When trying to record a foetal ECG (FECG), one of the main problems is the interference from the maternal ECG (MECG). Three algorithms for eliminating maternal ECG are compared. Two adaptive filtering techniques, LMS ...
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When trying to record a foetal ECG (FECG), one of the main problems is the interference from the maternal ECG (MECG). Three algorithms for eliminating maternal ECG are compared. Two adaptive filtering techniques, LMS (least mean square) and RLS (recursive least squares), are compared to a new algorithm that uses the blind source separation (BSS) theorem to separate the FECG from signals that are recorded with a lot of MECG interference. Simulation studies were first performed. Two independent ECG signals (sources) were simulated; one was considered as the MECG while the other was the FECG. By mixing the two sources with various channels, the algorithms were checked and compared. The algorithms were tested on real data as well as that taken from DAISY (the DAtabase for the Identification of SYstems). Conclusions concerning the mixing system were drawn both from the real data and from the simulation experiments.
Errors caused by loss of coded data can seriously affect an H.263 decoded image sequence. Several scenarios may occur that include: (1) loss of macroblocks in I or P frames, and (2) loss of motion vectors of macrobloc...
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Errors caused by loss of coded data can seriously affect an H.263 decoded image sequence. Several scenarios may occur that include: (1) loss of macroblocks in I or P frames, and (2) loss of motion vectors of macroblocks in P frames. The missing macroblocks in I and P frames can be reasonably reconstructed by exploiting the correlation between adjacent macroblocks. Existing methods which reconstruct the motion vector of a macroblock rely on existing motion vectors of surrounding macroblocks, and the results are not always satisfactory. A novel reconstruction technique for restoration of macroblocks with missing motion vectors is proposed. This method exploits the image continuity inside and across the borders of the macroblocks. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is good, both subjectively and objectively.
We convert a constant modulus (CM) array into a robust smart antenna by modifying the error criterion to be a weighted sum of conventional CM array error and decision-directed equalization error. The new error criteri...
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We convert a constant modulus (CM) array into a robust smart antenna by modifying the error criterion to be a weighted sum of conventional CM array error and decision-directed equalization error. The new error criterion enables the CM array to (1) separate digital cochannel signals with multipath and inter-symbol interference and (2) track fading signals. The key contribution is that the modified error criterion adds phase sensitivity to the otherwise phase insensitive CM error criterion. We present computer simulations to show the signal tracking properties of the CM array using the modified error criterion in a fading environment.
A fixed filter may be converted into an adaptive filter with a single adaptation parameter through the use of a new adaptive heterodyne filter (AHF) concept in which the frequency of the heterodyne signal is adjusted ...
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A fixed filter may be converted into an adaptive filter with a single adaptation parameter through the use of a new adaptive heterodyne filter (AHF) concept in which the frequency of the heterodyne signal is adjusted thereby translating the entire filter transfer function in frequency. If the fixed filter is selected to be a very narrow-band band-pass filter, the new AHF concept can be used very effectively in the elimination of narrow band interference in wide-band communications or control systems. A specific example of the removal of a slow-moving time-varying mechanical resonance from the control signal for a flight control system demonstrates the power of the new AHF concept.
Cloud classification from satellite imagery is an important but very difficult task. Temporal changes are one of the main factors that cause degradation in the classifier performance when a sequence of imagery is to b...
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Cloud classification from satellite imagery is an important but very difficult task. Temporal changes are one of the main factors that cause degradation in the classifier performance when a sequence of imagery is to be processed A probability neural network (PNN)-based cloud classification system and its temporal updating scheme is proposed in this paper. This novel approach can track the temporal changes in the images by utilizing the temporal contextual information and adjust the neural network to adapt to such changes. The maximum likelihood (ML) criterion is adopted in both the training and updating schemes, and the well-known expectation-maximization (EM) approach is employed to achieve this goal. The proposed scheme is examined on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 8 satellite cloud imagery and the results are promising. The proposed temporal updating scheme can also be applied to a number of other important applications where spatial-temporal classification of a sequence of images is needed.
We present a technique for coarsely extracting the regions of natural color images which contain directional detail, e.g., edges, texture, etc., which we then use for image database indexing. As a measure of color act...
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We present a technique for coarsely extracting the regions of natural color images which contain directional detail, e.g., edges, texture, etc., which we then use for image database indexing. As a measure of color activity, we use a perceptually modified distance measure based on the sum-of-angles criterion. We then apply histogram thresholding techniques to separate the image into smooth color regions and busy regions where edge, texture and colour activity exists. Database indices are then created from the busy regions using the directional detail histogram technique and retrieval is performed using these.
Presents the formulation of the dimension reduction problem using subset selection as a matrix approximation problem. A heuristic algorithm to solve this problem is presented. Numerical results using LANDSAT and AVIRI...
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Presents the formulation of the dimension reduction problem using subset selection as a matrix approximation problem. A heuristic algorithm to solve this problem is presented. Numerical results using LANDSAT and AVIRIS images show that the selected bands are contained in a space that is almost aligned with the first few principal components.
An approach for parsing MPEG compressed video into shots and sub-shots based only on the macroblock (MB) and motion vector (MV) information is presented. The system follows a two-pass scheme and has a hybrid rule-base...
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An approach for parsing MPEG compressed video into shots and sub-shots based only on the macroblock (MB) and motion vector (MV) information is presented. The system follows a two-pass scheme and has a hybrid rule-based/neural structure. A rough scan over the P frames locates the potential shot boundaries and the solution is then refined by a precise scan over the B frames of the respective neighborhoods. The "simpler" boundaries are recognized by the rule-based module, while the decisions for the "complex" ones are refined by the neural part. The latter is also used to distinguish dissolves from object and camera motions and to break the shots into sub-shots. The experiments demonstrate high speed and accuracy in shot detection and their characterization.
We address the issue of image database retrieval based on color using various vector distance metrics. Our system is based on color segmentation where only a few representative color vectors are extracted from each im...
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We address the issue of image database retrieval based on color using various vector distance metrics. Our system is based on color segmentation where only a few representative color vectors are extracted from each image and used as image indices. These vectors are then used with vector distance measures to determine similarity between a query color and a database image. We test numerous popular vector distance measures in our system and find that directional measures provide the most accurate and perceptually relevant retrievals.
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