The stability of the SMM (Steiglitz-McBride method) in the underparameterized case is studied. It is shown that the offline SMM can potentially produce intermediate unstable estimates. A projection technique is introd...
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The stability of the SMM (Steiglitz-McBride method) in the underparameterized case is studied. It is shown that the offline SMM can potentially produce intermediate unstable estimates. A projection technique is introduced and analytically shown to overcome such instability. The existence of multiple stable equilibria for the SMM in the underparametrized case is demonstrated.< >
An array of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) biomagnetometers may be used to measure the spatio-temporal neuromagnetic field or magnetoencephalogram (MEG) produced by the brain in response to a give...
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An array of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) biomagnetometers may be used to measure the spatio-temporal neuromagnetic field or magnetoencephalogram (MEG) produced by the brain in response to a given sensory stimulus. A popular model for the neural activity that produces these fields is a set of current dipoles. It is assumed that the location, orientation, and magnitude of the dipoles are unknown. The authors show how the problem may be decomposed into the estimation of the dipole locations using nonlinear minimization followed by linear estimation of the associated moment time series. The methods described are demonstrated in a simulated application to a three dipole problem. Cramer-Rao lower bounds are derived for the white Gaussian noise case.< >
Digital processing of black and white images has received most attention during the last 25 years, and has led to various algorithms for the enhancement, smoothing, and zooming of images. Due to the decreasing cost an...
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Many image compression techniques involve segmentation of a gray level image. With such techniques, information is extracted that describes the regions in the segmented image, and this information is then used to form...
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A novel structure for multirate adaptive filtering with lower computational complexity and improved performance of the adaptive algorithm is introduced. It uses auxiliary subbands and a modified filter bank with decim...
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A novel structure for multirate adaptive filtering with lower computational complexity and improved performance of the adaptive algorithm is introduced. It uses auxiliary subbands and a modified filter bank with decimated subbands. It avoids the aliasing distortions encountered in critically decimated overlapping filter banks as well as the spectral gaps in nonoverlapping filter banks. The authors show that this structure has a lower computational complexity than previously reported structures. computer simulations are included showing the improvement in performance that can be achieved with the new structure operating as an adaptive line enhancer (ALE) compared with the conventional ALE.< >
A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if...
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A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. The shape features of an object are the landmarks associated with the object. The landmarks of an object are defined as the points of interest of the object that have important shape attributes. Examples of landmarks are corners, holes, protrusions, and high-curvature points.< >
A technique is proposed for increasing the speech intelligibility of persons with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The processing is based on a modification of the chirp-z transform that allows for nonlinear sampl...
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A technique is proposed for increasing the speech intelligibility of persons with profound sensorineural hearing loss. The processing is based on a modification of the chirp-z transform that allows for nonlinear sampling along an arbitrary contour of the z-plane. Although the theory allows the nonlinear sampling to be arbitrary, an example showing that it is appropriate for nonlinear spectrum compression to aid the hearing-impaired is given. Samples are linearly spaced along the unit circle for a specified low-frequency segment; beyond the break-point the samples are nonlinearly spaced, perhaps spiraling inward to enhance spectral peaks, with the spacing width increasing with increasing frequency following an exponential function. A standard inverse DFT of these frequency samples returns the spectrum-compressed sequence. processing of continuous speech requires windowing and processing of data in a manner similar to the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The authors present the theoretical basis for, and development of, the algorithm.< >
The authors have developed an alternative formulation of simulated annealing using a tree-based Metropolis procedure called tree annealing. Tree annealing is suited to continuous optimization problems and, in particul...
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The authors have developed an alternative formulation of simulated annealing using a tree-based Metropolis procedure called tree annealing. Tree annealing is suited to continuous optimization problems and, in particular, to transistor parameter extraction. The tree annealing optimization algorithm was used to extract the parameters of the HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) of U.K. Mishra et al. (IEDM Tech. Dig., p.180-3, Dec. 1988) using a physically based equivalent circuit and deembedded scattering parameter measurements from 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz. Good results were obtained from the parameter extraction technique, and the ability of MFA not to be locked in local minima enabled a physically based equivalent circuit model to be used. Tree annealing is essentially a smart random search technique and so requires many more functional evaluations than do gradient-based minimization algorithms. However, no startling guess is required, and the bounds on parameter values can be widely separated with little effect on optimization time.< >
An overview is presented of results obtained in listeners with real and simulated impairments. Spectral processing is assessed by psychoacoustical tuning curves and growth-of-masking functions; temporal processing is ...
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An overview is presented of results obtained in listeners with real and simulated impairments. Spectral processing is assessed by psychoacoustical tuning curves and growth-of-masking functions; temporal processing is assessed by temporal integration and gap detection thresholds. When comparisons are made to normal listeners tested in the quiet, impaired listeners generally show deficits on all these tasks. When the comparisons are made to simulated impairments, some impaired listeners show no deficits, whereas others still show deficits. These results indicate that abnormal intensity perception is responsible for some, but not all, of impaired listeners' apparent deficits in spectral and temporal processing. In many cases, however, it appears that spectral and temporal processing, per se, are altered in the impaired auditory system.< >
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