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Electrical Engineering (ICEENG), International Conference on

作者： Ahmed Abdelraheem Malak Elbanna Mohamed Elnaggar Doaa Shawky Software Development Program Zewail City of Science and Technology Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798331519018

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519025

Bias in software systems poses ethical concerns that may lead to unintended discrimination, particularly when sensitive variables (e.g., gender, ethnicity) influence decision-making processes. While bias detection in machine learning models has been extensively studied, traditional software systems remain largely unexplored. However, implicit bias can manifest in conditional logic, user role definitions, or static decision trees, which directly influences user experience and access equity in real-world applications (e.g., government services or healthcare platforms). This paper presents a novel static analysis methodology for detecting and quantifying bias in general-purpose software systems. The proposed approach leverages static backward slicing to isolate relevant code, builds a Control Flow Graph (CFG) to trace sensitive variables in conditional branches, and utilizes a Control Dependency Graph (CDG) to assess bias propagation in a weighted-analysis format. Two bias metrics are inferred from the process: Bias Impact Score (BIS), which quantifies how the detected bias influences code execution, and the Bias Severity Score (BSS), which measures the broader implications of the impact. A final composite metric is introduced combining static code structure and ML-based sensitivity analysis. The proposed methodology is evaluated using an LLM-generated dataset of 3920 code snippets from prior research, covering different demographic bias directions such as ethnicity, gender, religion, and occupation. Results, achieving 94.6% accuracy in bias detection, show that the proposed methodology effectively identifies and quantifies bias, allowing developers to mitigate ethical risks early in the software development lifecycle. This research paper provides a foundation for ethical software engineering by offering a systematic and scalable approach to bias detection not only limited to AI-driven models. The methodology currently focuses on Python code and may require adaptation

关键词： Measurement Ethics Codes Ethnicity Systematics Machine learning Static analysis software systems User experience software engineering

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Quality of AI-Generated vs. Human-Generated Code

Quality of AI-Generated vs. Human-Generated Code

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International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA)

作者： Tasneem Muhammed Eltabakh Nada Nabil Soudi Doaa Shawky Communication & Information Engineering Zewail City Giza Egypt Software Development Program Zewail City Giza Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798331529680

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529697

This study examines the quality differences between AI-generated and human-generated code through an evaluation of multiple software quality metrics, including maintainability, complexity, and documentation. Using a dataset of 5,312 code samples—2,700 human-generated and 2,612 AI-generated—we applied machine learning techniques to classify and analyze the code based on these metrics. The results revealed that AI-generated code tends to excel in maintainability and documentation, demonstrating higher maintainability index scores and a higher ratio of comments. Additionally, AI-generated code often features simpler control structures, reflected in its lower cyclomatic complexity. In contrast, human-generated code showcased greater adaptability and flexibility, particularly in addressing complex problem statements. A neural network classifier achieved 88.05% accuracy in distinguishing between the two code origins, with comments ratio, maintainability index, and cyclomatic complexity being the most significant differentiators. These findings highlight the complementary roles of AI and human contributions in software development, suggesting strategic integration of both for enhanced efficiency and quality.

关键词： Measurement Codes Documentation software quality software systems Complexity theory Indexes Security Artificial intelligence software development management

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Efficient Detection of Black Box Adversarial Attacks in Machine Learning Systems Using Cluster-Based and Class-Based Input Patterns

Efficient Detection of Black Box Adversarial Attacks in Mach...

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International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA)

作者： Rghda Salah Tarek Sharaf Nada Tayel Doaa Shawky Communication and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Zewail City Giza Egypt Software Development Program University of Science and Technology Zewail City Giza Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9798331529680

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529697

Adversarial attacks pose a significant challenge to the security and reliability of machine learning models. This paper focuses on detecting black-box adversarial attacks, where attackers operate without access to the model's internal parameters or architecture—a scenario more relevant to real-world threats than white-box settings, where such knowledge is assumed. Two novel detection methodologies are introduced: (1) a clustering-based approach that groups input data to identify anomalies and (2) a class-centric method that uses statistical properties of labeled data to compute class centers and boundaries for detecting deviations. These methods utilize thresholds derived from dynamic statistical metrics to ensure robust, efficient, and scalable *** experiments validate the effectiveness of these approaches using the Iris dataset. Results demonstrate that the clustering-based method excels in detecting adversarial samples, achieving high accuracy, while the class-based method offers a conservative alternative by minimizing false positives. Both methodologies provide practical solutions for enhancing model security, particularly in scenarios where model details are unavailable, thereby addressing the limitations of existing defense mechanisms. Future work will explore scalability and application to higher-dimensional datasets.

关键词： Measurement Gradient methods Computational modeling Scalability Closed box Machine learning Robustness Computer security Iris recognition Glass box

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Collaboration to Create an IT Bachelor's Degree: Bachelor of Applied Science in Web Design and development 20

Collaboration to Create an IT Bachelor's Degree: Bachelor of...

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21st Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Information Technology Education, SIGITE 2020

作者： Dawson, Scott Alan Roux, Diane Nelson Clark State College Graphic Design and New Media Programs SpringfieldOH45505 United States Clark State College Computer Software Development Program SpringfieldOH45505 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450370455

The creation of this bachelor's degree was a series of innovations for us: a new model for degree creation. This is a bachelor's degree created by a community college. It is a degree program that does not exist anywhere else in the state, and it was built on collaboration between the college and local industry, and by collaboration between faculty and staff in different departments in the college. Usually, students are trained in front-end (client-side) skills or back-end (server-side) skills. When determining the need for the degree, the companies contacted indicated that they wanted students trained in both front-end and back-end skills or "full-stack"skills. At the college, web design (front-end) is housed in the School of Arts and Sciences, and web development (back-end) in the School of Business and Applied Technologies. The faculty in these disciplines collaborated with each other, industry partners, and various departments across the college to create a new applied bachelor's degree, a Bachelor of Applied Science in Web Design and development. The applied nature of the degree was critical to student success and to filling workforce development needs. We wanted students to be trained in current technologies so they would be immediately employable upon graduation. The curriculum requires students to create real-world projects and work with the industry partners as they complete the degree program. This paper outlines our collaborative two-year journey in creating the degree, getting it approved and accredited, and making it available to students. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Students

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Phenomenological Model of a Reactive Distillation Column Validated at Pilot-Plant Scale to Produce N-Butyl Lactate

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cesar Augusto, Garcia Echeverry Ochoa, Silvia Gil, Iván Darío Secchi, Argimiro Resende Grupo de Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Cra 30 Num. 45-03 Ed. 453 Of. 318 Cundinamarca Bogotá Colombia SIDCOP Grupo de investigación Universidad de Antioquia Aranjuez Antioquia MedellínCl. 67 53-108 Colombia Chemical Engineering Program LADES—Software Development Laboratory COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro21941-914 Brazil

N-butyl lactate is a promising eco-friendly solvent with a high boiling point. However, its production via reactive distillation presents challengessuch as non-linearities and multiple steady states. This work addresses these issues by developing and validating a comprehensive phenomenological model for a pilot-plant scale reactive distillation column, incorporating reaction kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium. The study examines three cases: 1) Isoamyl acetate production at pilot-plant scale using NRTL-HOC and a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model with experimental batch data;2) N-butyl lactate production using lab-scale literature data with NRTL, a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, and continuous experimental data;3) N-butyl lactate production at pilot-plant scale without experimental data, using NRTL and a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the model’s robustness, showing that it adequately represents the experimental data on a pilot-plant scale. This research contributes to the development of accurate models for predicting the behavior of processvariables in green solvent production, such as n-butyl lactate, which is crucial for improving industrial-scale process operations. Future research will focus on implementing and evaluating control strategies. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reaction kinetics

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Technical debt and agile software development practices and processes: An industry practitioner survey

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Holvitie, Johannes Licorish, Sherlock A. Spínola, Rodrigo O. Hyrynsalmi, Sami MacDonell, Stephen G. Mendes, Thiago S. Buchan, Jim Leppänen, Ville Turku Centre for Computer Science Software Development Laboratory Turku Finland University of Turku Department of Information Technology Turku Finland University of Otago Department of Information Science Otago Dunedin New Zealand Salvador University Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Bahia Salvador Brazil Federal University of Bahia Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and System Engineering Salvador Brazil Tampere University of Technology Pori Campus Pori Finland Federal Institute of Bahia Information Technology Department Bahia Santo Amaro Brazil Auckland University of Technology School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences Auckland New Zealand

Context: Contemporary software development is typically conducted in dynamic, resource-scarce environments that are prone to the accumulation of technical debt. While this general phenomenon is acknowledged, what remains unknown is how technical debt specifically manifests in and affects software processes, and how the software development techniques employed accommodate or mitigate the presence of this debt. Objectives: We sought to draw on practitioner insights and experiences in order to classify the effects of agile method use on technical debt management, given the popularity and perceived success of agile methods. We explore the breadth of practitioners' knowledge about technical debt;how technical debt is manifested across the software process;and the perceived effects of common agile software development practices and processes on technical debt. In doing so, we address a research gap in technical debt knowledge and provide novel and actionable managerial recommendations. Method: We designed, tested and executed a multi-national survey questionnaire to address our objectives, receiving 184 responses from practitioners in Brazil, Finland, and New Zealand. Results: Our findings indicate that: 1) Practitioners are aware of technical debt, although, there was under utilization of the concept, 2) Technical debt commonly resides in legacy systems, however, concrete instances of technical debt are hard to conceptualize which makes it problematic to manage, 3) Queried agile practices and processes help to reduce technical debt;in particular, techniques that verify and maintain the structure and clarity of implemented artifacts (e.g., Coding standards and Refactoring) positively affect technical debt management. Conclusions: The fact that technical debt instances tend to have characteristics in common means that a systematic approach to its management is feasible. However, notwithstanding the positive effects of some agile practices on technical debt management, comp

关键词： Legacy systems

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The Best of Both Worlds: Agile development Meets Product Line Engineering at Lockheed Martin

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Insight 2019年第2期22卷 25-31页

作者： Gregg, Susan P. Scharadin, Rick Clements, Paul C. Principal project engineer for the Lockheed Martin Corporation. Over twenty years of senior program management experience related to complex large scale system development open architecture designs software product line development product integration and test and delivery for various Navy Aegis Baselines. Vice president of Customer Success at BigLever Software Inc.

Agile development has long been touted to optimize software development team efficiency and improve project success. Product line engineering (PLE) brings large-scale improvements in cost, time to market, product quality, and more. Can these two paradigms work in concert with each other? This paper details the experience of Lockheed Martin as it introduced large-scale agile development practices on one of its largest and most successful product line engineering efforts. © 2016 by BigLever software, Inc. Published and used by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Cost engineering

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Recognition Algorithms Based on Radial Functions

Recognition Algorithms Based on Radial Functions

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Russia and Pacific Conference on Computer Technology and Applications (RPC)

作者： N. Mirzaev E. Saliev Centre for the development of software and hardware-program complexes at Tashkent University of Information Technologies Tashkent Republic of Uzbekistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538675328

One of the urgent problems in the field of computer vision is the problem of developing algorithms for recognizing objects represented as images. To solve the problem under consideration, recognition algorithms based on radial functions are proposed. The main idea of the proposed algorithms is to form a set of preferred features that simplify the process of developing an extreme algorithm when recognizing images represented as images. To test the efficiency of the proposed algorithms, the problem of diagnostics of diseases of agricultural crops, in particular cotton, according to the images of their leaves, is solved. The results of the conducted experiments show that the application of the proposed algorithms allows increasing the accuracy in solving the problem of cotton diseases diagnosing on the images of its leaves.

关键词： Image recognition Character recognition Mathematical model Classification algorithms Task analysis Analytical models

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Best practices for alchemical free energy calculations [article v 1.0]

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Mey, Antonia S.J.S. Allen, Bryce K. Bruce Macdonald, Hannah E. Chodera, John D. Kuhn, Maximilian Michel, Julien Mobley, David L. Naden, Levi N. Prasad, Samarjeet Rizzi, Andrea Scheen, Jenke Shirts, Michael R. Tresadern, Gary Xu, Huafeng EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black Building The King's Buildings David Brewster Road EdinburghEH9 3FJ United Kingdom Computational and Systems Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY United States Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry University of California Irvine United States National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Silicon Therapeutics BostonMA United States Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine New YorkNY United States Computational Chemistry Janssen Research & Development Turnhoutseweg 30 BeerseB-2340 Belgium Cresset Cambridgeshire United Kingdom Molecular Sciences Software Institute BlacksburgVA United States

Alchemical free energy calculations are a useful tool for predicting free energy differences associated with the transfer of molecules from one environment to another. The hallmark of these methods is the use of "bridging" potential energy functions representing alchemical intermediate states that cannot exist as real chemical species. The data collected from these bridging alchemical thermodynamic states allows the efficient computation of transfer free energies (or differences in transfer free energies) with orders of magnitude less simulation time than simulating the transfer process directly. While these methods are highly flexible, care must be taken in avoiding common pitfalls to ensure that computed free energy differences can be robust and reproducible for the chosen force field, and that appropriate corrections are included to permit direct comparison with experimental data. In this paper, we review current best practices for several popular application domains of alchemical free energy calculations, including relative and absolute small molecule binding free energy calculations to biomolecular targets. © 2020, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Free energy

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Best practices for constructing, preparing, and evaluating protein-ligand binding affinity benchmarks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hahn, David F. Bayly, Christopher I. Bruce Macdonald, Hannah E. Chodera, John D. Gapsys, Vytautas Mey, Antonia S.J.S. Mobley, David L. Benito, Laura Perez Schindler, Christina E.M. Tresadern, Gary Warren, Gregory L. Janssen Research & Development Turnhoutseweg 30 BeerseB-2340 Belgium OpenEye Scientific Software 9 Bisbee Court Suite D Santa FeNM87508 United States Computational and Systems Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY10065 United States MSD The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Road LondonNW1 1AT United Kingdom Computational Biomolecular Dynamics Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen Germany EaStCHEM School of Chemistry David Brewster Road Joseph Black Building The King’s Buildings EdinburghEH9 3FJ United Kingdom Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California IrvineCA United States Department of Chemistry University of California IrvineCA United States Merck KGaA Frankfurter Str. 250 Darmstadt64289 Germany DeepCure 131 Dartmouth St BostonMA02116 United States

Free energy calculations are rapidly becoming indispensable in structure-enabled drug discovery programs. As new methods, force fields, and implementations are developed, assessing their expected accuracy on real-world systems (benchmarking) becomes critical to provide users with an assessment of the accuracy expected when these methods are applied within their domain of applicability, and developers with a way to assess the expected impact of new methodologies. These assessments require construction of a benchmark—a set of well-prepared, high quality systems with corresponding experimental measurements designed to ensure the resulting calculations provide a realistic assessment of expected performance when these methods are deployed within their domains of applicability. To date, the community has not yet adopted a common standardized benchmark, and existing benchmark reports suffer from a myriad of issues, including poor data quality, limited statistical power, and statistically deficient analyses, all of which can conspire to produce benchmarks that are poorly predictive of real-world performance. Here, we address these issues by presenting guidelines for (1) curating experimental data to develop meaningful benchmark sets, (2) preparing benchmark inputs according to best practices to facilitate widespread adoption, and (3) analysis of the resulting predictions to enable statistically meaningful comparisons among methods and force fields. We highlight challenges and open questions that remain to be solved in these areas, as well as recommendations for the collection of new datasets that might optimally serve to measure progress as methods become systematically more reliable. Finally, we provide a curated, versioned, open, standardized benchmark set adherent to these standards (protein-ligand-benchmark) and an open source toolkit for implementing standardized best practices assessments (openff-arsenic) for the community to use as a standardized assessment tool. Whi

关键词： Free energy

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