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3D printed near-infrared high-numerical aperture achromatic metalens

iScience 2025年第6期28卷

作者： Wei, Heming Hu, Wenchen Hu, Jingtian He, Guoqiang Pang, Fufei Krishnaswamy, Sridhar Nedoma, Jan Marques, Carlos Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China Center for Smart Structures and Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Telecommunications VSB – Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Physics Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal Department of Physics VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic

Traditional optical Fresnel microlenses have limitations such as large size, limited optical quality for imaging, and low focusing efficiency in achromatic lenses with high NA. In contrast, metalenses rely on their subwavelength structure to modulate the phase distribution, resulting in smaller volumes and superior focusing performance. In this work, we inverse designed and fabricated an achromatic metalens with high-NA and broad wavelength range through direct laser writing using the two-photon polymerization technique. With a focal length of 19 μm, a thickness of 3.6 μm, and a numerical aperture of 0.8, the metalens exhibits an average focusing efficiency of 53.6% and an average half maximum width of 1.27 μm at the working wavelength. The measured average focusing efficiency is 50.4% within the bandwidth range of 1510 nm–1610 nm. The presented work demonstrates the great potential of 3D printing and inverse design for realizing functional meta-devices for aerospace sector. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Metamaterials Optical materials Optics Photonics

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From Personalized Medicine to Population Health: A Survey of mHealth Sensing Techniques

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Zhiyuan Xiong, Haoyi Zhang, Jie Yang, Sijia Boukhechba, Mehdi Barnes, Laura E. Zhang, Daqing Dou, Dejing Big Data Lab Baidu Research Baidu Inc. Haidian Beijing China Department of Engineering Systems and Environment University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Department of Computer Science Peking University Haidian Beijing China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Haidian Beijing China

Mobile Sensing Apps have been widely used as a practical approach to collect behavioral and health-related information from individuals and provide timely intervention to promote health and well-beings, such as mental health and chronic cares. As the objectives of mobile sensing could be either (a) personalized medicine for individuals or (b) public health for populations, in this work we review the design of these mobile sensing apps, and propose to categorize the design of these apps/systems in two paradigms – (i) Personal Sensing and (ii) Crowd Sensing paradigms. While both sensing paradigms might incorporate with common ubiquitous sensing technologies, such as wearable sensors, mobility monitoring, mobile data offloading, and/or cloud-based data analytics to collect and process sensing data from individuals, we present two novel taxonomy systems from Sensing Objectives and Sensing Paradigms perspectives that can specify and classify apps/systems from aspects of the life-cycle of mHealth Sensing: (1) Sensing Task Creation & Participation, (2) Health Surveillance & Data Collection, and (3) Data Analysis & Knowledge Discovery. With respect to different goals of the two paradigms, this work systematically reviews this field, and summarizes the design of typical apps/systems in the view of the configurations and interactions between these two components. In addition to summarization, the proposed taxonomy system also helps figure out the potential directions of mobile sensing for health from both personalized medicines and population health perspectives. © 2021, CC0.

关键词： mHealth

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Deep Learning Techniques for Automatic Lateral X-ray Cephalometric Landmark Detection: Is the Problem Solved?

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Hongyuan Wang, Ching-Wei Muzakky, Hikam Dai, Juan Li, Xuguang Ma, Chenglong Wu, Qian Cui, Xianan Xu, Kunlun He, Pengfei Guo, Dongqian Wang, Xianlong Lee, Hyunseok Zhong, Zhangnan Zhu, Zhu Huang, Bingsheng Medical AI Lab School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Stomatological Research Shenzhen University Shenzhen518055 China Chohotech Technology Co. Ltd. Lianchuang Street Yuhang District Hangzhou311422 China Singapore School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Artificial Intelligence Xidian University Xi’an710126 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Taipa China The Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China Digital Healthcare Department Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation Daegu427724 Korea Republic of School of Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou510631 China Information and Data Department Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou310000 China

Localization of the craniofacial landmarks from lateral cephalograms is a fundamental task in cephalometric analysis. The automation of the corresponding tasks has thus been the subject of intense research over the past decades. In this paper, we introduce the "Cephalometric Landmark Detection (CL-Detection)" dataset, which is the largest publicly available and comprehensive dataset for cephalometric landmark detection. This multi-center and multi-vendor dataset includes 600 lateral X-ray images with 38 landmarks acquired with different equipment from three medical centers. The overarching objective of this paper is to measure how far state-of-the-art deep learning methods can go for cephalometric landmark detection. Following the 2023 MICCAI CL-Detection Challenge, we report the results of the top ten research groups using deep learning methods. Results show that the best methods closely approximate the expert analysis, achieving a mean detection rate of 75.719% and a mean radial error of 1.518 mm. While there is room for improvement, these findings undeniably open the door to highly accurate and fully automatic location of craniofacial landmarks. We also identify scenarios for which deep learning methods are still failing. Both the dataset and detailed results are publicly available online, while the platform will remain open for the community to benchmark future algorithm developments at https: //***/. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Synergistic approach of energy generation and conservation in buildings exploiting semitransparent organic photovoltaic windows globally

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Nano Energy 2025年 142卷

作者： Haozhou Huang Yifan Wu Yuxin Ma Peng Xue Yan Cao Bo Wang Xinzhao Zhang Shudi Wang Zhenqian Pang Tengyao Jiang Yanghua Lu Gang Tan College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang University Jiaxing 314100 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems School of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Semitransparent organic photovoltaic (ST-OPV) windows have emerged as a promising solution for sustaining renewable energy and enhancing energy efficiency in buildings, for their ability to provide natural lighting while simultaneously generating electricity. However, the building field lacks a unified and comprehensive framework to guide the selection of materials and structural design for ST-OPVs in building envelopes, especially windows. To address this gap, this work establishes a systematic screening framework for ST-OPV device structures, focusing on active layer materials, interface layer materials, and electrode thicknesses. Instead of solely focusing on enhancing light utilization efficiency (LUE), the screening process integrates conventional photovoltaic performance metrics such as power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT) with essential architectural indices, including color rendering index (CRI), thermal performance, and overall building energy efficiency, ensuring that the designed ST-OPV can be truly applied in real world. The results indicates that ST-OPVs based on the PM6:Y6 system with a wide-bandgap donor showing top-tier performance cannot meet building code requirements for exterior windows, while ST-OPVs using the PCE10–2F:Y6 system with a narrow-bandgap donor can be fabricated into fully code-compliant photovoltaic windows, providing energy-saving benefits in any climate zone worldwide. The correspondingly designed ST-OPV window demonstrates a U-factor of 0.654 W/m 2 K, a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of 0.236, and an AVT/SHGC ratio of 1.356. Compared to conventional commercial windows, this ST-OPV window can achieve annual energy savings of 74.8–239.7 kWh/m 2 around the world, showcasing its potential for real-world energy-efficient building applications.

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Open real-time, non-invasive fish detection and size estimation utilizing binocular camera system in a Portuguese river affected by hydropeaking

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Ecological Informatics 2025年 90卷

作者： Jürgen Soom Isabel Boavida Renan Leite Maria João Costa Gert Toming Mairo Leier Jeffrey A. Tuhtan Embedded AI Research Lab Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15A Tallinn 12618 Harjumaa Estonia Department of Computer Systems Akadeemia tee 15A Tallinn 12618 Harjumaa Estonia Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Forest Research Centre TERRA Associate Laboratory School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisboa Portugal

The need for efficient approaches to track and assess fish behavior in rivers impacted by hydropeaking is increasing. Nonetheless, employing an automated camera system for underwater monitoring requires that the algorithms function under highly variable environmental conditions, which affect the ability to detect and assess fish size. Additionally, there is a lack of openly accessible freshwater fish classification and size estimation datasets. To address these limitations, we propose a binocular underwater fish monitoring system capable of real-time fish detection and size estimation. The system was deployed and tested over one week in two Portuguese rivers affected by hydropeaking. The week-long analysis also provided new insights regarding wild fish behavior in rivers affected by hydropeaking. Results indicate that hydropeaking strongly influences how fish may use instream flow refuges during hydropeaking. Fish were less frequently detected in the flow refuge during peak flow events, suggesting that the flow conditions created habitat instability and difficulty accessing the flow refuge. In contrast, fish in the non-hydropeaking river consistently used refuge areas, reinforcing their importance as shelter during natural flow variations. This study demonstrates the potential of a computer vision-based pipeline for real-time, fully automated fish monitoring of hydropeaking’s impacts on riverine fish. Additionally, we provide PTFish, an open dataset with 18,523 manually annotated frames featuring infrared and color video frames. These findings emphasize that automated, camera-based solutions for hydropeaking monitoring can be used to develop evidence-based mitigation strategies to sustain fish populations in rivers impacted by hydropeaking.

关键词： Fish migration Size estimation Binocular vision Hydropeaking Edge computing

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A perspective of twisted photonic structures

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Jialin Lin, Xiao Chen, Mingyuan Low, Tony Chen, Hongsheng Dai, Siyuan Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Materials Research and Education Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Moiré superlattices-twisted van der Waals (vdW) structures with small angles-are attracting increasing attention in condensed matter physics, due to important phenomena revealed therein, including unconventional superconductivity, correlated insulating states, and ferromagnetism. Moiré superlattices are typically comprised of atomic layers of vdW materials where the exotic physics arises from the quantum electronic coupling between adjacent atomic layers. Recently, moiré electronics has motivated their photonic counterparts. In addition to vdW materials, twisted photonic systems can also be comprised of metamaterials, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals, mediated by interlayer electromagnetic coupling instead. The interplay between short-ranged interlayer quantum and long-ranged electromagnetic coupling in twisted structures are expected to yield rich phenomena in nano-optics. This perspective reviews recent progress in twisted structures for nanophotonics and outlooks emerging topics, opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Large language models for diabetes training:a prospective study

引用

Science Bulletin 2025年第6期70卷 934-942页

作者： Haoxuan Li Zehua Jiang Zhouyu Guan Yuqian Bao Yuexing Liu Tingting Hu Jiajia Li Ruhan Liu Liang Wu Di Cheng Hongwei Ji Yong Wang Ya-Xing Wang Carol Y.Cheung Yingfeng Zheng Jihong Wang Zhen Li Weibing Wu Cynthia Ciwei Lim Yong Mong Bee Hong Chang Tan Elif I.Ekinci David C.Klonoff Justin B.Echouffo-Tcheugui Nestoras Mathioudakis Leonor Corsino Rafael Simó Charumathi Sabanayagam Gavin Siew Wei Tan Ching-Yu Cheng Tien Yin Wong Huating Li Chun Cai Lijuan Mao Lee-Ling Lim Yih-Chung Tham Bin Sheng Weiping Jia Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai 200438China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalTsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute(BERI) Tsinghua MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China CEMS NCMISHCMSMADISAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China k.Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesGuangzhou 510060China Department of Renal Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingHealth-Duke Academic Medical CentreSingapore169

Diabetes poses a considerable global health challenge,with varying levels of diabetes knowledge among healthcare professionals,highlighting the importance of diabetes *** Language Models(LLMs)provide new insights into diabetes training,but their performance in diabetes-related queries remains uncertain,especially outside the English language like *** first evaluated the performance of ten LLMs:ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,LlaMA2-7B,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,MedGPT,HuatuoGPT,and Chinese LlaMA2-7B on diabetes-related queries,based on the Chinese National Certificate Examination for Primary Diabetes Care in China(NCE-CPDC)and the English Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology and Diabetes of Membership of the Royal College of Physicians of the United ***,we assessed the training of primary care physicians(PCPs)without and with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.0 in the NCE-CPDC examination to ascertain the reliability of LLMs as medical *** found that ChatGPT-4.0 outperformed other LLMs in the English examination,achieving a passing accuracy of 62.50%,which was significantly higher than that of Google Bard,LlaMA-7B,and *** the NCE-CPFC examination,ChatGPT-4.0,Ali Tongyi Qianwen,Baidu ERNIE Bot,Google Bard,MedGPT,and ChatGPT-3.5 successfully passed,whereas LlaMA2-7B,HuatuoGPT,Chinese LLaMA2-7B,and LlaMA-7B ***-4.0(84.82%)surpassed all PCPs and assisted most PCPs in the NCE-CPDC examination(improving by 1%–6.13%).In summary,LLMs demonstrated outstanding competence for diabetes-related questions in both the Chinese and English language,and hold great potential to assist future diabetes training for physicians globally.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetestraining Largelanguagemodels Primarydiabetescare Prospectivestudy

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Spinful Topological Phases in Acoustic Crystals with Projective PT Symmetry

引用

Physical Review Letters 2023年第2期130卷 026101-026101页

作者： Yan Meng Shuxin Lin Bin-jie Shi Bin Wei Linyun Yang Bei Yan Zhenxiao Zhu Xiang Xi Yin Wang Yong Ge Shou-qi Yuan Jingming Chen Gui-Geng Liu Hong-xiang Sun Hongsheng Chen Yihao Yang Zhen Gao Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology School of Physics and Electronics Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China SKLSM Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China

For the classification of topological phases of matter, an important consideration is whether a system is spinless or spinful, as these two classes have distinct symmetry algebra that gives rise to fundamentally different topological phases. However, only recently has it been realized theoretically that in the presence of gauge symmetry, the algebraic structure of symmetries can be projectively represented, which possibly enables the switch between spinless and spinful topological phases. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of this idea by realizing spinful topological phases in “spinless” acoustic crystals with projective space-time inversion symmetry. In particular, we realize a one-dimensional topologically gapped phase characterized by a 2Z winding number, which features double-degenerate bands in the entire Brillouin zone and two pairs of degenerate topological boundary modes. Our Letter thus overcomes a fundamental constraint on topological phases by spin classes.

关键词： Acoustics Edge states Topological insulators 1-dimensional systems Finite-element method Gauge symmetries Projective symmetries Tight-binding model

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ecUWB: A Energy-Centric Communication Scheme for Unstable WiFi Based Backscatter systems : (Invited Paper)

ecUWB: A Energy-Centric Communication Scheme for Unstable Wi...

引用

International Conference on computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

作者： Yue Xu Jingwen Zhang Hao Zhou Xiaoyan Wang Zhi Liu Yusheng Ji LINKE Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Univ. of Science and Technology of China China College of Engineering Ibaraki University Japan Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering Shizuoka University Japan Information Systems Architecture Research Division National Institute of Informatics Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728166070

ISBN: (纸本)9781728166087

By integrating both energy harvesting and backscatter communication technologies, so-called `battery-free tag' emerges as a promising solution to the energy related issues in IoT. However, such tags present new challenges due to the unstable energy supply and excitation signals, which are critical to realize successful backscatter communications. In this paper, we present a novel system, denoted as ecUWB, which enables robust communication for battery-free tags where unstable WiFi signals act as the unified source for both energy supply and excitation signals. At tag side, we propose a charging-transmission division scheme to achieve better signal utilization, and introduce a re-transmission mechanism for possible excitation signal interruption. At receiver side, we implement a simply method which is based on DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) to predict the uncontrollable signals, and propose an energy-centric tag scheduling method according to the tag energy estimation results. Extensive experiments are carried out on customized tags and NI USRP platform. The results show that ecUWB outperforms the existing ones in terms of performance and efficiency under the unstable WiFi signals.

关键词： Wireless fidelity Backscatter Energy harvesting Receivers systems architecture Power supplies Modulation

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Scanning Acoustic Microscopy for Quantifying Two-phase Transfer in Operando Alkaline Water Electrolyzer

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dou, Zehua Rox, Hannes Ramos, Zyzi Baumann, Robert Ravishankar, Rachappa Czurratis, Peter Yang, Xuegeng Lasagni, Andrés Fabian Eckert, Kerstin Czarske, Juergen Weik, David Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 Dresden01069 Germany Institute of Fluid Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 Dresden01328 Germany PVA TePla Analytical Systems GmbH Deutschordenstraße 38 Westhausen73463 Germany Institute of Manufacturing Science and Engineering Technische Universität Dresden George-Baehr-Straße 3c Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS Winterbergstraße 28 Dresden01277 Germany Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 14 Dresden01069 Germany Hydrogen Lab School of Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 14 Dresden01062 Germany Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 Dresden01069 Germany

Improved understandings of two-phase transport in electrochemical gas-evolving systems are increasingly demanded, while high-performance imaging techniques using simplified instrumentations are not readily available. This work presents volumetric scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) imaging for quantifying the dynamics of gas bubbles and electrolyte in porous Nickel electrodes with different wettability and structures during alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). We realize high-resolution 3D imaging at 10's µm level using high frequency spherically focused ultrasound. The high resolution allowed us to clearly visualize the spatial distributions of produced bubbles in the porous electrodes over time. Moreover, we are able to quantify the residual gas volume in an electrode and its coverage due to bubble evolution, which dominate its transport overpotential. Taking these advantages, we elucidate the impacts of electrodes' wettability and structures on their electrolysis performance, on a regular laboratory base. The obtained knowledge provides us important optimization guidelines of AWE designs and operating schemes. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mass transfer

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