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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Ahmed Mohamed AbdelHamid Ankur Anchlia Stylianos Mamagkakis Miguel Corbalan Miranda Bart Dierickx Maarten Kuijk Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussel Belgium Smart Systems & Energy Technology Unit IMEC Leuven Belgium

Nowadays, sub-45 nm designs are facing the challenges of parametric yield loss and reliability issues. Existing design practices increase the system's area/power penalty in order to cope with the growing number of design corners and their widening distributions. Our proposed solution is the Standardized Knobs and Monitors (SKM) framework, which enables monitoring and adjusting the circuits at run-time by utilizing power-delay trade-offs. More specifically, we focus on the systematic insertion of digital monitors at the RTL level of design abstraction and demonstrate our approach by using modified crystal ball delay monitor in a real-life wireless application.

关键词： Power system reliability Delay Runtime Manufacturing Circuit testing energy consumption Control systems Degradation Clouds Design methodology

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Micromachined polycrystalline si thermopiles in a T-shirt

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Sensors and Transducers 2011年第4期127卷 15-26页

作者： Leonov, Vladimir van Andel, Yvonne Wang, Ziyang Vullers, Ruud J. M. van Hoof, Chris Imec Smart Systems and Energy Technology Unit Kapeldreef 75 3001 Leuven Belgium Imec/Holst Centre High Tech Campus 31 5656 AE Eindhoven Netherlands

The technology for in-plane poly-Si thermopiles has been developed. The bulkmicromachined thermopiles are located between two Si bars and connected thermally with those bars through thin-film thermal shunts. The patterned strips of thermocouple material together with thermal shunts form bridges between Si bars. Two versions of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) with micromachined thermopiles have been assembled and tested on a person's wrist, and when integrated in a T-shirt. The TEG still produces less than 1 μW in the office, but at ambient temperatures below 11-13 °C it produces more than 1 μW at a voltage of more than 2 V on the matched load. The new way of integration of wearable TEG in clothing is shown. The TEG is located under the textile, and the fabric is used as a flexible radiator. © 2011 IFSA.

关键词： Wearable technology

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Facilitating renewable natural gas production for a circular bioeconomy: AI-Driven process visualization and data augmentation on biochar-mediated anaerobic digestion

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 516卷

作者： Xiaoman He Jingyuan Guo Xihui Kang Xue Ning Huichao Chen Daolun Liang Chen Deng Zutan Li Dekui Shen Huiyan Zhang Richen Lin Jerry D. Murphy Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Emeryville CA 94608 USA School of Engineering and Architecture University College Cork T23XE10 Cork Ireland Research Ireland MaREI Centre for Energy Climate and Marine Environmental Research Institute University College Cork T23XE10 Cork Ireland School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310030 China Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China

The conversion of biomass residues into biochar is a promising strategy for enhancing sustainability within the circular bioeconomy, particularly through its role in improving renewable natural gas production. However, engineering biochar with optimal properties remains a complex challenge, as the relationship between preparation conditions, biochar characteristics, and anaerobic digestion (AD) performance is not fully understood. This study presents an AI-derived full-process prediction approach that integrates machine learning and generative models to guide the rational design of biochar, and optimize its use for biomethane production. Three tree-based regression models were employed to predict AD performance, with the eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression model demonstrating superior accuracy. Feature importance analysis identified key biochar properties, including electrical conductivity, oxygen content, and specific surface area, as critical factors influencing biomethane production. These properties can be fine-tuned by adjusting pyrolysis conditions and selecting suitable biomass sources. A generative adversarial network was further used to explore a broader data space, helping to identify the optimal combination of parameters for maximizing AD efficiency. This novel AI-driven framework facilitates biochar-mediated renewable natural gas production, offering a scalable and sustainable approach for advancing circular bioeconomy.

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Reversible Solid Oxide Cells for energy Storage in the Netherlands: Thermodynamics and Fuel Selection

Reversible Solid Oxide Cells for Energy Storage in the Nethe...

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243rd ECS Meeting

作者： Amladi, Amogh Resink, Friso el Tambouli, Omar Venkataraman, Vikrant Woudstra, Theo Aravind, P.V. Energy Conversion Research Group Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Department of Process and Energy Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Instrumentation and Test Systems Fuel Cell Business Unit AVL List GmbH Hans List Platz 1 Graz8020 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781607685395

We investigated a large-scale energy storage system based on reversible solid oxide cells, for a future Dutch electrical grid powered entirely by intermittent renewables. Three fuels - hydrogen, ammonia and methane - were investigated for such a system, to find the most suitable one in terms of minimizing the required fuel storage and renewable power generation capacity. The required sizes of fuel storage and power generation using each fuel were estimated using process models of rSOC systems, and a mathematical model of a storage-supported power grid. The results show that the use of hydrogen would lead to the smallest power generation requirement. It is found that the potential storage capacity in the Netherlands exceeds the requirement for storing any fuel, while the renewable power capacity planned for 2030 is insufficient to meet the demand. Under these conditions and assumptions, we find hydrogen to be the appropriate fuel for the Netherlands. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

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Thermoelectric generator hidden in a shirt with a fabric radiator

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1449卷 556-559页

作者： Vladimir Leonov Ruud J. M. Vullers Chris Van Hoof Imec Smart Systems and Energy Technology Unit Heterogeneous Integrated Microsystems Dept. Kapeldreef 75 3001 Leuven Belgium Holst Centre/Imec High Tech Campus 31 Eindhoven 5656 AE Netherlands

Integration of thermopiles in garments has been performed in this work in different ways. It is shown that textile has a minor effect on power generation, which enables completely hidden and unobtrusive energy harvester. A one-milliwatt thermoelectric generator is then integrated between two layers of a shirt and its characteristics are reported.

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Exergy-based fault detection on the Tennessee Eastman process

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 13713-13720页

作者： J. Vosloo K.R. Uren G. van Schoor L. Auret H. Marais School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering North-West University South Africa Unit for Energy and Technology Systems Faculty of EngineeringNorth-West University South Africa School of Process Engineering Stellenbosch University South Africa

The exergy-based fault detection method has not yet been applied to a complex industrial system that adequately represents a dynamically changing process. One such system, the Tennessee Eastman process, is commonly used as a benchmark for fault detection methods. In this paper, an exergy-based fault detection approach is applied to the Tennessee Eastman process. This is done to investigate the feasibility of using this approach when confronted with noisy sensor data and control loops masking faulty behaviour. An exergy characterisation was performed on stream data obtained from the Tennessee Eastman process. The exergy characterisation included a new approach to calculate the standard chemical exergy of unknown components. For fault detection, threshold limits were determined for the exergy characterisation when normal operating conditions are assumed. The threshold limits were calculated following the upper and lower control limit determination of the Shewhart control chart. The results showed that this method could quantify both the physical state as well as the chemical features of the process and that 17 out of the 20 considered faults could be detected. This shows that the exergy-based method could be adequately applied to the Tennessee Eastman process.

关键词： Fault detection Exergy Tennessee Eastman process

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A Benchmark System for Hardware-in-The-Loop Testing of Distributed energy Resources

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IEEE Power and energy technology systems Journal 2018年第3期5卷 94-103页

作者： Kotsampopoulos, Panos Lagos, Dimitris Hatziargyriou, Nikos Faruque, M. Omar Lauss, Georg Nzimako, Onyi Forsyth, Paul Steurer, Michael Ponci, F. Monti, A. Dinavahi, V. Strunz, Kai Smart Grids Research Unit School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Zografou15780 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States Energy Department Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna1210 Austria RTDS Inc. WinnipegMBR3T 2E1 Canada Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems E.ON Energy Research Center RWTH Aachen University Aachen52074 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2V4 Canada SENSE Lab Berlin University of Technology Berlin10587 Germany

In order to overcome challenges associated with the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into state-of-The-art and future power grids, a common basis for testing using appropriate benchmark systems is required. Real-time hardware-in-The-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an advanced and efficient tool for the analysis and validation of electric power systems and DER components. However, a common methodology for HIL testing of DER along with the required set of reference systems has not yet been developed. This task-force paper proposes a benchmark system for HIL testing incorporating DER into the real-time simulation environment. A low-voltage benchmark system with detailed HIL setup is proposed for the testing of DER performance. The modeling of DER for real-time applications is discussed, and the detailed laboratory procedures and setups for both controller HIL (CHIL) and power HIL (PHIL) are provided. Results from CHIL simulation related to the centralized controls and experimental results of PHIL simulation related to local control on the benchmark system substantiate the suitability of the proposed real-time simulation approach. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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An energy-attributed graph approach for the purposes of FDI in a heated two-tank system

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第14期52卷 159-164页

作者： Kenneth R. Uren George van Schoor Lidia Auret School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South-Africa Unit for Energy and Technology Systems North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South-Africa Department of Process Engineering Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa

The focus of this paper is the development of attributed graph representations of industrial processes. In this case energy attributes are used since it serves a data reduction purpose and allows for the consideration of multi-domain systems. Pattern recognition approaches towards FDI are considered advantageous due to their visual interpretation qualities. It is therefore envisaged that these attributed graphs can be used in a new innovative graph matching methodology to be able to detect and isolate faults. A two-tank thermo-fluid system is considered in this paper as a case study. An attributed graph containing exergy and energy flows is derived and from this graph node signature matrices are extracted that represent normal and fault conditions. Fault signatures are compared to the normal signature by deriving a cost matrix using a Heterogenous Eucledian-Overlap Metric (HEOM). Eigenvalues of the cost matrices are analysed in a qualitative way as a first stage of fault detection.

关键词： attributed graphs energy-based exergy flow energy flow fault detection

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A cloud model of smart phone industry

A cloud model of smart phone industry

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IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, SOLI

作者： Baoli Su Yuan Liu Gang Xiong Timo R. Nyberg Xiwei Liu Xiuqing Shang Zichen Lu Yonghong Ma Dongguan Research Institute of CASIA Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongguan China Nanjing Smart Energy Information Technology Co. LTD. Nanjing China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Business Innovation and Technology Research Unit Aalto University Espoo Finland Institute of Smart Enterprise Systems Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries Oingdao China Dongguan KAIN Electronics Co. LTD. Dongguan China

In this paper, we expounds a cloud model of smartphone industry, and achieved consumers actively participate in the customization services of smartphone. Through social production theory and the combination of cloud computing services, use many kinds of 3D technology, new process technology of cooperative management, e-commerce, logistics and wisdom dynamic value chain analysis and so on. Using many kinds of technologies, we constructed a new model to customize smartphone at the cost of mass production. This mode make all participate in the design, all take part in manufacturing, and everyone enjoy the products. This new service mode will effectively drive the transformation and upgrading of industries, satisfied the growing need of customers' personalization, reduce the uncertainty of each tache of the supply chain, and will bring new economic growth.

关键词： IP networks Educational institutions Industries Economics Service-oriented architecture Manufacturing

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Multilayer Inorganic Electrets with SiO2and Si3N4Layers for Applications on Heated Machinery

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smart Materials Research 2012年第1期2012卷

作者： Vladimir Leonov Chris Van Hoof Smart Systems and Energy Technology Unit Imec Kapeldreef 75 3001 Leuven Belgiumimec.be

The physics and basic properties of electrets are discussed, namely, what happens during corona charging of dielectrics, why the surface potential and trapped charge show certain limits, where the trapped charge is stored, why and how the charge is released from traps at high temperatures. The experiments have been conducted on single-layer SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 and on multilayer combination of these materials. A strong lateral mobility of charge trapped near the SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 interface was observed at elevated temperatures. The positively and negatively charged electrets are compared to each other. The experiments on charge retention at elevated temperatures have shown the studied electrets are suitable for devices working at temperatures of up to 200–300°C.

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