The authors present a general theory for the convergence of iterative nonlinear filters. An introduction to lattice theory is provided, and the theory of mathematical morphology is presented in the context of lattice ...
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The authors present a general theory for the convergence of iterative nonlinear filters. An introduction to lattice theory is provided, and the theory of mathematical morphology is presented in the context of lattice theory. An important form of a nonlinear filter is provided by the iteration of the original nonlinear filter. The result of repeated iteration of a convergent nonlinear filter is called a root of the filter. In many cases, the root of a nonlinear filter is a particularly desired outcome (e.g., median filter). Conditions for the convergence of the iteration of a nonlinear filter are proposed.< >
This paper describes a method for reducing the information contained in an image sequence, while retaining the information necessary for the interpretation of the sequence by a human observer. The method consists of f...
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This paper describes a method for reducing the information contained in an image sequence, while retaining the information necessary for the interpretation of the sequence by a human observer. The method consists of first locating the redundant information, reducing the degree of redundancy, and coding the result. The sequence is treated as a single 3-D data volume, the voxels of which are grouped into several regions, obtained by a 3-D split and merge algorithm. To find these regions, we first obtain an initial region space by splitting the image sequence until the gray-level variation over each region can be approximated by a 3-D polynomial, to a specified accuracy. This results in a set of parallelepipedic regions of various sizes. To represent the gray-level variation over these regions, the coefficients of the approximating polynomial are used as features. The most similar regions are then merged, using a region adjacency graph. The information is coded by representing the borders of the regions using a pyramidal structure in the x, y, t space. The coefficients of the approximating polynomials are coded in a straightforward manner. For 256 x 256 pixel, 25 frames/s image sequences, compressions allowing transmission rates near 64 kbit/s are obtained.
Conventional subband coding for image data compression uses two-dimensional (2-D) separable QMF banks in which the analysis and synthesis filters are composed of 1-D filters. Such an implementation produces a large si...
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The problem of defining an appropriate measure of the degree of nonstationarity for stochastic processes that exhibit cyclostationarity is addressed. After discussing several candidate measures of degree of nonstation...
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The problem of defining an appropriate measure of the degree of nonstationarity for stochastic processes that exhibit cyclostationarity is addressed. After discussing several candidate measures of degree of nonstationarity, one particularly promising measure is adopted. By decomposing this measure, several component measures are arrived at. Bounds on these measures are derived and their utility in applications involving signal detection and estimation is established. Examples are presented to illustrate the calculation of degrees of nonstationarity for several types of cyclostationary signals.
Recently, a very simple nonlinear algorithm, the so-called Teager's algorithm, has been introduced to calculate the energy of a one-dimensional sequence [1]. In this paper, this algorithm is extended to two-dimens...
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Two types of very simple two-dimensional nonlinear filters are introduced and applied to image contrast enhancement. The first type is based on a generalization of the Teager's algorithm. A theoretical analysis ha...
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Two types of very simple two-dimensional nonlinear filters are introduced and applied to image contrast enhancement. The first type is based on a generalization of the Teager's algorithm. A theoretical analysis has shown that this type of nonlinear filter works like a local-mean-weighted highpass filter. Based on this analysis, a second type of nonlinear filter has been developed which works like local-mean-weighted bandpass filter. The proposed image contrast enhancement technique is based on combining the original image with its filtered version obtained using one of the two nonlinear filters. Very high quality enhancement has been achieved for natural images.< >
A distributed ray tracing technique which is based on the jittering concept of adding noise to the image is discussed. An octree data structure is used to improve the efficiency of calculation. By distributing the ray...
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A distributed ray tracing technique which is based on the jittering concept of adding noise to the image is discussed. An octree data structure is used to improve the efficiency of calculation. By distributing the rays in different dimensions-through the solid angle of light sources, over the lens, and in time-the effects of penumbras, depth of field, and motion blur are presented. The distributed ray tracing technique, is used to remove the aliasing error. Other effects, such as gloss and translucency, can also be produced by distributing the rays according to the specular distribution function and by distributing transmitted rays.< >
A trainable VLSI neuroprocessor for adaptive vector quantization based upon the frequency-sensitive competitive learning algorithm has been developed for high-speed high-ratio image compression applications. Simulatio...
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A systematic method for automatic custom layout of analog integrated circuits is presented. This method uses analog circuit recognition and critical net analysis techniques to derive proper layout constraints for anal...
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A systematic method for automatic custom layout of analog integrated circuits is presented. This method uses analog circuit recognition and critical net analysis techniques to derive proper layout constraints for analog circuit performance optimization. Constraint-driven analog floorplanning and routing techniques are developed to generate custom layouts which incorporate the layout constraints. This method can be applied to handle a wide variety of analog circuit modules as well as analog subsystems. Experimental results on CMOS operational amplifiers and a comparator are presented.< >
The theory of mathematical morphology is presented. The author introduces the basic morphological transformations and reviews some of their properties. He also summarizes the theory of morphological filtering. Several...
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The theory of mathematical morphology is presented. The author introduces the basic morphological transformations and reviews some of their properties. He also summarizes the theory of morphological filtering. Several characteristics of mathematical morphology which demonstrate its applicability in the processing of medical images are outlined.< >
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