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Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on Operating systems Design and Implementation

作者： Hanze Zhang Ke Cheng Rong Chen Haibo Chen Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai AI Laboratory and MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai AI Laboratory and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China and Key Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133403

distributed lock services are extensively utilized in distributed systems to serialize concurrent accesses to shared resources. The need for fast and scalable lock services has become more pronounced with decreasing task execution times and expanding dataset scales. However, traditional lock managers, reliant on server CPUs to handle lock requests, experience significant queuing delays in lock grant latency. Advanced network hardware (e.g. programmable switches) presents an avenue to manage locks without queuing delays due to their high packet processing power. Nevertheless, their constrained memory capacity restricts the manageable lock scale, thereby limiting their effect in large-scale *** paper presents FISSLOCK, a fast and scalable distributed lock service that exploits the programmable switch to improve (tail) latency and peak throughput for millions of locks. The key idea behind FISSLOCK is the concept of lock fission, which decouples lock management into grant decision and participant maintenance. FISSLOCK leverages the programmable switch to decide lock grants synchronously and relies on servers to maintain participants (i.e., holders and waiters) asynchronously. By using the programmable switch for routing, FISSLOCK enables on-demand fine-grained lock migration, thereby reducing the lock grant and release delays. FISSLOCK carefully designs and implements grant decision procedure on the programmable switch, supporting over one million locks. Evaluation using various benchmarks and a real-world application shows the efficiency of FISSLOCK. Compared to the state-of-the-art switch-based approach (NetLock), FISSLOCK cuts up to 79.1% (from 43.0%) of median lock grant time in the microbenchmark and improves transaction throughput for TATP and TPC-C by 1.76× and 2.28×, respectively.

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B-Splines for Sparse Grids: Algorithms and Application to Higher-Dimensional Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Valentin, Julian Simulation Software Engineering Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Universitätsstr. 38 Stuttgart70569 Germany

In simulation technology, computationally expensive objective functions are often replaced by cheap surrogates, which can be obtained by interpolation. Full grid interpolation methods suffer from the so-called curse of dimensionality, rendering them infeasible if the parameter domain of the function is higher-dimensional (four or more parameters). Sparse grids constitute a discretization method that drastically eases the curse, while the approximation quality deteriorates only insignificantly. However, conventional basis functions such as piecewise linear functions are not smooth (continuously differentiable). Hence, these basis functions are unsuitable for applications in which gradients are required. One example for such an application is gradient-based optimization, in which the availability of gradients greatly improves the speed of convergence and the accuracy of the results. This thesis demonstrates that hierarchical B-splines on sparse grids are well-suited for obtaining smooth interpolants for higher dimensionalities. The thesis is organized in two main parts: In the first part, we derive new B-spline bases on sparse grids and study their implications on theory and algorithms. In the second part, we consider three real-world applications in optimization: topology optimization, biomechanical continuum-mechanics, and dynamic portfolio choice models in finance. The results reveal that the optimization problems of these applications can be solved accurately and efficiently with hierarchical B-splines on sparse grids. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interpolation

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FEniCS-preCICE: Coupling FEniCS to other simulation software

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rodenberg, Benjamin Desai, Ishaan Hertrich, Richard Jaust, Alexander Uekermann, Benjamin Scientific Computing in Computer Science Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Usability and Sustainability of Simulation Software Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Germany Simulation of Large Systems Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

The new software FEniCS-preCICE is a middle software layer, sitting in between the existing finite-element library FEniCS and the coupling library preCICE. The middle layer simplifies coupling (existing) FEniCS application codes to other simulation software via preCICE. To this end, FEniCS-preCICE converts between FEniCS and preCICE mesh and data structures, provides easy-to-use coupling conditions, and manages data checkpointing for implicit coupling. The new software is a library itself and follows a FEniCS-native style. Only a few lines of additional code are necessary to prepare a FEniCS application code for coupling. We illustrate the functionality of FEniCS-preCICE by two examples: a FEniCS heat conduction code coupled to OpenFOAM and a FEniCS linear elasticity code coupled to SU2. The results of both scenarios are compared with other simulation software showing good agreement. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Finite element method

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Large Language Model-Based Optimization for System-Level Test Program Generation 37

Large Language Model-Based Optimization for System-Level Tes...

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37th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology systems, DFT 2024

作者： Schwachhofer, Denis Domanski, Peter Becker, Steffen Wagner, Stefan Sauer, Matthias Pfluger, Dirk Polian, Ilia Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute of Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Technical University of Munich Heilbronn Germany Advantest Europe Boeblingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366884

System-Level Test (SLT) is essential for testing integrated circuits, focusing on functional and non-functional properties of the Device under Test (DUT). Traditionally, test engineers manually create tests with commercial software to simulate the DUT's end-user environment. This process is both time-consuming and offers limited control over non-functional properties. This paper proposes Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced by Structural Chain of Thought (SCoT) prompting, a temperature schedule, and a pool of previously generated snippets to generate high-quality code snippets for SLT. We repeatedly query the LLM for a better snippet using previously generated snippets as examples, thus creating an iterative optimization loop. This approach can automatically generate snippets for SLT that target specific non-functional properties, reducing time and effort. Our findings show that this approach improves the quality of the generated snippets compared to unstructured prompts containing only a task description. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Functional Test Large Language Models Optimization System-Level Test Test Generation

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Simplification and analysis of transitive trust networks

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Web Intelligence and Agent systems 2006年第2期4卷 139-161页

作者： Jøsang, Audun Gray, Elizabeth Kinateder, Michael School of Software Engineering and Data Communications Queensland University of Technology Australia Computer Science Department Trinity College Dublin Ireland Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems Faculty of Computer Science University of Stuttgart Germany

When transacting and interacting through open computer networks, traditional methods used in the physical world for establishing trust can no longer be used. Creating virtual network substitutes with which people, organisations and software agents can derive trust in other parties requires computerised analysis of the underlying trust networks. This article describes an approach to trust network analysis using subjective logic (TNA-SL), that consists of the three following elements. Firstly it uses a concise notation with which trust transitivity and parallel combination of trust paths can be expressed. Secondly it defines a method for simplifying complex trust networks so that they can be expressed in this concise form. Finally it allows trust measures to be expressed as beliefs, so that derived trust can be automatically and securely computed with subjective logic. We compare our approach with trust derivation algorithms that are based on normalisation such as PageRank and EigenTrust. We also provide a numerical example to illustrates how TNA-SL can be applied. © 2006 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer networks

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A cots simulation package emulator (CSPE) for investigating cots simulation package interoperability

A cots simulation package emulator (CSPE) for investigating ...

引用

2005 Winter simulation Conference

作者： Wang, Xiaoguang Turner, Stephen John Taylor, Simon J. E. Low, Malcolm Yoke Hean Gan, Boon Ping Parallel and Distributed Computing Centre School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore Centre for Applied Simulation Modeling School of Information Systems Computing and Mathematics Brunel University Uxbridge UB8 3PH United Kingdom D-SIMLAB Programme Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 71 Nanyang Drive 638075 Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0780395204

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) simulation Packages (CSPs) are widely used to facilitate the creation of simulation models using some kind of visual interactive interface. CSPs have "evolved" over the years and are well used to support modeling demands in different market niches and domains. However, in terms of distributed simulation, there is almost a complete lack of support for interoperability. The advent of the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard makes it possible to connect distributed model components together. The model components can be developed using specific CSPs best suited to the application area. In this paper, a CSP Emulator (CSPE) is proposed to investigate the interfaces between the CSPs and the HLA Runtime Infrastructure. In addition to support for standalone models as provided by current CSPs, the CSPE has some new features needed for building distributed models. An evaluation is conducted between CSPE and Simul8, one of the popular CSPs.

关键词： Electronics packaging

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Partitioned fluid–structure–acoustics interaction on distributed data: Numerical results and visualization

Partitioned fluid–structure–acoustics interaction on distr...

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International Conference on software for Exascale Computing, SPPEXA 2015

作者： Blom, David Ertl, Thomas Fernandes, Oliver Frey, Steffen Klimach, Harald Krupp, Verena Mehl, Miriam Roller, Sabine Sternel, Dörte C. Uekermann, Benjamin Winter, Tilo van Zuijlen, Alexander Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Scientific Computing in Computer Science Technical University of Munich München Germany Simulation Techniques and Scientific Computing University of Siegen Siegen Germany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany VISUS University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institut for Scientific Computing TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institute of Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319405261

We present a coupled simulation approach for fluid–structure–acoustic interactions (FSAI) as an example for strongly surface coupled multi-physics problems. In addition to the multi-physics character, FSAI feature multi-scale properties as a further challenge. In our partitioned approach, the problem is split into spatially separated subdomains interacting via coupling surfaces. Within each subdomain, scalable, single-physics solvers are used to solve the respective equation systems. The surface coupling between them is realized with the scalable open-source coupling tool preCICE described in the "Partitioned Fluid–Structure– Acoustics Interaction on distributed Data: Coupling via preCICE". We show how this approach enables the use of existing solvers and present the overall scaling behavior for a three-dimensional test case with a bending tower generating acoustic *** run this simulation with different solvers demonstrating the performance of various solvers and the flexibility of the partitioned approach with the coupling tool preCICE. An efficient and scalable in-situ visualization reducing the amount of data in place at the simulation processors before sending them over the network or to a file system completes the simulation environment. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

关键词： Data visualization

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Predicting Eye Gaze Location on Websites

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Ciheng Aspandi, Decky Staab, Steffen Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Web and Internet Science University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom

World-wide-web, with website and webpage as a main interface, facilitates dissemination of important information. Hence it is crucial to optimize webpage design for better user interaction, which is primarily done by analyzing users’ behavior, especially users’ eye-gaze locations on the webpage. However, gathering these data is still considered to be labor and time intensive. In this work, we enable the development of automatic eye-gaze estimations given webpage screenshots as input by curating of a unified dataset that consists of webpage screenshots, eye-gaze heatmap and website’s layout information in the form of image and text masks. Our curated dataset allows us to propose a deep learning-based model that leverages on both webpage screenshot and content information (image and text spatial location), which are then combined through attention mechanism for effective eye-gaze prediction. In our experiment, we show benefits of careful fine-tuning using our unified dataset to improve accuracy of eye-gaze predictions. We further observe the capability of our model to focus on targeted areas (images and text) to achieve accurate eye-gaze area predictions. Finally, comparison with other alternatives shows state-of-the-art result of our approach, establishing a benchmark for webpage based eye-gaze prediction task. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Websites

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Training Large Language Models for System-Level Test Program Generation Targeting Non-functional Properties

Training Large Language Models for System-Level Test Program...

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IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS)

作者： Denis Schwachhofer Peter Domanski Steffen Becker Stefan Wagner Matthias Sauer Dirk Pflüger Ilia Polian Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute of Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Technical University of Munich Heilbronn Germany Advantest Europe Boeblingen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350349320

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349337

System-Level Test (SLT) has been an integral part of integrated circuit test flows for over a decade and continues to be significant. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic approaches for generating test programs, specifically focusing on the non-functional aspects of the Device under Test (DUT). Currently, test engineers manually create test suites using commercially available software to simulate the end-user environment of the DUT. This process is challenging and laborious and does not assure adequate control over non-functional properties. This paper proposes to use Large Language Models (LLMs) for SLT program generation. We use a pre-trained LLM and fine-tune it to generate test programs that optimize non-functional properties of the DUT, e.g., instructions per cycle. Therefore, we use Gem5, a microarchitectural simulator, in conjunction with Reinforcement Learning-based training. Finally, we write a prompt to generate C code snippets that maximize the instructions per cycle of the given architecture. In addition, we apply hyperparameter optimization to achieve the best possible results in inference.

关键词： Training Knowledge engineering Codes Systematics Microarchitecture Process control Hyperparameter optimization

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Large Language Models to Generate System-Level Test Programs Targeting Non-functional Properties

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Schwachhofer, Denis Domanski, Peter Becker, Steffen Wagner, Stefan Sauer, Matthias Pflüger, Dirk Polian, Ilia Institute of Software Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Advantest Europe Boeblingen Germany Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Technical University of Munich Heilbronn Germany

System-Level Test (SLT) has been a part of the test flow for integrated circuits for over a decade and still gains importance. However, no systematic approaches exist for test program generation, especially targeting non-functional properties of the Device under Test (DUT). Currently, test engineers manually compose test suites from off-the-shelf software, approximating the end-user environment of the DUT. This challenging and tedious task does not guarantee sufficient control over non-functional properties. This paper proposes Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate test programs. We take a first glance at how pre-trained LLMs perform in test program generation to optimize nonfunctional properties of the DUT. Therefore, we write a prompt to generate C code snippets that maximize the instructions per cycle of a super-scalar, out-of-order architecture in simulation. Additionally, we apply prompt and hyperparameter optimization to achieve the best possible results without further training. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： software testing

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