional preferences (correlations) in sources such as images. For image sources, at low dimensions (e.g., 4 by 4 blocks), at the same encoding complexity with TSVQ, seg-VQ outperforms TSVQ by 0.5 dB at 0.4375 bpp achieving a performance close to unconstrained VQ obtained by pairwise nearest neighbor (PNN) initialized GLA. At higher dimensions (e.g., 8 by 8 blocks) we use multistage seg-VQ where the input block (as in transform coding) is projected into a series of segments in order to be quantized.

关键词： image coding Vector quantization Transform coding image segmentation Encoding Multidimensional systems signal processing image processing Nearest neighbor searches image reconstruction

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Multi-channel spectrum analysis of surface waves

Multi-channel spectrum analysis of surface waves

引用

Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & Computers

作者： M. Alam J.H. McClellan W.R. Scott Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Spectrum analysis of surface waves (SASW) is one of the most effective non-invasive methods for soil characterization. Surface waves travel in the medium along a free boundary and can be easily detected by using a transducer placed on the free surface of the boundary. Traditional methods of SASW are two-station methods that use the phase information at two receivers to determine phase velocity as a function of frequency. Multi-station methods have also been developed by using a two-dimensional Fourier transform approach, but these methods exhibit poor resolution. We propose a new method based on vector processing of data obtained from an array of tri-axial sensors to produce a high resolution, multi-modal spectrum of the surface waves. These different modes can be identified and reconstructed in time domain, and then inverted to obtain the shear velocity profile of the subsurface.

关键词： Surface waves Frequency Sensor arrays Rough surfaces Surface roughness Fourier transforms Surface reconstruction Amplitude estimation Polarization Parametric statistics

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Exploration of linear discriminant analysis for transform coding in distributed image classification

Exploration of linear discriminant analysis for transform co...

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & Computers

作者： H. Xie A. Ortega Integrated Media Systems Center Signal and Image Processing Institute Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

In this paper, we address the issue of feature compression for distributed image classification systems. Such systems often extract a set of features, such as color, texture and shape, from the raw image data and store them as content descriptors. Users on the network search and exchange information with each other using feature data that contains sufficient information for image classification/retrieval. A query is formed at the client by extracting the features from the sample image, having them compressed and transmitted to the remote server. The corresponding image is classified through comparing the query feature vector with all the entries in the database and finding the most similar ones. We pose this problem as a statistical classification problem and consider the design of a transform coding scheme minimizing the detrimental effect of compression. Different from traditional transform coding which was designed to provide the best reconstruction from compressed data, here the goal is to preserve the separation between the feature vectors generated by different classes. Linear discriminant analysis is used due to the property that discrimination information is preserved in lowest dimensional space in transform domain, so that efficient scalar quantization and entropy coding can be applied to the transform coefficients. We propose a greedy algorithm to perform bit allocation in transform domain such that classification information from all dimensions can be employed in quantizer design. We show that our proposed transform coding scheme achieves much better classification performance than traditional KLT transform coding, based on both real data (Brodatz textures) and synthesized random source.

关键词： Linear discriminant analysis Transform coding image classification image coding Data mining Shape Information retrieval image retrieval Feature extraction Network servers

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Fast long-term motion estimation for H.264 using multiresolution search

Fast long-term motion estimation for H.264 using multiresolu...

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： H. Chung D. Romacho A. Ortega Integrated Media Systems Center Signal and Image Processing Institute Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Escola Tkcnica Superior d Enginyeria de Telecomunicacióde Barcelona Universitat Poliltècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

In this paper, we propose an adaptive motion search window location algorithm which incorporates multiresolution motion estimation information and the motion vector information predicted from neighboring encoded blocks. To reduce the computational complexity, we employ the spatial and temporal search range reduction that we proposed in H. Chung, A. Ortega (2002). Our proposed fast search is implemented and tested in the emerging H.264 encoder reference software (JM5.0c). The proposed motion estimation algorithm is implemented in the low-complexity mode of motion estimation and mode decision (T. Wiegand (2002)). We compare the proposed algorithm with the full-search method which checks the distortion values of all the candidates in the given search area. With respect to the full-search method, our proposed algorithm has two advantages. First, due to the spatial and temporal search range reduction, our algorithm is faster. Second, due to the multiresolution search, our proposed algorithm can use larger motion search range with small additional complexity. The proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation with slight increase in bit rate as compared to a full-search that covers the same motion range over which our proposed fast search operates. The proposed algorithm provides particularly significant gains for video sequences that contain large motions.

关键词： Motion estimation Spatial resolution signal resolution Computational complexity Motion compensation Bit rate Video sequences Decoding signal processing image processing

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Synchronous and asynchronous distributed DSP education 14

Synchronous and asynchronous distributed DSP education

引用

14th International Conference on Digital signal processing, DSP 2002

作者： Hayes, Monson H. Jackson, JoeI R. Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780375033

The Georgia Tech Regional engineering Program (GTREP) was originally created to provide the opportunity for students in southeastern Georgia to earn a Georgia Tech undergraduate engineering degree without leaving the region. Students complete two years of general education and engineering prerequisites at their home institutions before beginning the Georgia Tech curriculum as juniors. Georgia Tech courses are taught both by local faculty in southeast Georgia and remotely by faculty on the main campus. This system is further complicated by the fact that courses are delivered to three partner institutions as well as the GTREP facilities. The GTREP program is an ideal test bed for novel distributed education methods. In this paper, we present some results for the combined approach we have developed, and outline plans for future scaling as the GTREP program expands. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Pruned multi-angle resolution fast beam-forming

Pruned multi-angle resolution fast beam-forming

引用

IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel signal processing Workshop, SAME 2002

作者： Yoon, Yeo-Sun Kaplan, Lance M. McClellan, James H. Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332-0250 United States Dept. of Engineering CTSPS Clark Atlanta University AtlantaGA303 14 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780375513

Delay-and-sum (DS) beam-forming is one of the basic beam-forming methods, and it is effective for both narrow- And wide-band sources. However, DS beam-forming exhibits high computational complexity. Recently, a fast multistage approximation of DS beam-forming was introduced. In order to further improve the computational efficiency of the fast beam-former, we have integrated a detector into the intermediate stages of the fast algorithm. This detector can save computations by stopping further processing to resolve benign angular sectors that do not contain a coherent source. The joint fast detector beam-former was tested using various wideband signals such as spread spectrum signals used in wireless communications. This technique should provide a useful direction finding solution in wireless communications and target localization applications. In addition, the fast algorithm can find initial values for high resolution direction-of-arrivals estimators such as coherent signal subspace methods. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Computational efficiency

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Multiresolution Quadtree Beamformer

Multiresolution Quadtree Beamformer

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Seung-mok Oh James H. McClellan Center for Signal and Image Processing Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA

The delay-sum beamformer (DSBF) is a space-time domain beamforming,method that performs coherent summation of sensor data. However, the computational complexity of finding the steered response over all angles is O(N 3 ). In this paper, an O(N 2 log 2 N) space-time domain beamforming algorithm it is proposed. This fast algorithm does not require uniform sensor spacing. It is called Quadtree Beamformer (QBF) because it is based on the iterative subband spectral decomposition method that has been used in the Quadtree BackProjection SAR imaging algorithm. The QBF is implemented by recursively performing a spectral decomposition process over the space-time domain sensor array data. It also provides intermediate stage data that can be used for multi-angle multiresolution beamforming.

关键词： Arrays Complexity theory Three dimensional displays signal resolution image resolution Array signal processing Imaging

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Digital singing voice synthesis using a new alternating reflection model

Digital singing voice synthesis using a new alternating refl...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： M.E. Lee M.J.T. Smith Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Many models for computer generated singing voices have been proposed in the past and have been shown to produce a wide variety of synthesized voices. While many of these models are capable of synthesizing a particular singing voice with high musical quality, they typically are challenged with respect to naturalness, range, the ability to synthesize both male and female voices, as well as the ability to capture the identity of the singer. The analysis-by-synthesis/overlap-add (ABS/OLA) sinusoidal model has proven to be effective in producing high quality voices with manageable computational cost. It is based on the combination of a block overlap-add sinusoidal representation and an analysis-by-synthesis parameter estimation technique. ABS/OLA is flexible enough to allow for modifications such as time and pitch scaling; however, it can suffer from quality degradation under such conditions. This paper presents an analysis/synthesis model that incorporates new methods to improve synthesis. These improvements add to the naturalness and flexibility in controlling perceptually important musical characteristics.

关键词： Reflection signal synthesis Degradation Frequency modulation signal processing image processing signal generators Speech analysis Quality management Costs

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