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1998 23rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and signal processing, ICASSP 1998

作者： Nilubol, Chanin Pham, Quoc H. Mersereau, Russell M. Smith, Mark J. T. Clements, Mark A. Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780344286

This paper discusses the application of hidden Markov models (HMMs) to solve the translational and rotational invariant automatic target recognition (TRIATR) problem associated with SAR imagery. This approach is based on a cascade of these stages: preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and classification. Preprocessing and feature extraction and selection involve successive applications of extraction operations from measurements of the Radon transform of target chips. The features which are invariant to changes in rotation, position and shifts, although not to changes in scale are optimized through the use of feature selection techniques. The classification stage successively takes as its inputs the multidimensional multiple observation sequences, parameterizes them statistically using continuous density models to capture target and background appearance variability, and thus results in the TRIATR-HMMs. Experimental results have demonstrated that the recognition rate is as high as 99% over both the training set and the testing set. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic target recognition

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Fractal interpolation of images and volumes

Fractal interpolation of images and volumes

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & Computers

作者： J.R. Price M.H. Hayes Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology USA

We present a method for constructing fractal interpolation surfaces and volumes through points sampled on rectangular lattices. Unlike other surface constructions ours uses rectangular rather than triangular tilings, halving the number of required parameters. This method is no more complex than previous constructions and yet does not suffer from their limitations. Additionally, our construction extends easily to volumetric interpolation, for which there were no previous (continuous) constructions. In addition to an example with synthetic data, a real image is interpolated using a fractal surface. Limitations and possible improvements are mentioned.

关键词： Fractals Interpolation Data visualization signal processing image processing Lattices Surface fitting Rendering (computer graphics) Smoothing methods Speech

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Perceptual relevance of objectively measured descriptors for speaker characterization

Perceptual relevance of objectively measured descriptors for...

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1998 23rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and signal processing, ICASSP 1998

作者： Necioglu, Burhan F. Clements, Mark A. Barnwell, Thomas P. Schmidt-Nielsen, Astrid Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Code 5513 Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave SW Washington DC 20375 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780344286

Subjective testing of speaker recognizability is an intricate, time consuming and very expensive process, but using objectively measurable descriptors to augment the subjective speaker recognizability tests could result in increased efficiency and reliability. This paper describes our investigation into the relevancy of a set of objective descriptors to human perception of speaker identity through multidimensional scaling (MDS) of subjective speaker pair similarity judgments. The evaluated objective descriptors can achieve same/different detection error rates as low as 4.13% for male speaker pairs, and 8.17% for female speaker pairs, with only 3 seconds of speech. Five descriptors related to glottal, vocal tract and prosodic features were found to have significant correlations with the perceptual dimensions of the MDS solutions. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Subjective testing

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A directional image decomposition for ultra-wideband SAR

A directional image decomposition for ultra-wideband SAR

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： R. Rau J.H. McClellan Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the structure of wide angle, ultra-wideband SAR images formed by a constant integration angle backprojection image former. It is shown that the effects of the image former can be modeled as a filtering operation on the original data. Furthermore, SAR images for different squint angles can be obtained from the original images by directional filtering. As a result, it is shown that perfect reconstructing directional filterbanks can be used as a unitary transform between SAR images and a 3-D representation containing additional aspect-angle information. It is demonstrated, how this new representation can be used to enhance targets.

关键词： image decomposition Ultra wideband technology Radar antennas Filtering Data mining Geometry Strips Fourier transforms signal processing image processing

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Hidden Markov models for face recognition

Hidden Markov models for face recognition

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： A.V. Nefian M.H. Hayes Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The work presented in this paper focuses on the use of hidden Markov models for face recognition. A new method based on the extraction of 2D-DCT feature vectors is described, and the recognition results are compared with other face recognition approaches. The method introduced reduces significantly the computational complexity of previous HMM-based face recognition system, while preserving the same recognition rate.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Face recognition image recognition Speech recognition Probability density function Virtual manufacturing signal processing image processing Feature extraction Computational complexity

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Face detection and recognition using hidden Markov models

Face detection and recognition using hidden Markov models

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： A.V. Nefian M.H. Hayes Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The work presented in this paper describes a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based framework for face recognition and face detection. The observation vectors used to characterize the states of the HMM are obtained using the coefficients of the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT). The face recognition method presented reduces significantly the computational complexity of previous HMM-based face recognition systems, while slightly improving the recognition rate. Consistent with the HMM model of the face, this paper introduces a novel HMM-based face detection approach using the same feature extraction techniques used for face recognition.

关键词： Face detection Face recognition Hidden Markov models Karhunen-Loeve transforms Feature extraction image databases Robustness Probability density function signal processing image processing

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Fast rate-constrained N-step search algorithm for motion estimation

Fast rate-constrained N-step search algorithm for motion est...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： M.Z. Coban R.M. Mersereau Center for Signal & Image Processing (CSIP) School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

A fast N-step search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation is presented. The motion vectors are selected from a search window based on a rate-distortion criterion by successively eliminating the search positions at each step. The performance of the proposed algorithm is identical to the performance of the conventional rate-constrained N-step search algorithm, with considerable reduction in computation. Computational savings increase in parallel with the increase in the rate constraint and the number of steps.

关键词： Motion estimation Bit rate Video coding Computational efficiency Testing Cost function Lagrangian functions Video sequences signal processing image processing

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Rate control algorithms for video storage on disk based video servers

Rate control algorithms for video storage on disk based vide...

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & Computers

作者： Zhourong Miao A. Ortega Integrated Media Systems Center Signal and Image Processing Institute Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

The emerging video-on-demand servers are equipped with large capacity and high speed disks, but the disk seeking time can be significant (in the case when several users access different data simultaneously). Studies show different approaches to reduce the disk seek time in order to increase the number of users that can be served simultaneously. Most of them provide strategies for disk storage (disk placement) of the video data. Since most video data is encoded with variable bit rate (VBR), using fixed-rate disk placement strategies may result in reduced quality (PSNR). We analyze the impact of disk placement strategies on the performance of the VBR video stream. We then show that the performance can be improved by using rate control techniques that are aware of the disk placement constraints, so that the VBR video source stream can be optimized for those constraints. This optimization (which can be performed off-line) results is quality improvements of 0.5 dB to 1.5 dB in our experiments.

关键词： Video compression Bit rate Displays Hard disks Streaming media Bandwidth signal processing image processing Data engineering PSNR

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A Region-Based Representation of images in MARS

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Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, image, and Video Technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 137-150页

作者： Servetto, Sergio D. Rui, Yong Ramchandran, Kannan Huang, Thomas S. Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Comp. Res. Adv. Applications Group IBM Argentina Argentina Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Institute UIUC United States Department of Computer Science UNLP Argentina Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering UIUC United States Multimedia Commun. Res. Department Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ United States Info. Sciences Research Department AT and T Labs. Florham Park NJ United States Department of Computer Science UIUC United States Southeast University China Tsinghua University China University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Advance Sci. Technol. UIUC United States Vis. Technol. Grp. of Microsoft Res. Redmond WA United States City College of New York United States Columbia University United States AT and T Bell Labs. United States Ctr. for Telecommunications Research Columbia University United States Elec. and Comp. Eng. Department United States Beckman Institute Coordinated Science Laboratory IL United States IEEE Signal Processing Society United States IEEE IMDSP Technical Committee United States IEEE Transactions on Image Proc. United States National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering MIT United States School of Electrical Engineering United States Lab. for Info. and Signal Processing Purdue University United States Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering United States Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Rheinishes Landes Museum Bonn Germany Swiss Institutes of Technology Zurich Switzerland Swiss Institutes of Technology Lausanne S

We study the problem of representing images within a multimedia Database Management System (DBMS), in order to support fast retrieval operations without compromising storage efficiency. To achieve this goal, we propose new image coding techniques which combine a wavelet representation, embedded coding of the wavelet coefficients, and segmentation of image-domain regions in the wavelet domain. A bitstream is generated in which each image region is encoded independently of other regions, without having to explicitly store information describing the regions. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms achieve coding performance which compares favorably, both perceptually and objectively, to that achieved using state-of-the-art image/video coding techniques while additionally providing region-based support.

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Animated Talking Head with Personalized 3D Head Model

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Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, image, and Video Technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 97-105页

作者： Ostermann, Jörn Chen, Lawrence S. Huang, Thomas S. AT and T Labs.-Research Red Bank NJ 07701 100 Schultz Dr. United States Beckman Institute CSL University of Urbana IL 61801 United States University of Hannover Imperical College London United States University of Hannover Germany Inst. F. Theor. Nachrichtentechnik United States Vis. Commun. Research Department Bell Labs. United States Image Proc. and Technology Research AT and T Labs.-Research United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States University of Illinois United States Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. University of Illinois United States AT and T Labs. United States ATR Media Intgn. and Commun. Labs. Kyoto Japan National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering MIT United States School of Electrical Engineering United States Lab. for Info. and Signal Processing Purdue University United States Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Dept. the Image Form. and Proc. Grp. Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Rheinishes Landes Museum Bonn Germany Swiss Institutes of Technology Zurich Switzerland Swiss Institutes of Technology Lausanne Switzerland University of Hannover Germany INRS-Telecommunications University of Quebec Montreal Que. Canada University of Tokyo Japan

Natural Human-Computer Interface requires integration of realistic audio and visual information for perception and display. An example of such an interface is an animated talking head displayed on the computer screen in the form of a human-like computer agent. This system converts text to acoustic speech with synchronized animation of mouth movements. The talking head is based on a generic 3D human head model, but to improve realism, natural looking personalized models are necessary. In this paper, we report a semi-automatic method for adapting a generic head model to 3D range data of a human head obtained from a 3D-laser range scanner. This personalized model is incorporated into the talking head system. With texture mapping, the personalized model offers a more natural and realistic look than the generic model. The model created with the proposed method compares favorable to generic models.

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