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5th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1999

作者： Li, Xingyuan Doermann, David Oh, Weon-Geun Gao, Wen Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Computer Vision Lab. Systems Engineering Research Institute Yusong Taejon305-600 Korea Republic of Datacap Inc. TarrytownNY10591 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769503187

This paper proposes a strategy for analyzing unknown, filled forms. First, horizontal and vertical line segments are detected, extracted and filtered. A recursive splitting and merging algorithm eliminates overlapping segments, filters false segments, and groups the segments into lines. Based on the extracted lines, an algorithm for rectangle extraction is proposed. We define the constraints between rectangles and edges. In a process of scanning the horizontal and vertical lines, candidate edges are validated and rectangles are generated if its surrounding edges and their combination are all valid. The process is recursively applied. It can tolerate large breaks in form lines, ignore irrelevant segments and deal with embedded rectangles. Experiments on a collection of forms show that our approach works well on poor quality images. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Geometry

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3D statistical shape models for medical image segmentation 2

3D statistical shape models for medical image segmentation

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2nd International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 3DIM 1999

作者： Lorenz, Cristian Krahnstover, Nils Philips Research Laboratories Division Technical Systems Röntgenstraße 24-26 HamburgD-22335 Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University 220 Pond Lab University ParkPA16802 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769500625

A novel method that allows the development of surface point-based three-dimensional statistical shape models is presented. The method can be applied to shapes of arbitrary topology. Given a set of medical objects, a statistical shape model can be obtained by principal component analysis. This technique requires that a set of complex shaped objects is represented as a set of vectors that on the one hand uniquely determine the shapes of the objects and on the other hand are suitable for a statistical analysis. The correspondence between the vector components and the respective shape features has to be the same in order for all shape parameter vectors to be considered. We present a novel approach to the correspondence problem for complex three-dimensional objects. The underlying idea is to develop a template shape and to fit this template to all objects to be analyzed. The method is successfully applied to obtain a statistical shape model for the lumbar vertebrae. The obtained shape model is well suited to support image segmentation tasks. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Vision-based speaker detection using Bayesian networks

Vision-based speaker detection using Bayesian networks

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： J.M. Rehg K.P. Murphy P.W. Fieguth Cambridge Research Lab Compaq Computer Corporation Cambridge MA USA Department of Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

The development of user interfaces based on vision and speech requires the solution of a challenging statistical inference problem: The intentions and actions of multiple individuals must be inferred from noisy and ambiguous data. We argue that Bayesian network models are an attractive statistical framework for cue fusion in these applications. Bayes nets combine a natural mechanism for expressing contextual information with efficient algorithms for learning and inference. We illustrate these points through the development of a Bayes net model for detecting when a user is speaking. The model combines four simple vision sensors: face detection, skin color, skin texture, and mouth motion. We present some promising experimental results.

关键词： Bayesian methods Face detection Application software Speech Inference algorithms Skin computer networks Testing Training data computer vision

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An alternative constraint handling method for evolution strategies

An alternative constraint handling method for evolution stra...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： A.I. Oyman K. Deb H.-G. Beyer Department of Computer Science XI Systems Analysis Research Group University of Dortmund Dortmund Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Kanpur GA Lab KanGAL Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

Most real-world search and optimization problems are faced with constraints, which must be satisfied by any acceptable solution. Although a plethora of research is spent on handling constraints in genetic algorithms (GAs), the same is not the case in evolution strategies (ESs). However, this does not say that ESs have not been applied to real-world problems. In fact, in the absence of an efficient constraint-handling technique, ES practitioners have mostly made sure that their ESs started from feasible solutions, a matter which allowed them to apply the commonly-used rejection scheme. In this paper, we borrow a constraint-handling scheme from the GA literature and implement it with standard ES paradigm. The resulting algorithm does not require initial feasible solutions and is found to yield a faster progress in the cylindrical corridor model and be efficient in solving a couple of complicated test problems. The results are interesting and suggest further use of the proposed technique in real-world search and optimization problems.

关键词： Constraint optimization Electronic switching systems computer science Testing Genetics Evolutionary computation DC generators Particle measurements

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Automatic image orientation detection

Automatic image orientation detection

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： A. Vailaya Hong Jiang Zhang A. Jain Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA Internet Systems & Applications Lab Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA USA Microsoft Research China Beijing China

We present an algorithm for automatic image orientation estimation using a Bayesian learning framework. We demonstrate that a small codebook (the optimal size of codebook is selected using a modified MDL criterion) extracted from a vector quantizer can be used to estimate the class-conditional densities of the observed features needed for the Bayesian methodology. We further show how feature clustering can be used as a feature selection mechanism to remove redundancies in the high-dimensional feature vectors used for classification. Experiments on a database of 17,901 images have shown that our proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of approximately 97% on the training set and over 89% on an independent test set.

关键词： Bayesian methods Image databases Object recognition Object detection Image retrieval Image storage State estimation Redundancy Object oriented databases Spatial databases

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Discriminative learning of additive noise and channel distortions for robust speech recognition

Discriminative learning of additive noise and channel distor...

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1998 23rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 1998

作者： Han, Jiqing Han, Munsung Park, Gyu-Bong Park, Jeongue Gao, Wen Hwang, Doosung Language Understanding Lab. Systems Engineering Research Institute ETRI Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)0780344286

Learning the influence of additive noise and channel distortions from training data is an effective approach for robust speech recognition. Most of the previous methods are based on maximum likelihood estimation criterion. We propose a new method of discriminative learning environmental parameters, which is based on the minimum classification error (MCE) criterion. By using a simple classifier defined by ourselves and the generalized probabilistic descent (GPD) algorithm, we iteratively learn environmental parameters. After getting the parameters, we estimate the clean speech features from the observed speech features and then use the estimation of the clean speech features to train or test the back-end HMM classifier. The best error rate reduction of 32.1% is obtained, tested on a Korean 18 isolated confusion words task, relative to the conventional HMM system. © 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

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A Flexible Model for Retrieval of SGML Documents 98

A Flexible Model for Retrieval of SGML Documents

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21st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on research and Development in Information Retrieval, SIGIR 1998

作者： Myaeng, Sung Hyon Jang, Dong-Hyun Kim, Mun-Seok Zhoo, Zong-Cheol Dept. Computer Science Chungnam National University TaeJon Korea Republic of Information Retrieval Lab Systems Engineering Research Institute Taejon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781581130157

In traditional information retrieval (IR) systems, a document as a whole is the target for a query. With increasing interests in structured documents like SGML documents, there is a growing need to build an LR system that can retrieve parts of documents, which satisfy not only content-based but also structure-based requirements. In this paper, we describe an inference-net-based approach to this problem. The model is capable of retrieving elements at any level in a principled way, satisfying certain containment constraints in a quety. Moreover, lvhile the model is general enough to reproduce the ranking strategy adopted by conventional document retrieval systems by making use of document and collection level statistics such as TF and IDF, its flexibility allows for incorporation of a variety of pragmatic and semantic information associated with document structures. We implemented the model and ran a series of experiments to show that, in addition to the added functionality, the use of the structural information embedded in SGML documents can improve the effectiveness of document retrieval, compared to the case where no such information is used. We also show that giving a pragmatic preference to a certain element tape of the SGML documents can enhance retrieval effectiveness. © 1998 ACM.

关键词： SGML

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Declustered disk array architectures with optimal and near-optimal parallelism

Declustered disk array architectures with optimal and near-o...

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Annual International Symposium on computer Architecture, ISCA

作者： G.A. Alverez W.A. Burkhard L.L. Stockmeyer F. Cristian Gemini Storage Syst. Lab. California Univ. San Diego La Jolla CA USA Gemini Storage Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Research Division Almaden Research Center IBM San Jose CA USA Dependable Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

This paper investigates the placement of data and parity on redundant disk arrays. Declustered organizations have been traditionally used to achieve fast reconstruction of a failed disk's contents. In previous work, Holland and Gibson identified six desirable properties for ideal layouts; however no declustered layout satisfying all properties has been published in the literature. We present a complete, constructive characterization of the collection of ideal declustered layouts possessing all six properties. Given that ideal layouts exist only for a limited set of configurations, we also present two novel layout families. PRIME and RELPR can tolerate multiple failures in a wide variety of configurations with slight deviations from the ideal. Our simulation studies show that the new layouts provide excellent parallel access performance and reduced incremental loads during degraded operation, when compared with previously published layouts. For large accesses and under high loads, response times for the new layouts are typically smaller than those of previously published declustered layouts by a factor of 2.5.

关键词： Parallel processing laboratories Delay Redundancy computer architecture computer science Read only memory Scientific computing Throughput Costs

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Automatic revision of simulation models

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IEEE Intelligent systems and Their Applications 1998年第2期13卷 75-81页

作者： Pos, Anita Akkermans, Hans Top, Jan Unilever Res. Lab. Vlaardingen Netherlands Free University Amsterdam Netherlands ATO-DLO Netherlands Systems Engineering Group Unilever Research Netherlands University of Twente Netherlands Unilever Res. Lab. Vlaardingen 3130 AC Vlaardingen PO Box 114 Netherlands Dept. Applic.- Bus.-oriented Info. Free University Amsterdam Netherlands State University Groningen Netherlands Free Univ. Amsterdam Computer Science Dept. NL-1081 HV Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1081a Netherlands AKMC Knowledge Management NL-1831 BV Koedijk Klareweid 19 Netherlands Production Management Department ATO-DLO Netherlands ATO-DLO AA Wageningen PO Box 6700 Netherlands

007, an intelligent modeling assistant, helps users formulate explicit, testable requirements and assess the current model. It then executes generic repair plans and revises the model until requirements are met.

关键词： Automatic Revision Intelligent Modeling Assistant Simulation Models

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Performing Arts' Impact on engineering Workshop Report

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第26期31卷 xiii-xiv页

作者： James L. Alty Gunnar Johannsen LUTCHI Research Centre Department of Computer Science Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK phone +44 1509 222648 IMAT-Lab. Systems Engineering & Human-Machine Systems University of Kassel D-34109 Kassel Germany phone ++49-561-804-2658

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