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arXiv 2022年

作者： Conde, Marcos V. Timofte, Radu Huang, Yibin Peng, Jingyang Chen, Chang Li, Cheng Pérez-Pellitero, Eduardo Song, Fenglong Bai, Furui Liu, Shuai Feng, Chaoyu Wang, Xiaotao Lei, Lei Zhu, Yu Li, Chenghua Jiang, Yingying Yong, A. Wang, Peisong Leng, Cong Cheng, Jian Liu, Xiaoyu Yin, Zhicun Zhang, Zhilu Li, Junyi Liu, Ming Zuo, Wangmeng Jiang, Jun Kim, Jinha Zhang, Yue Zou, Beiji Zong, Zhikai Liu, Xiaoxiao Vega, Juan Marín Sloth, Michael Schneider-Kamp, Peter Röttger, Richard Kınlı, Furkan Özcan, Barış Kıraç, Furkan Leyi, Li Nadim Uddin, S.M. Ghosh, Dipon Kumar Jung, Yong Ju Computer Vision Lab CAIDAS University of Würzburg Germany Huawei Noah's Ark Lab China Xiaomi Inc. China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China MAICRO AiRiA Harbin Institute of Technology China SenseBrain Technology United States School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine China China University of Southern Denmark Esoft Systems Denmark Özyeğin University Turkey Zhejiang University China Lab School of Computing Gachon University Korea Republic of

Cameras capture sensor RAW images and transform them into pleasant RGB images, suitable for the human eyes, using their integrated Image Signal Processor (ISP). Numerous low-level vision tasks operate in the RAW domain (e.g. image denoising, white balance) due to its linear relationship with the scene irradiance, wide-range of information at 12bits, and sensor designs. Despite this, RAW image datasets are scarce and more expensive to collect than the already large and public RGB datasets. This paper introduces the AIM 2022 Challenge on Reversed Image Signal Processing and RAW Reconstruction. We aim to recover raw sensor images from the corresponding RGBs without metadata and, by doing this, "reverse" the ISP transformation. The proposed methods and benchmark establish the state-of-the-art for this low-level vision inverse problem, and generating realistic raw sensor readings can potentially benefit other tasks such as denoising and super-resolution. © 2022, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Automatic Context-Driven Inference of Engagement in HMI: A Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Salam, Hanan Celiktutan, Oya Gunes, Hatice Chetouani, Mohamed SMART Lab New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Engineering King’s College LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge CB3 0FD United Kingdom Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics CNRS UMR7222 Sorbonne University Paris France

An integral part of seamless human-human communication is engagement, the process by which two or more participants establish, maintain, and end their perceived connection. Therefore, to develop successful human-centered human-machine interaction applications, automatic engagement inference is one of the tasks required to achieve engaging interactions between humans and machines, and to make machines attuned to their users, hence enhancing user satisfaction and technology acceptance. Several factors contribute to engagement state inference, which include the interaction context and interactants’ behaviours and identity. Indeed, engagement is a multi-faceted and multi-modal construct that requires high accuracy in the analysis and interpretation of contextual, verbal and non-verbal cues. Thus, the development of an automated and intelligent system that accomplishes this task has been proven to be challenging so far. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on previous work in engagement inference for human-machine interaction, entailing interdisciplinary definition, engagement components and factors, publicly available datasets, ground truth assessment, and most commonly used features and methods, serving as a guide for the development of future human-machine interaction interfaces with reliable context-aware engagement inference capability. An in-depth review across embodied and disembodied interaction modes, and an emphasis on the interaction context of which engagement perception modules are integrated sets apart the presented survey from existing surveys. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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Machine learning pipeline for battery state of health estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Roman, Darius Saxena, Saurabh Robu, Valentin Flynn, David Pecht, Michael Smart Systems Group School of Engineering & Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University EdinburghEH14 4AS United Kingdom Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States CWI National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science Amsterdam Netherlands

Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous in modern day applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Irrespective of the application, reliable real-time estimation of battery state of health (SOH) by on-board computers is crucial to the safe operation of the battery, ultimately safeguarding asset integrity. In this paper, we design and evaluate a machine learning pipeline for estimation of battery capacity fade — a metric of battery health — on 179 cells cycled under various conditions. The pipeline estimates battery SOH with an associated confidence interval by using two parametric and two non-parametric algorithms. Using segments of charge voltage and current curves, the pipeline engineers 30 features, performs automatic feature selection and calibrates the algorithms. When deployed on cells operated under the fast-charging protocol, the best model achieves a root mean squared percent error of 0.45%. This work provides insights into the design of scalable data-driven models for battery SOH estimation, emphasising the value of confidence bounds around the prediction. The pipeline methodology combines experimental data with machine learning modelling and can be generalized to other critical components that require real-time estimation of SOH. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Pipelines

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Polarization-Insensitive Metalenses at Wavelengths in Ultraviolet Region

Polarization-Insensitive Metalenses at Wavelengths in Ultrav...

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Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC)

作者： Bishoy I. Halim Saima Kanwal Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen ’s University Kingston Canada Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and Systems Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai P.R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416207

Metasurfaces in the ultraviolet band have attracted current research concern due to the expanding requirement for wearable UV optical and ultra-compact systems. The constraints of traditional plasmonic metasurfaces operating in transmission mode can be controlled by using an appropriate dielectric material. A metalens presents promising wavefront engineering for multiple applications. Metalenses have sophisticated advanced technology in the progress of miniaturized and integrated optical devices. However, metalenses using the Pancharatnam– Berry (PB) phase or resonance adjusting technique are limited to polarization reliance and for different applications, polarization-insensitive metalenses are extremely preferable. We present three designs of high-efficiency dielectric polarization-insensitive UV metalens using cylindrical nanopillars with focusing efficiency, offering full phase delay in a broadband spectrum of Ultraviolet light (380–400nm). The designed metalenses include titanium dioxide (cylindrical nanopillars on a glass substrate with geometrically different radii and present magnificent polarization-insensitive operation in the broadband UV band. It will considerably advance the miniaturization and integration of the UV photonic devices by limiting the use of Plasmonics structures that are undefended to the ohmic losses and absorption of the metals. The focusing efficiency of the designed metalenses is as high as 43%, 45%, and 47% for the designed wavelengths of metalenses $\lambda_{d}=396\text{n}\text{m}$, 388 nm, and 380 nm, respectively.

关键词： Optical losses Optical polarization Optical diffraction Ultraviolet sources Focusing Plasmons Metasurfaces

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Physical essence of propagable fractional-strength optical vortices in free space

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Weng, Xiaoyu Miao, Yu Li, Yang Dong, Xiangmei Gao, Xiumin Zhuang, Songlin Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 516 Jungong Road Shanghai200093 China

Fractional-order vector vortex beams are recently demonstrated to be new carriers of fractional-strength optical vortices. However, why can those new vortex beams formed by the combination of both unstable states propagate stably in free space? Here, we solve this scientific problem by revealing the physical essence of propagable fractional-strength optical vortices in free space. Three new understandings regarding those peculiar vortex beams are therefore proposed, namely Abbe's diffraction limit, phase evolution of vortex beam, and phase's binary time vector property. For the first one, flowing to Abbe's diffraction limit, the inherent polarization modes are intertwined together, thereby maintaining the entire peculiar vortex beams in free space. For the second one, we demonstrate the phase evolution of vortex beam, which is the physical reason of polarization rotation of fractional-order VVBs. For the third one, the phase is not merely a scalar attribute of light beam, but manifests a binary time vector property. This work provides entirely different physical viewpoints on the phase of vortex beam and Abbe's diffraction limit, which may deepen our knowledge on the behavior of light beam in classical optics. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarization

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Keep it Consistent: Topic-Aware Storytelling from an Image Stream via Iterative Multi-agent Communication 28

Keep it Consistent: Topic-Aware Storytelling from an Image S...

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28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2020

作者： Wang, Ruize Wei, Zhongyu Cheng, Ying Li, Piji Shan, Haijun Zhang, Ji Zhang, Qi Huang, Xuanjing Academy for Engineering and Technology Fudan University China School of Data Science Fudan University China Research Institute of Intelligent and Complex Systems Fudan University China Tencent AI Lab. China Zhejiang Lab. China School of Computer Science Fudan University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781952148279

Visual storytelling aims to generate a narrative paragraph from a sequence of images automatically. Existing approaches construct text description independently for each image and roughly concatenate them as a story, which leads to the problem of generating semantically incoherent content. In this paper, we propose a new way for visual storytelling by introducing a topic description task to detect the global semantic context of an image stream. A story is then constructed with the guidance of the topic description. In order to combine the two generation tasks, we propose a multi-agent communication framework that regards the topic description generator and the story generator as two agents and learn them simultaneously via iterative updating mechanism. We validate our approach on VIST dataset, where quantitative results, ablations, and human evaluation demonstrate our method’s good ability in generating stories with higher quality compared to state-of-the-art methods. © 2020 COLING 2020 - 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Pruning random resistive memory for optimizing analogue AI

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yi Wang, Songqi Zhao, Yaping Wang, Shaocong Zhang, Woyu He, Yangu Lin, Ning Cui, Binbin Chen, Xi Zhang, Shiming Jiang, Hao Lin, Peng Zhang, Xumeng Qi, Xiaojuan Wang, Zhongrui Xu, Xiaoxin Shang, Dashan Liu, Qi Cheng, Kwang-Ting Liu, Ming Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China ACCESS – AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong State Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Shanghai200433 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang310027 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Institute of Mind The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has been marked by the large language models exhibiting human-like intelligence. However, these models also present unprecedented challenges to energy consumption and environmental sustainability, which are exacerbated by the increasing number of users and the development of even larger models. One promising solution is to revisit analogue computing, a technique that predates digital computing and exploits emerging analogue electronic devices, such as resistive memory, which features in-memory computing, high scalability, and nonvolatility that addresses the von Neumann bottleneck, slowdown of Moore’s law, and volatile DRAM of conventional digital hardware. However, analogue computing still faces the same challenges as before: programming nonidealities and expensive programming due to the underlying devices physics. Therefore, leveraging the efficiency advantage while mitigating the programming disadvantage of analogue computing with resistive memory is a major open problem in AI hardware and electronics communities. Here, we report a universal solution, software-hardware co-design using structural plasticity-inspired edge pruning to optimize the topology of a randomly weighted analogue resistive memory neural network. Software-wise, the topology of a randomly weighted neural network is optimized by pruning connections rather than precisely tuning resistive memory weights. Hardware-wise, we reveal the physical origin of the programming stochasticity using transmission electron microscopy, which is leveraged for large-scale and low-cost implementation of an overparameterized random neural network containing high-performance sub-networks. We implemented the co-design on a 40nm 256K resistive memory macro, observing 17.3% and 19.9% accuracy improvements in image and audio classification on FashionMNIST and Spoken digits datasets, as well as 9.8% (2%) improvement in PR (ROC) in image segmentation on DRIVE datasets, r

关键词： Energy utilization

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A Minimal Memory Game-Based Distributed Algorithm to Vertex Cover of Networks

A Minimal Memory Game-Based Distributed Algorithm to Vertex ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems

作者： Jie Chen Xiang Li Adaptive Networks and Control Lab Fudan University Shanghai China Research Center of Smart Networks and Systems School of Information Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China

The vertex cover of networks is a classical combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we investigate the vertex cover problem solved by the memory-based best response update rule, which can not converge to a strict Nash equilibrium (SNE) with memory length m =3D 1. To overcome this shortcoming, a bounded rational behavioral (BRB) update rule is newly proposed in this paper. We prove that the BRB with m =3D 1 can guarantee that the whole vertices' state converges to a SNE. The simulation is carried out to verify that the performance of the proposed BRB update rule on representative networks. Moreover, we also find that a better SNE will be achieved by increasing the selection intensity.

关键词： Circuits and systems Numerical simulation Nash equilibrium Distributed algorithms Optimization

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Hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching characteristics of InGaN and GaN for micro-LED fabrication

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Nanotechnology 2023年第36期34卷 365302-365302页

作者： Ohori, Daisuke Ishihara, Takahiro Wang, Xuelun Endo, Kazuhiko Hsieh, Tsou-Hwa Li, Yiming Natori, Nobuhiro Matsui, Kazuma Samukawa, Seiji Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan Institute of Communications Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Center for mmWave Smart Radar System and Technologies National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan Resonac Corporation 5-1 Ohgimachi Kawasaki-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki210-0867 Japan

We investigated the etching characteristics of hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching (NBE) of GaN and InGaN and compared with Cl2 NBE. We showed the advantages of HI NBE versus Cl2 NBE, namely: higher InGaN etch rate, better surface smoothness, and significantly reduced etching residues. Moreover, HI NBE was suppressed of yellow luminescence compared with Cl2 plasma. InCl x is a product of Cl2 NBE. It does not evaporate and remains on the surface as a residue, resulting in a low InGaN etching rate. We found that HI NBE has a higher reactivity with In resulting in InGaN etch rates up to 6.3 nm min−1, and low activation energy for InGaN of approximately 0.015 eV, and a thinner reaction layer than Cl2 NBE due to high volatility of In-I compounds. HI NBE resulted in smoother etching surface with a root mean square average (rms) of 2.9 nm of HI NBE than Cl2 NBE (rms: 4.3 nm) with controlled etching residue. Moreover, the defect generation was suppressed in HI NBE compared to Cl2 plasma, as indicated by lower yellow luminescence intensity increase after etching. Therefore, HI NBE is potentially useful for high throughput fabrication of μLEDs. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Etching

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Asymmetric Heat Transfer with Linear Conductive Metamaterials

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第3期20卷 034013-034013页

作者： Yishu Su Ying Li Minghong Qi Sebastien Guenneau Huagen Li Jian Xiong Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China UMI 2004 Abraham de Moivre-CNRS Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore

Asymmetric heat-transfer systems, often referred to as thermal diodes or thermal rectifiers, have garnered increasing interest due to their wide range of application possibilities. Most of those previous macroscopic asymmetric thermal devices either resort to nonlinear thermal conductivities with strong temperature dependence that may be quite limited by or fixed in natural materials or rely on active modulation that necessitates auxiliary energy payloads. Here, we establish a straightforward strategy of passively realizing asymmetric heat transfer with linear conductive materials. The strategy also introduces an interrogative perspective into the previous design of passive asymmetric heat transfer utilizing nonlinear thermal conductivity, correcting the misconception that thermal rectification is impossible with separable nonlinear thermal conductivity. The nonlinear-perturbation mode can be versatilely engineered to produce an effective and wide-ranging perturbation in heat conduction, which imitates and bypasses intrinsic thermal nonlinearity constraints set by naturally occurring counterparts. Independent experimental characterizations of surface thermal radiation and thermal convection verify that heat exchange between a graded linear thermal metamaterial and the ambient surroundings can be tailored to achieve macroscopic asymmetric heat transfer. Our work is envisaged to inspire conceptual models for heat-transfer control, serving as a robust and convenient platform for advanced thermal management and thermal computation.

关键词： Heat radiation Heat transfer Metamaterials Thermal conductivity

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